codegraph/src/index.ts

/**
 * CodeGraph
 *
 * A local-first code intelligence system that builds a semantic
 * knowledge graph from any codebase.
 */

import * as path from 'path';
import {
  Node,
  NodeKind,
  Edge,
  FileRecord,
  ExtractionResult,
  Subgraph,
  TraversalOptions,
  SearchOptions,
  SearchResult,
  SegmentMatch,
  Context,
  GraphStats,
  TaskInput,
  TaskContext,
  BuildContextOptions,
  FindRelevantContextOptions,
} from './types';
import { DatabaseConnection, getDatabasePath, removeDatabaseFiles } from './db';
import { WalCheckpointValve } from './db/wal-valve';
import { QueryBuilder } from './db/queries';
import {
  isInitialized,
  createDirectory,
  removeDirectory,
  validateDirectory,
} from './directory';
import {
  ExtractionOrchestrator,
  IndexProgress,
  IndexResult,
  SyncResult,
  extractFromSource,
  initGrammars,
} from './extraction';
import {
  ReferenceResolver,
  createResolver,
  ResolutionResult,
} from './resolution';
import { GraphTraverser, GraphQueryManager } from './graph';
import { ContextBuilder, createContextBuilder } from './context';
import { Mutex, FileLock } from './utils';
import { FileWatcher, WatchOptions, PendingFile, LockUnavailableError } from './sync';
import { EXTRACTION_VERSION } from './extraction/extraction-version';
import { getCodeGraphDir } from './directory';
import { deriveProjectNameTokens } from './search/query-utils';
import { CodeGraphPackageVersion } from './mcp/version';
import { segmentLookupVariants, splitIdentifierSegments } from './search/identifier-segments';
import { createYielder } from './resolution/cooperative-yield';
import { minRefsForPool } from './resolution/resolver-pool';

// Re-export types for consumers
export * from './types';
// Storage building blocks for embedded/SDK consumers that drive the graph
// directly (open a DB, run prepared queries) rather than through the CodeGraph
// facade. Exposed from the package entry so they no longer require deep imports
// into dist/ (issue #354).
export { getDatabasePath, DatabaseConnection } from './db';
export { QueryBuilder } from './db/queries';
export {
  getCodeGraphDir,
  isInitialized,
  findNearestCodeGraphRoot,
  CODEGRAPH_DIR,
} from './directory';
export { IndexProgress, IndexResult, SyncResult } from './extraction';
export { detectLanguage, isLanguageSupported, isGrammarLoaded, getSupportedLanguages, initGrammars, loadGrammarsForLanguages, loadAllGrammars } from './extraction';
export { ResolutionResult } from './resolution';
export {
  CodeGraphError,
  FileError,
  ParseError,
  DatabaseError,
  SearchError,
  VectorError,
  ConfigError,
  Logger,
  setLogger,
  getLogger,
  silentLogger,
  defaultLogger,
} from './errors';
export { Mutex, FileLock, processInBatches, debounce, throttle, MemoryMonitor } from './utils';
export { FileWatcher, WatchOptions, PendingFile, LockUnavailableError } from './sync';
export { MCPServer } from './mcp';

/**
 * Options for initializing a new CodeGraph project
 */
export interface InitOptions {
  /** Whether to run initial indexing after init */
  index?: boolean;

  /** Progress callback for indexing */
  onProgress?: (progress: IndexProgress) => void;
}

/**
 * Options for opening an existing CodeGraph project
 */
export interface OpenOptions {
  /** Whether to run sync if files have changed */
  sync?: boolean;

  /** Whether to run in read-only mode */
  readOnly?: boolean;
}

/**
 * Options for indexing
 */
export interface IndexOptions {
  /** Progress callback */
  onProgress?: (progress: IndexProgress) => void;

  /** Abort signal for cancellation */
  signal?: AbortSignal;

  /** Enable verbose logging (worker lifecycle, memory, timeouts) */
  verbose?: boolean;
}

/**
 * Main CodeGraph class
 *
 * Provides the primary interface for interacting with the code knowledge graph.
 */
export class CodeGraph {
  private db: DatabaseConnection;
  private queries: QueryBuilder;
  private projectRoot: string;
  // Assigned via wireLayers() from the constructor (and again on reopen) — the
  // `!` tells TS these are definitely set even though the assignment is one
  // method call away from the constructor body.
  private orchestrator!: ExtractionOrchestrator;
  private resolver!: ReferenceResolver;
  private graphManager!: GraphQueryManager;
  private traverser!: GraphTraverser;
  private contextBuilder!: ContextBuilder;

  // Mutex for preventing concurrent indexing operations (in-process)
  private indexMutex = new Mutex();

  // File lock for preventing concurrent writes across processes (CLI, MCP, git hooks)
  private fileLock: FileLock;

  // File watcher for auto-sync on file changes
  private watcher: FileWatcher | null = null;

  private constructor(
    db: DatabaseConnection,
    queries: QueryBuilder,
    projectRoot: string
  ) {
    this.db = db;
    this.queries = queries;
    this.projectRoot = projectRoot;
    this.fileLock = new FileLock(
      path.join(getCodeGraphDir(projectRoot), 'codegraph.lock')
    );
    this.wireLayers();
  }

  /**
   * (Re)build the query/extraction/graph layers over the current `this.queries`
   * (which wraps `this.db`). Factored out of the constructor so `reopenIfReplaced`
   * can rebuild them against a fresh connection without duplicating the wiring.
   * The path-based `fileLock` is independent of the DB handle, so it stays put.
   */
  private wireLayers(): void {
    // Down-weight the project name as a query term in search ranking — it names
    // the whole repo, not a symbol, so it has no discriminative value (#720).
    try {
      this.queries.setProjectNameTokens(deriveProjectNameTokens(this.projectRoot));
    } catch {
      // Best-effort: ranking still works without it.
    }
    this.orchestrator = new ExtractionOrchestrator(this.projectRoot, this.queries);
    this.resolver = createResolver(this.projectRoot, this.queries);
    this.graphManager = new GraphQueryManager(this.queries);
    this.traverser = new GraphTraverser(this.queries);
    this.contextBuilder = createContextBuilder(
      this.projectRoot,
      this.queries,
      this.traverser
    );
  }

  /**
   * Heal a stale database handle in place. If `.codegraph/` was removed and
   * recreated at the SAME path while this instance held the DB open — a git
   * worktree removed and re-added, or `rm -rf .codegraph` + `codegraph init` —
   * our open fd points at the now-unlinked inode and can never see the new
   * index, so every query returns the pre-removal snapshot until the process
   * restarts (#925). When that's detected, open the live file at the same path,
   * rebuild the query layers, and swap them IN PLACE, so every holder of this
   * instance (the MCP daemon's default project, cached projectPath connections)
   * heals without a restart. Returns true iff it reopened.
   *
   * POSIX-only in practice: `isReplacedOnDisk` never fires on Windows (an open
   * file can't be unlinked there, and st_ino is unreliable).
   */
  reopenIfReplaced(): boolean {
    if (!this.db.isReplacedOnDisk()) return false;
    const dbPath = this.db.getPath();
    // Open the live file FIRST — if that throws (e.g. mid-recreate), the old
    // handle stays in place and the caller retries on the next query, rather
    // than leaving this instance with no connection at all.
    const fresh = DatabaseConnection.open(dbPath);
    const stale = this.db;
    this.db = fresh;
    this.queries = new QueryBuilder(fresh.getDb());
    this.wireLayers();
    // Releasing the dead handle also frees the leaked db/-wal/-shm fds that were
    // pinning the unlinked inode (#925).
    try { stale.close(); } catch { /* the old inode is gone; closing just frees fds */ }
    return true;
  }

  // ===========================================================================
  // Lifecycle Methods
  // ===========================================================================

  /**
   * Initialize a new CodeGraph project
   *
   * Creates the .CodeGraph directory, database, and configuration.
   *
   * @param projectRoot - Path to the project root directory
   * @param options - Initialization options
   * @returns A new CodeGraph instance
   */
  static async init(projectRoot: string, options: InitOptions = {}): Promise<CodeGraph> {
    await initGrammars();
    const resolvedRoot = path.resolve(projectRoot);

    // Check if already initialized
    if (isInitialized(resolvedRoot)) {
      throw new Error(`CodeGraph already initialized in ${resolvedRoot}`);
    }

    // Create directory structure
    createDirectory(resolvedRoot);

    // Initialize database
    const dbPath = getDatabasePath(resolvedRoot);
    const db = DatabaseConnection.initialize(dbPath);
    const queries = new QueryBuilder(db.getDb());

    const instance = new CodeGraph(db, queries, resolvedRoot);

    // Run initial indexing if requested
    if (options.index) {
      await instance.indexAll({ onProgress: options.onProgress });
    }

    return instance;
  }

  /**
   * Initialize synchronously (without indexing)
   */
  static initSync(projectRoot: string): CodeGraph {
    const resolvedRoot = path.resolve(projectRoot);

    // Check if already initialized
    if (isInitialized(resolvedRoot)) {
      throw new Error(`CodeGraph already initialized in ${resolvedRoot}`);
    }

    // Create directory structure
    createDirectory(resolvedRoot);

    // Initialize database
    const dbPath = getDatabasePath(resolvedRoot);
    const db = DatabaseConnection.initialize(dbPath);
    const queries = new QueryBuilder(db.getDb());

    return new CodeGraph(db, queries, resolvedRoot);
  }

  /**
   * Open an existing CodeGraph project
   *
   * @param projectRoot - Path to the project root directory
   * @param options - Open options
   * @returns A CodeGraph instance
   */
  static async open(projectRoot: string, options: OpenOptions = {}): Promise<CodeGraph> {
    await initGrammars();
    const resolvedRoot = path.resolve(projectRoot);

    // Check if initialized
    if (!isInitialized(resolvedRoot)) {
      throw new Error(`CodeGraph not initialized in ${resolvedRoot}. Run init() first.`);
    }

    // Validate directory structure
    const validation = validateDirectory(resolvedRoot);
    if (!validation.valid) {
      throw new Error(`Invalid CodeGraph directory: ${validation.errors.join(', ')}`);
    }

    // Open database
    const dbPath = getDatabasePath(resolvedRoot);
    const db = DatabaseConnection.open(dbPath);
    const queries = new QueryBuilder(db.getDb());

    const instance = new CodeGraph(db, queries, resolvedRoot);

    // Sync if requested
    if (options.sync) {
      await instance.sync();
    }

    return instance;
  }

  /**
   * Rebuild the project's database from scratch and return a fresh, empty
   * instance — the "same result as a fresh init" semantics that `codegraph
   * index` documents.
   *
   * Unlike `open()` followed by `clear()`, this DISCARDS the existing
   * `.codegraph/codegraph.db` (and its `-wal`/`-shm` sidecars) before
   * re-initializing, instead of opening the old database and DELETE-ing every
   * row. On a large or pre-fix poisoned index — e.g. an old graph that scanned
   * an ignored gitlink corpus (#1065) into ~1.6M nodes with a multi-GB WAL —
   * the per-row `nodes_fts` delete-trigger churn blocks the main thread long
   * enough to trip the #850 liveness watchdog before indexing even starts, so a
   * full re-index could never recover the bad state (#1067). Discarding the
   * files is O(1) regardless of size, reclaims the disk, and sidesteps opening
   * (and running migrations against) the poisoned database entirely.
   */
  static async recreate(projectRoot: string): Promise<CodeGraph> {
    await initGrammars();
    const resolvedRoot = path.resolve(projectRoot);

    // Check if initialized — recreate REBUILDS an existing project; it is not a
    // first-time `init`.
    if (!isInitialized(resolvedRoot)) {
      throw new Error(`CodeGraph not initialized in ${resolvedRoot}. Run init() first.`);
    }

    const dbPath = getDatabasePath(resolvedRoot);
    try {
      removeDatabaseFiles(dbPath);
    } catch (err) {
      // POSIX unlinks an open file fine; this fires mainly on Windows when a
      // live daemon/MCP server still holds the database. Turn the raw EBUSY into
      // an actionable instruction instead of a generic failure.
      const reason = err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err);
      throw new Error(
        `Could not rebuild the index — the database file is in use (${reason}). ` +
          `Stop any running CodeGraph MCP server/daemon for this project and retry, ` +
          `or remove the ${getCodeGraphDir(resolvedRoot)} directory and run "codegraph init".`
      );
    }

    // Re-create an empty, freshly-schema'd database at the same path.
    const db = DatabaseConnection.initialize(dbPath);
    const queries = new QueryBuilder(db.getDb());

    return new CodeGraph(db, queries, resolvedRoot);
  }

  /**
   * Open synchronously (without sync)
   */
  static openSync(projectRoot: string): CodeGraph {
    const resolvedRoot = path.resolve(projectRoot);

    // Check if initialized
    if (!isInitialized(resolvedRoot)) {
      throw new Error(`CodeGraph not initialized in ${resolvedRoot}. Run init() first.`);
    }

    // Validate directory structure
    const validation = validateDirectory(resolvedRoot);
    if (!validation.valid) {
      throw new Error(`Invalid CodeGraph directory: ${validation.errors.join(', ')}`);
    }

    // Open database
    const dbPath = getDatabasePath(resolvedRoot);
    const db = DatabaseConnection.open(dbPath);
    const queries = new QueryBuilder(db.getDb());

    return new CodeGraph(db, queries, resolvedRoot);
  }

  /**
   * Check if a directory has been initialized as a CodeGraph project
   */
  static isInitialized(projectRoot: string): boolean {
    return isInitialized(path.resolve(projectRoot));
  }

  /**
   * Close the CodeGraph instance and release resources
   */
  close(): void {
    this.unwatch();
    // Release file lock if held
    this.fileLock.release();
    this.db.close();
  }

  /**
   * Get the project root directory
   */
  getProjectRoot(): string {
    return this.projectRoot;
  }

  // ===========================================================================
  // Indexing
  // ===========================================================================

  /**
   * Index all files in the project
   *
   * Uses a mutex to prevent concurrent indexing operations.
   */
  async indexAll(options: IndexOptions = {}): Promise<IndexResult> {
    return this.indexMutex.withLock(async () => {
      try {
        this.fileLock.acquire();
      } catch {
        return { success: false, filesIndexed: 0, filesSkipped: 0, filesErrored: 0, nodesCreated: 0, edgesCreated: 0, errors: [{ message: 'Could not acquire file lock - another process may be indexing', severity: 'error' as const }], durationMs: 0 };
      }
      // Defer WAL auto-checkpointing for the whole bulk run (#1231): the
      // default 1000-page interval re-writes hot pages into the main DB file
      // over and over — ~95% of all disk I/O during a bulk index, and a
      // 19+min → 45s difference on HDD-class storage. The valve bounds WAL
      // growth by backfilling PASSIVEly on a worker thread (never blocking
      // the writer or the #850 watchdog heartbeat); runMaintenance below does
      // the final fold-up before the interval is restored in the finally.
      // Kill switch: CODEGRAPH_NO_WAL_DEFER=1. Non-WAL journal modes (some
      // network filesystems) have no WAL to defer — skip.
      // Fast-init: on a COMPLETELY fresh DB, trade crash-durability for speed
      // during the bulk build (journal in memory, no fsync). Safe because the
      // DB is disposable until the index completes — index_state stays
      // 'indexing' and a crashed init is re-run from scratch; existing DBs
      // (re-index/sync) never take this path. Kill switch:
      // CODEGRAPH_NO_FAST_INIT=1 (same pattern as CODEGRAPH_NO_WAL_DEFER).
      const freshDb = this.queries.getNodeAndEdgeCount().nodes === 0;
      const fastInit = process.env.CODEGRAPH_NO_FAST_INIT !== '1' && freshDb;
      if (fastInit) {
        try {
          this.db.getDb().pragma('journal_mode = MEMORY');
          this.db.getDb().pragma('synchronous = OFF');
        } catch { /* keep WAL */ }
      }
      const deferWal = !fastInit && process.env.CODEGRAPH_NO_WAL_DEFER !== '1' && this.db.getJournalMode() === 'wal';
      let walValve: WalCheckpointValve | null = null;
      let priorAutocheckpoint = 1000;
      if (deferWal) {
        priorAutocheckpoint = this.db.getWalAutocheckpoint();
        this.db.setWalAutocheckpoint(0);
        walValve = new WalCheckpointValve(
          this.db,
          undefined,
          undefined,
          options.verbose ? (m) => console.log(`[wal-valve] ${m}`) : undefined
        );
        walValve.start();
      }
      try {
        const before = this.queries.getNodeAndEdgeCount();
        // Mark the index as in-flight BEFORE any writes: a run killed
        // mid-index (OOM, SIGKILL, the #850 liveness watchdog) leaves this
        // marker behind, so `codegraph status` can tell a truncated index
        // from a completed one instead of silently serving partial results.
        try { this.queries.setMetadata('index_state', 'indexing'); } catch { /* metadata is advisory */ }
        // Segment vocabulary starts empty and is repopulated by the node write
        // path as every file (re-)indexes below — so a full index is also the
        // orphan-cleanup pass for names deleted since the last one.
        try { this.queries.clearNameSegmentVocab(); } catch { /* vocab is advisory — never fail an index over it */ }
        // Bulk FTS mode for the mass-insert phase: drop the per-row FTS sync
        // triggers, rebuild nodes_fts once from the nodes table afterwards.
        // Crash inside the window is healed on the next DatabaseConnection.open.
        this.db.beginBulkNodeLoad();
        let result: IndexResult;
        try {
          result = await this.orchestrator.indexAll(
            options.onProgress,
            options.signal,
            options.verbose,
            walValve ? () => walValve!.backpressure() : undefined,
            // Store-writer offload is fresh-DB-only: with any pre-existing
            // data the store path must read (existing-file checks, cross-file
            // edge snapshots) and delete, which belongs on one thread.
            freshDb ? { dbPath: this.db.getPath(), fastInit } : null
          );
        } finally {
          this.db.endBulkNodeLoad();
        }

        // Fold the parse phase's WAL BEFORE the first post-parse reads
        // (resolver re-init and resolution both read on the main thread):
        // paging a bulk-write-sized WAL there is what blew the #850
        // watchdog's 60s window in the #1231 repro. Off-thread + awaited,
        // so the event loop keeps turning.
        if (walValve) await walValve.foldNow();

        // Re-detect frameworks now that the index is populated. The resolver
        // is constructed with createResolver() before any files exist, so
        // framework resolvers whose detect() consults the indexed file list
        // (e.g. UIKit/SwiftUI scanning for imports, swift-objc-bridge looking
        // for both Swift and ObjC files) all return false on that initial pass
        // and silently drop themselves. Re-initializing here gives them a
        // chance to see the actual project before resolution runs.
        if (result.success && result.filesIndexed > 0) {
          this.resolver.initialize();
          // Cross-file finalization (e.g. NestJS RouterModule prefixes). Runs
          // before resolution so updated names show up in subsequent reads.
          this.resolver.runPostExtract();
        }

        // Resolve references to create call/import/extends edges
        if (result.success && result.filesIndexed > 0) {
          // Get count without loading all refs into memory
          const unresolvedCount = this.queries.getUnresolvedReferencesCount();

          // Fast-init leaves the DB in memory-journal (rollback) mode, where
          // the parallel resolver pool's read connections would contend with
          // the main writer's exclusive commits. When the pool will actually
          // run (enough pending refs), restore WAL BEFORE resolution so
          // readers never block the writer; otherwise stay in the fast mode
          // until the finally — sequential resolution has no readers.
          if (fastInit && unresolvedCount >= minRefsForPool()) {
            try {
              this.db.getDb().pragma('synchronous = NORMAL');
              this.db.getDb().pragma('journal_mode = WAL');
            } catch { /* keep current mode; resolution still works sequentially */ }
          }

          options.onProgress?.({
            phase: 'resolving',
            current: 0,
            total: unresolvedCount,
          });

          await this.resolveReferencesBatched(
            (current, total) => {
              options.onProgress?.({
                phase: 'resolving',
                current,
                total,
              });
            },
            (done, totalPasses) => {
              options.onProgress?.({
                phase: 'linking',
                current: done,
                total: totalPasses,
              });
            }
          );

          // Second pass: chained calls whose method lives on a supertype the
          // receiver conforms to (protocol-extension / inherited / default-
          // interface). Needs the implements/extends edges the main pass just
          // built, so it runs after resolution (#750).
          const tChained = Date.now();
          await this.resolver.resolveChainedCallsViaConformance();
          if (process.env.CODEGRAPH_SYNTH_TIMINGS) console.error(`[synth-timing] chainedConformance: ${Date.now() - tChained}ms`);
          // Same lifecycle for `this.<member>` callback registrations whose
          // member is inherited from a supertype (#808).
          const tDeferred = Date.now();
          await this.resolver.resolveDeferredThisMemberRefs();
          if (process.env.CODEGRAPH_SYNTH_TIMINGS) console.error(`[synth-timing] deferredThisMember: ${Date.now() - tDeferred}ms`);
        }

        // Refresh planner stats + checkpoint the WAL after bulk writes.
        // Off-thread (worker connection): on a multi-GB index this is minutes
        // of IO, and inline it starved the #850 watchdog AFTER a fully
        // successful index. Never load-bearing for correctness.
        if (result.success && result.filesIndexed > 0) {
          const tMaint = Date.now();
          // Quiesce the valve first so its in-flight checkpoint and the
          // maintenance checkpoint don't contend for the checkpointer lock
          // (the loser would silently no-op and leave the WAL unfolded).
          if (walValve) { walValve.stop(); await walValve.drain(); }
          await this.db.runMaintenance();
          if (process.env.CODEGRAPH_SYNTH_TIMINGS) console.error(`[phase-timing] maintenance: ${Date.now() - tMaint}ms`);
        }

        // The orchestrator only sees extraction-phase counts; resolution and
        // synthesizer edges (often >50% of the graph on JVM repos) come later.
        // Recompute against the DB so the CLI summary reports the true totals.
        if (result.success && result.filesIndexed > 0) {
          const tCount = Date.now();
          const after = this.queries.getNodeAndEdgeCount();
          if (process.env.CODEGRAPH_SYNTH_TIMINGS) console.error(`[phase-timing] count-recompute: ${Date.now() - tCount}ms`);
          result.nodesCreated = after.nodes - before.nodes;
          result.edgesCreated = after.edges - before.edges;
        }

        // Stamp the index with the engine that built it, so `codegraph status`
        // and `codegraph upgrade` can recommend a re-index when the running
        // engine produces richer extraction than the one on disk. Only on a
        // real full index — a sync touches a subset, so it must NOT advance the
        // extraction stamp (the bulk would still be stale). See extraction-version.ts.
        if (result.success && result.filesIndexed > 0) {
          try {
            this.queries.setMetadata('indexed_with_version', CodeGraphPackageVersion);
            this.queries.setMetadata('indexed_with_extraction_version', String(EXTRACTION_VERSION));
          } catch { /* metadata is advisory — never fail an index over it */ }
        }

        // Reconcile the scan's ground truth against what the pipeline
        // accounted for. A shortfall means files were silently dropped
        // (observed in the wild: a run under heavy load came up 37 files
        // short with no error) — record it and tell the user, don't let the
        // index pass as complete.
        try {
          if (!result.success) {
            this.queries.setMetadata('index_state', 'failed');
          } else {
            const accounted = result.filesIndexed + result.filesSkipped + result.filesErrored;
            const discovered = result.filesDiscovered;
            const shortfall = discovered !== undefined ? discovered - accounted : 0;
            if (discovered !== undefined && shortfall > 0) {
              this.queries.setMetadata('index_state', 'partial');
              this.queries.setMetadata('index_files_discovered', String(discovered));
              this.queries.setMetadata('index_files_accounted', String(accounted));
              result.errors.push({
                message: `Index is missing ${shortfall} of ${discovered} discovered files (indexed ${result.filesIndexed}, skipped ${result.filesSkipped}, errored ${result.filesErrored}). The index is PARTIAL — re-run \`codegraph index\`.`,
                severity: 'warning',
                code: 'index_partial',
              });
            } else {
              this.queries.setMetadata('index_state', 'complete');
              if (discovered !== undefined) {
                this.queries.setMetadata('index_files_discovered', String(discovered));
                this.queries.setMetadata('index_files_accounted', String(accounted));
              }
            }
          }
        } catch { /* metadata is advisory — never fail an index over it */ }

        return result;
      } finally {
        // Restore the auto-checkpoint interval AFTER the fold-up above so the
        // next ordinary write doesn't inherit a giant inline checkpoint. On
        // the error path the WAL may still be large; correctness is unchanged
        // (SQLite replays the WAL on the next open) and the follow-up write
        // that folds it is the known cost of a failed run.
        if (walValve) { walValve.stop(); await walValve.drain(); }
        if (deferWal) {
          try { this.db.setWalAutocheckpoint(priorAutocheckpoint); } catch { /* connection may be closing */ }
        }
        if (fastInit) {
          // Back to the durable defaults; journal_mode=WAL folds the MEMORY
          // journal state into a normal WAL-mode database file.
          try {
            this.db.getDb().pragma('synchronous = NORMAL');
            this.db.getDb().pragma('journal_mode = WAL');
          } catch { /* connection may be closing */ }
        }
        this.fileLock.release();
      }
    });
  }

  /**
   * Index specific files
   *
   * Uses a mutex to prevent concurrent indexing operations.
   */
  async indexFiles(filePaths: string[]): Promise<IndexResult> {
    return this.indexMutex.withLock(async () => {
      try {
        this.fileLock.acquire();
      } catch {
        return { success: false, filesIndexed: 0, filesSkipped: 0, filesErrored: 0, nodesCreated: 0, edgesCreated: 0, errors: [{ message: 'Could not acquire file lock - another process may be indexing', severity: 'error' as const }], durationMs: 0 };
      }
      try {
        return this.orchestrator.indexFiles(filePaths);
      } finally {
        this.fileLock.release();
      }
    });
  }

  /**
   * Sync with current file state (incremental update)
   *
   * Uses a mutex to prevent concurrent indexing operations.
   */
  async sync(options: IndexOptions = {}): Promise<SyncResult> {
    return this.indexMutex.withLock(async () => {
      try {
        this.fileLock.acquire();
      } catch {
        return { filesChecked: 0, filesAdded: 0, filesModified: 0, filesRemoved: 0, nodesUpdated: 0, durationMs: 0 };
      }
      // Defer WAL auto-checkpointing for the whole incremental run, exactly
      // as indexAll does for the bulk path (#1231): sync's store loop and its
      // resolution passes churn the same FTS + secondary-index hot pages, and
      // at the default 1000-page cadence the inline checkpoints re-write them
      // over and over — on HDD-class storage a 7-file sync took 2 minutes at
      // 0-2% CPU (#1248). The cost scales with the EXISTING database size,
      // not the change size, so small syncs on big indexes hurt most. The
      // valve bounds WAL growth off-thread; runMaintenance at the end does
      // the final fold-up before the interval is restored in the finally.
      // Same kill switch as indexAll: CODEGRAPH_NO_WAL_DEFER=1. Idle valve
      // cost is one timer, so watcher-frequency syncs stay cheap.
      const deferWal = process.env.CODEGRAPH_NO_WAL_DEFER !== '1' && this.db.getJournalMode() === 'wal';
      let walValve: WalCheckpointValve | null = null;
      let priorAutocheckpoint = 1000;
      if (deferWal) {
        priorAutocheckpoint = this.db.getWalAutocheckpoint();
        this.db.setWalAutocheckpoint(0);
        walValve = new WalCheckpointValve(
          this.db,
          undefined,
          undefined,
          options.verbose ? (m) => console.log(`[wal-valve] ${m}`) : undefined
        );
        walValve.start();
      }
      try {
        // Captured BEFORE the sync runs: the sync's own incremental writes
        // populate vocab rows for the files it touches, so an end-of-sync
        // emptiness check would see "non-empty" and skip the backfill forever,
        // leaving every unchanged file's names unsegmented.
        const vocabWasEmpty = (() => {
          try { return this.queries.isNameSegmentVocabEmpty(); } catch { return false; }
        })();

        const result = await this.orchestrator.sync(options.onProgress);

        // Fold the store phase's WAL BEFORE the post-store reads below
        // (resolution reads on the main thread) — same rationale as
        // indexAll's fold between store and resolution.
        if (walValve) await walValve.foldNow();

        // Cross-file finalization (e.g. NestJS RouterModule prefixes). Run on
        // every sync that touched files so edits to `app.module.ts` propagate
        // to controllers in unchanged files. The pass is idempotent and cheap
        // (regex over *.module.ts only).
        if (result.filesAdded > 0 || result.filesModified > 0) {
          this.resolver.runPostExtract();
        } else if (result.filesRemoved > 0) {
          // A pure-removal sync still resolves refs below — the deletion path
          // resurrects the removed file's incoming edges as pending refs
          // (#1240 removal case) and the orphan sweep consumes them. In a
          // long-lived process (daemon) the resolver's name caches were
          // warmed against the pre-removal graph; drop them so resolution
          // sees the post-removal state. (runPostExtract above clears caches
          // itself, so the changed-files branch is already covered.)
          this.resolver.clearCaches();
        }

        // Resolve references if files were updated
        const filesChanged = result.filesAdded > 0 || result.filesModified > 0;
        if (filesChanged) {
          if (result.changedFilePaths) {
            // Scope resolution to changed files (git fast path — bounded set)
            const tRefLoad = Date.now();
            const unresolvedRefs = this.queries.getUnresolvedReferencesByFiles(result.changedFilePaths);
            if (process.env.CODEGRAPH_SYNTH_TIMINGS) console.error(`[phase-timing] sync-ref-load: ${Date.now() - tRefLoad}ms (${unresolvedRefs.length} refs)`);

            options.onProgress?.({
              phase: 'resolving',
              current: 0,
              total: unresolvedRefs.length,
            });

            this.resolver.resolveAndPersist(unresolvedRefs, (current, total) => {
              options.onProgress?.({
                phase: 'resolving',
                current,
                total,
              });
            });

            // Retry previously-failed refs the changed files may now satisfy
            // (#1240). Scoped resolution above only re-resolves refs FROM the
            // changed files — but when a changed file gains an export/symbol,
            // refs in UNCHANGED files that failed against the old graph can
            // now resolve, and nothing else ever revisits them (their rows
            // were parked as status='failed' by an earlier completed pass).
            // Look them up by the symbol names the changed files now carry
            // and re-resolve just that set. On a sync where no failed ref
            // matches, this is one indexed lookup.
            const tRetry = Date.now();
            const retryable = this.queries.getRetryableFailedReferences(
              this.queries.getNodeNamesByFiles(result.changedFilePaths)
            );
            if (retryable.length > 0) {
              options.onProgress?.({
                phase: 'resolving',
                current: 0,
                total: retryable.length,
              });
              await this.resolver.resolveAndPersistListYielding(retryable);
              options.onProgress?.({
                phase: 'resolving',
                current: retryable.length,
                total: retryable.length,
              });
            }
            if (process.env.CODEGRAPH_SYNTH_TIMINGS) console.error(`[phase-timing] sync-failed-ref-retry: ${Date.now() - tRetry}ms (${retryable.length} refs)`);
          } else {
            // No git info — use batched resolution to avoid OOM
            const unresolvedCount = this.queries.getUnresolvedReferencesCount();

            options.onProgress?.({
              phase: 'resolving',
              current: 0,
              total: unresolvedCount,
            });

            await this.resolveReferencesBatched(
              (current, total) => {
                options.onProgress?.({
                  phase: 'resolving',
                  current,
                  total,
                });
              },
              (done, totalPasses) => {
                options.onProgress?.({
                  phase: 'linking',
                  current: done,
                  total: totalPasses,
                });
              }
            );
          }
        }

        // Orphan sweep (#1187). A resolution pass that dies mid-run — the #850
        // daemon liveness watchdog's SIGKILL (#1122), Ctrl-C, a crash — leaves
        // the refs it never reached in unresolved_refs, and the git-scoped fast
        // path above never revisits them (it reads only the changed files'
        // rows). Those files' call edges were then missing PERMANENTLY, with
        // nothing to see except a too-small blast radius, until a full
        // re-index. A completed pass takes every row it processed out of the
        // PENDING set (resolved rows are deleted, unresolvable ones parked as
        // status='failed' for the #1240 retry above), so any pending row now
        // is such an orphan — or a row from an older engine's scoped pass.
        // Grind them down with the batched resolver; this also makes a bare
        // `codegraph sync` the recovery command for a wedged index. On a
        // healthy index this is one COUNT query.
        const orphanCount = this.queries.getUnresolvedReferencesCount();
        if (orphanCount > 0) {
          options.onProgress?.({
            phase: 'resolving',
            current: 0,
            total: orphanCount,
          });

          await this.resolveReferencesBatched(
            (current, total) => {
              options.onProgress?.({
                phase: 'resolving',
                current,
                total,
              });
            },
            (done, totalPasses) => {
              options.onProgress?.({
                phase: 'linking',
                current: done,
                total: totalPasses,
              });
            }
          );
        }

        if (filesChanged || orphanCount > 0) {
          // Second pass: chained calls whose method lives on a supertype the
          // receiver conforms to (protocol-extension / inherited). Needs the
          // implements/extends edges built above (#750).
          await this.resolver.resolveChainedCallsViaConformance();
          // Same lifecycle for `this.<member>` callback registrations whose
          // member is inherited from a supertype (#808).
          await this.resolver.resolveDeferredThisMemberRefs();
        }

        // Refresh planner stats + checkpoint the WAL after bulk writes.
        // Off-thread — see indexAll's call site.
        if (filesChanged || result.filesRemoved > 0 || orphanCount > 0) {
          await this.db.runMaintenance();
        }

        // Heal the segment vocabulary on indexes built before the table
        // existed (upgrade path): incremental writes above only cover changed
        // files, so a vocab that was empty when this sync STARTED means the
        // bulk was never segmented — backfill it (INSERT OR IGNORE, so the
        // rows the sync just wrote are fine). Batched + yielding — sync can
        // run on the daemon's liveness-watchdog thread (#850/#1091).
        try {
          if (vocabWasEmpty && this.queries.getNodeAndEdgeCount().nodes > 0) {
            await this.rebuildNameSegmentVocab();
          }
        } catch { /* vocab is advisory — never fail a sync over it */ }

        return result;
      } finally {
        // Mirror indexAll's teardown: stop the valve, then restore the
        // auto-checkpoint interval (runMaintenance above already folded the
        // WAL on the success path; on the error path SQLite replays it on
        // the next open).
        if (walValve) { walValve.stop(); await walValve.drain(); }
        if (deferWal) {
          try { this.db.setWalAutocheckpoint(priorAutocheckpoint); } catch { /* connection may be closing */ }
        }
        this.fileLock.release();
      }
    });
  }

  /**
   * Check if an indexing operation is currently in progress
   */
  isIndexing(): boolean {
    return this.indexMutex.isLocked();
  }

  // ===========================================================================
  // File Watching
  // ===========================================================================

  /**
   * Start watching for file changes and auto-syncing.
   *
   * Uses native OS file events (FSEvents on macOS, inotify on Linux 19+,
   * ReadDirectoryChangesW on Windows) with debouncing to avoid thrashing.
   *
   * @param options - Watch options (debounce delay, callbacks)
   * @returns true if watching started successfully
   */
  watch(options: WatchOptions = {}): boolean {
    if (this.watcher?.isActive()) return true;

    this.watcher = new FileWatcher(
      this.projectRoot,
      async () => {
        const result = await this.sync();
        // sync() returns this exact zero-shape iff it failed to acquire the
        // file lock (a real empty sync always has filesChecked > 0 because
        // scanDirectory ran). Surface that to the watcher as a typed error
        // so it keeps pendingFiles + reschedules instead of clearing them
        // (#449).
        if (result.filesChecked === 0 && result.durationMs === 0) {
          throw new LockUnavailableError();
        }
        const filesChanged = result.filesAdded + result.filesModified + result.filesRemoved;
        return { filesChanged, durationMs: result.durationMs };
      },
      options
    );

    return this.watcher.start();
  }

  /**
   * Stop watching for file changes.
   */
  unwatch(): void {
    if (this.watcher) {
      this.watcher.stop();
      this.watcher = null;
    }
  }

  /**
   * Check if the file watcher is active.
   */
  isWatching(): boolean {
    return this.watcher?.isActive() ?? false;
  }

  /**
   * True once live watching has permanently degraded (OS watch-resource
   * exhaustion, or a write lock held past the retry budget) and auto-sync is
   * disabled until the next {@link watch} call. Distinct from `!isWatching()`:
   * a stopped/never-started watcher is inactive but NOT degraded. MCP tools use
   * this to surface a whole-index "results may be stale" notice, since
   * `getPendingFiles()` goes empty once watching stops (#876).
   */
  isWatcherDegraded(): boolean {
    return this.watcher?.isDegraded() ?? false;
  }

  /** The reason live watching degraded, or null if it is healthy (#876). */
  getWatcherDegradedReason(): string | null {
    return this.watcher?.getDegradedReason() ?? null;
  }

  /**
   * Files seen by the file watcher since the last successful sync —
   * the per-file "stale" signal MCP tools attach to responses so an agent
   * can fall back to {@link Read} for just the affected file without
   * waiting for a debounced sync to complete (issue #403).
   *
   * Returns an empty list when the watcher isn't active, or no events have
   * arrived. Each entry includes `firstSeenMs` and `lastSeenMs` (wall-clock
   * `Date.now()` values) so callers can render "edited Nms ago", plus an
   * `indexing` flag indicating whether the in-flight sync (if any) will
   * absorb that file.
   */
  getPendingFiles(): PendingFile[] {
    return this.watcher?.getPendingFiles() ?? [];
  }

  /**
   * Resolves once the file watcher has installed its watch set. Useful for
   * tests that need a deterministic boundary before asserting on
   * `getPendingFiles()`. Resolves immediately when no watcher is active.
   */
  waitUntilWatcherReady(timeoutMs?: number): Promise<void> {
    return this.watcher ? this.watcher.waitUntilReady(timeoutMs) : Promise.resolve();
  }

  /**
   * Get files that have changed since last index
   */
  getChangedFiles(): { added: string[]; modified: string[]; removed: string[] } {
    return this.orchestrator.getChangedFiles();
  }

  /**
   * Most recent index timestamp (ms since epoch) across all tracked files, or
   * null when nothing is indexed yet. Lets library consumers check index
   * freshness without shelling out to `codegraph status --json`. (#329)
   */
  getLastIndexedAt(): number | null {
    return this.queries.getLastIndexedAt();
  }

  /**
   * Completeness of the last full index run. `'complete'` is the only good
   * state. `'indexing'` after the fact means a run was killed mid-index (OOM,
   * SIGKILL, liveness watchdog) and the on-disk index is truncated;
   * `'partial'` means the run finished but silently dropped files
   * (discovered > indexed+skipped+errored); `'failed'` means it reported
   * failure. `null` = index predates this marker. Surfaced by
   * `codegraph status`.
   */
  getIndexState(): 'indexing' | 'complete' | 'partial' | 'failed' | null {
    const raw = this.queries.getMetadata('index_state');
    return raw === 'indexing' || raw === 'complete' || raw === 'partial' || raw === 'failed'
      ? raw
      : null;
  }

  /**
   * Which engine built the current index: the package version + extraction
   * version stamped at the last full `indexAll`. Either field is null for an
   * index built before stamping existed (treated as stale). See
   * `extraction-version.ts` and `isIndexStale()`.
   */
  getIndexBuildInfo(): { version: string | null; extractionVersion: number | null } {
    const version = this.queries.getMetadata('indexed_with_version');
    const ev = this.queries.getMetadata('indexed_with_extraction_version');
    const parsed = ev != null ? parseInt(ev, 10) : NaN;
    return { version, extractionVersion: Number.isFinite(parsed) ? parsed : null };
  }

  /**
   * True when the on-disk index was built by an engine whose extraction is
   * older than the one now running — i.e. a re-index would add data a migration
   * can't backfill. False when there's no index yet (nothing to refresh) or the
   * stamp is current. This is the signal behind `codegraph status`'s re-index
   * hint and `codegraph upgrade`'s reminder.
   */
  isIndexStale(): boolean {
    if (this.queries.getLastIndexedAt() == null) return false;
    const { extractionVersion } = this.getIndexBuildInfo();
    return extractionVersion == null || extractionVersion < EXTRACTION_VERSION;
  }

  /**
   * Extract nodes and edges from source code (without storing)
   */
  extractFromSource(filePath: string, source: string): ExtractionResult {
    return extractFromSource(filePath, source);
  }

  // ===========================================================================
  // Reference Resolution
  // ===========================================================================

  /**
   * Resolve unresolved references and create edges
   *
   * This method takes unresolved references from extraction and attempts
   * to resolve them using multiple strategies:
   * - Framework-specific patterns (React, Express, Laravel)
   * - Import-based resolution
   * - Name-based symbol matching
   */
  resolveReferences(onProgress?: (current: number, total: number) => void): ResolutionResult {
    // Get all unresolved references from the database
    const unresolvedRefs = this.queries.getUnresolvedReferences();
    return this.resolver.resolveAndPersist(unresolvedRefs, onProgress);
  }

  /**
   * Resolve references in batches to keep memory bounded on large codebases.
   * Processes chunks of unresolved refs, persisting results after each batch.
   */
  async resolveReferencesBatched(
    onProgress?: (current: number, total: number) => void,
    onSynthesisProgress?: (done: number, total: number) => void
  ): Promise<ResolutionResult> {
    return this.resolver.resolveAndPersistBatched(onProgress, undefined, onSynthesisProgress, {
      dbPath: this.db.getPath(),
    });
  }

  /**
   * References extracted but never attempted by a resolution pass. Zero on a
   * healthy index — a completed pass consumes every pending row (resolving it
   * or parking it as failed, #1240). Non-zero at rest means a pass was
   * interrupted mid-run (killed indexer, crash — #1187), so some files' call
   * edges are missing; the next `sync` sweeps them.
   */
  getPendingReferenceCount(): number {
    return this.queries.getUnresolvedReferencesCount();
  }

  /**
   * Get detected frameworks in the project
   */
  getDetectedFrameworks(): string[] {
    return this.resolver.getDetectedFrameworks();
  }

  /**
   * Re-initialize the resolver (useful after adding new files)
   */
  reinitializeResolver(): void {
    this.resolver.initialize();
  }

  // ===========================================================================
  // Graph Statistics
  // ===========================================================================

  /**
   * Get statistics about the knowledge graph
   */
  getStats(): GraphStats {
    const stats = this.queries.getStats();
    stats.dbSizeBytes = this.db.getSize();
    return stats;
  }

  /**
   * Active SQLite backend for this project's connection (`node-sqlite` — Node's
   * built-in real-SQLite module). Surfaced via `codegraph status` and the
   * `codegraph_status` MCP tool alongside the effective journal mode.
   */
  getBackend(): import('./db').SqliteBackend {
    return this.db.getBackend();
  }

  /**
   * The journal mode actually in effect ('wal', 'delete', …). 'wal' means
   * readers never block on a concurrent writer; anything else means they can,
   * which is the precondition for the "database is locked" failures in issue
   * #238. Surfaced via `codegraph status` and the `codegraph_status` MCP tool.
   */
  getJournalMode(): string {
    return this.db.getJournalMode();
  }

  // ===========================================================================
  // Node Operations
  // ===========================================================================

  /**
   * Get a node by ID
   */
  getNode(id: string): Node | null {
    return this.queries.getNodeById(id);
  }

  /**
   * Get all nodes in a file
   */
  getNodesInFile(filePath: string): Node[] {
    return this.queries.getNodesByFile(filePath);
  }

  /**
   * Get all nodes of a specific kind
   */
  getNodesByKind(kind: Node['kind']): Node[] {
    return this.queries.getNodesByKind(kind);
  }

  /**
   * Get ALL nodes with an exact name (direct index lookup, not FTS-ranked/capped).
   * Used to enumerate every overload of a heavily-overloaded name so the specific
   * definition the caller wants is never dropped below a search cut.
   */
  getNodesByName(name: string): Node[] {
    return this.queries.getNodesByName(name);
  }

  /** Nodes whose name starts with `prefix` (index range scan, capped). */
  getNodesByNamePrefix(prefix: string, limit = 20): Node[] {
    return this.queries.getNodesByNamePrefix(prefix, limit);
  }

  /**
   * Nodes whose name CONTAINS `substring` (LIKE scan, ASCII-case-insensitive,
   * shortest-first). The camel-infix lookup FTS can't do — `profileInfo`
   * inside `getProfileInfoV2` is one FTS token (#1196).
   */
  getNodesByNameSubstring(
    substring: string,
    options: { kinds?: NodeKind[]; limit?: number; excludePrefix?: boolean } = {}
  ): Node[] {
    return this.queries
      .findNodesByNameSubstring(substring, options)
      .map((r) => r.node);
  }

  /**
   * Search nodes by text
   */
  searchNodes(query: string, options?: SearchOptions): SearchResult[] {
    return this.queries.searchNodes(query, options);
  }

  /**
   * Graph-derived prompt matching for the front-load hook's MEDIUM tier:
   * which indexed symbols do these prose words name? "state machine des
   * commandes" → `OrderStateMachine`, in any human language whose technical
   * nouns are Latin script — no keyword list involved.
   *
   * Precision comes from the repo's own naming statistics, not vocabulary:
   * - CO-OCCURRENCE: ≥2 words that are segments of the SAME name ("state" +
   *   "machine" → OrderStateMachine) is strong evidence and always qualifies.
   * - RARITY: a single matched word qualifies only when its segment is
   *   discriminative here (≤ {@link SEGMENT_RARITY_CEILING} distinct names) —
   *   "checkout" in a shop backend yes, "state" in a react app no.
   * Every candidate is re-verified against `nodes` before being returned
   * (vocab rows are proposals; deletions leave orphans by design), so a
   * returned symbol is guaranteed to exist right now.
   */
  getSegmentMatches(words: string[], limit: number = 6): SegmentMatch[] {
    if (words.length === 0) return [];
    // Variant → original word (plural folding), for coverage accounting.
    const variantToWord = new Map<string, string>();
    for (const word of words) {
      for (const variant of segmentLookupVariants(word)) {
        if (!variantToWord.has(variant)) variantToWord.set(variant, word);
      }
    }
    const variants = [...variantToWord.keys()];

    // Tier A: co-occurrence. The SQL folds variants back to their original
    // word (#1146), so minWords=2 means two distinct PROMPT WORDS — a name
    // matching both `service` and `services` can't tie with (or crowd past
    // the LIMIT) a genuine two-word match. The JS re-check below recomputes
    // the fold from live segments as the honesty layer.
    const variantPairs = [...variantToWord.entries()].map(([segment, word]) => ({ segment, word }));
    const candidates: Array<{ name: string; matchedWords: Set<string> }> = [];
    for (const hit of this.queries.getSegmentCoOccurrence(variantPairs, 2, 24)) {
      const matched = this.wordsMatchingName(hit.name, variantToWord);
      if (matched.size >= 2) candidates.push({ name: hit.name, matchedWords: matched });
    }

    // Tier B: single rare word. Only when co-occurrence found nothing — a
    // co-occurring name is categorically stronger evidence — and under
    // stricter rules, because one word is thin: the word must be ≥5 chars
    // (measured FPs: "this", "typo"); the segment must appear in AT LEAST TWO
    // names (a concept the codebase is about clusters across names —
    // CheckoutService/CheckoutController — while a prose coincidence is a
    // singleton: measured FP "deploy to PRODUCTION" → the one name
    // matchesNonProductionDir); and the candidate name must have ≥2 segments
    // (a bare common verb matching a bare function name — "write" → `write` —
    // is prose coincidence, not the user naming a symbol).
    if (candidates.length === 0) {
      const singleWordVariants = variants.filter((v) => variantToWord.get(v)!.length >= 5);
      const counts = this.queries.getSegmentNameCounts(singleWordVariants);
      const rare = [...counts.entries()]
        .filter(([, n]) => n >= 2 && n <= CodeGraph.SEGMENT_RARITY_CEILING)
        .sort((a, b) => a[1] - b[1])
        .slice(0, 2);
      for (const [variant] of rare) {
        const word = variantToWord.get(variant)!;
        for (const name of this.queries.getNamesForSegment(variant, 12)) {
          if (splitIdentifierSegments(name).length < 2) continue;
          candidates.push({ name, matchedWords: new Set([word]) });
        }
      }
    }

    // Verify against nodes (the honesty gate) and pick a representative
    // definition per name. A name whose only nodes are file/import kind has
    // no real definition to point at — surfacing the import statement instead
    // reads as a matched symbol but isn't one (#1144) — so it's skipped, the
    // same way an orphaned vocab row is. (Import names no longer enter the
    // vocab at write time, but rows written before that exclusion persist
    // until the next full index.)
    const out: SegmentMatch[] = [];
    const seen = new Set<string>();
    candidates.sort((a, b) => b.matchedWords.size - a.matchedWords.size || a.name.length - b.name.length);
    for (const candidate of candidates) {
      if (out.length >= limit) break;
      if (seen.has(candidate.name)) continue;
      seen.add(candidate.name);
      const nodes = this.queries.getNodesByName(candidate.name);
      if (nodes.length === 0) continue; // orphaned vocab row — name no longer exists
      const rep = nodes.find((n) => n.kind !== 'file' && n.kind !== 'import');
      if (!rep) continue; // no real definition — don't surface an import/file as one
      out.push({
        name: candidate.name,
        kind: rep.kind,
        filePath: rep.filePath,
        startLine: rep.startLine ?? 0,
        matchedWords: [...candidate.matchedWords].sort(),
      });
    }
    return out;
  }

  /** A single word ("state") can match hundreds of names in a big repo — that
   *  is noise, not signal. Ceiling for the single-word tier; co-occurrence is
   *  exempt because two words on one name is already discriminative. */
  private static readonly SEGMENT_RARITY_CEILING = 25;

  /** Which of the prompt's original words match `name`'s segments (via
   *  variants). Segments are recomputed in JS — a name-keyed vocab lookup
   *  would scan the (segment, name) primary key. */
  private wordsMatchingName(name: string, variantToWord: Map<string, string>): Set<string> {
    const segments = new Set(splitIdentifierSegments(name));
    const matched = new Set<string>();
    for (const [variant, word] of variantToWord) {
      if (segments.has(variant)) matched.add(word);
    }
    return matched;
  }

  /**
   * One-shot upgrade heal for callers that open the graph WITHOUT syncing —
   * concretely the prompt hook, whose MEDIUM tier reads the segment
   * vocabulary: a database migrated from before the vocab table existed
   * starts with it empty, and the only other backfill lives inside `sync()`,
   * which such callers never run (#1142). Returns true when the vocab is
   * usable (already populated — the overwhelmingly common one-SELECT case —
   * or healed here); false when it isn't (empty graph, or another process
   * holds the index lock — that process's own sync heals it).
   */
  async healSegmentVocabIfEmpty(): Promise<boolean> {
    const empty = (() => {
      try { return this.queries.isNameSegmentVocabEmpty(); } catch { return false; }
    })();
    if (!empty) return true;
    if (this.queries.getNodeAndEdgeCount().nodes === 0) return false;
    return this.indexMutex.withLock(async () => {
      try {
        this.fileLock.acquire();
      } catch {
        return false; // an index/sync is running — it backfills the vocab itself
      }
      try {
        if (!this.queries.isNameSegmentVocabEmpty()) return true; // raced: healed meanwhile
        await this.rebuildNameSegmentVocab();
        return true;
      } finally {
        this.fileLock.release();
      }
    });
  }

  /**
   * Rebuild the segment vocabulary from the current graph, batched and
   * yielding — the upgrade-heal path for indexes built before the vocab table
   * existed. Runs inside the index mutex/lock (sync and
   * healSegmentVocabIfEmpty hold them).
   */
  private async rebuildNameSegmentVocab(): Promise<void> {
    const maybeYield = createYielder();
    const BATCH = 2000;
    for (let offset = 0; ; offset += BATCH) {
      const names = this.queries.getDistinctNodeNames(BATCH, offset);
      if (names.length === 0) break;
      this.queries.insertNameSegmentsBatch(names);
      await maybeYield();
    }
  }

  /**
   * Normalized project-name tokens (go.mod / package.json / repo dir) used to
   * down-weight the non-discriminative project name in search ranking (#720).
   * Exposed so explore can exclude it from the PascalCase type-disambiguation
   * bias, which would otherwise pull overloaded tokens toward whichever stack
   * embeds the project name.
   */
  getProjectNameTokens(): Set<string> {
    return this.queries.getProjectNameTokens();
  }

  /**
   * Find the project's "primary route file" — the file with the densest
   * concentration of framework-emitted `route` nodes (≥3 routes, ≥30%
   * of all non-test routes). Used to inline the routing config in
   * `codegraph_explore` responses on small realworld template repos
   * (rails-realworld, laravel-realworld, drupal-admintoolbar, …) where
   * Glob+Read of `routes.rb`/`urls.py`/etc. otherwise beats codegraph.
   */
  getTopRouteFile(): { filePath: string; routeCount: number; totalRoutes: number } | null {
    return this.queries.getTopRouteFile();
  }

  /**
   * Build a URL → handler routing manifest from the index. Each entry
   * pairs a route node (URL + method) with its handler function/method
   * via the `references` edge that framework resolvers emit. Returns
   * null when fewer than 3 valid (non-test) routes exist.
   */
  getRoutingManifest(limit?: number): {
    entries: Array<{ url: string; handler: string; handlerFile: string; handlerLine: number; handlerKind: string }>;
    topHandlerFile: string | null;
    topHandlerFileCount: number;
    totalRoutes: number;
  } | null {
    return this.queries.getRoutingManifest(limit);
  }

  // ===========================================================================
  // Edge Operations
  // ===========================================================================

  /**
   * Get outgoing edges from a node
   */
  getOutgoingEdges(nodeId: string): Edge[] {
    return this.queries.getOutgoingEdges(nodeId);
  }

  /**
   * Get incoming edges to a node
   */
  getIncomingEdges(nodeId: string): Edge[] {
    return this.queries.getIncomingEdges(nodeId);
  }

  // ===========================================================================
  // File Operations
  // ===========================================================================

  /**
   * Get a file record by path
   */
  getFile(filePath: string): FileRecord | null {
    return this.queries.getFileByPath(filePath);
  }

  /**
   * Get all tracked files
   */
  getFiles(): FileRecord[] {
    return this.queries.getAllFiles();
  }

  // ===========================================================================
  // Graph Query Methods
  // ===========================================================================

  /**
   * Get the context for a node (ancestors, children, references)
   *
   * Returns comprehensive context about a node including its containment
   * hierarchy, children, incoming/outgoing references, type information,
   * and relevant imports.
   *
   * @param nodeId - ID of the focal node
   * @returns Context object with all related information
   */
  getContext(nodeId: string): Context {
    return this.graphManager.getContext(nodeId);
  }

  /**
   * Traverse the graph from a starting node
   *
   * Uses breadth-first search by default. Supports filtering by edge types,
   * node types, and traversal direction.
   *
   * @param startId - Starting node ID
   * @param options - Traversal options
   * @returns Subgraph containing traversed nodes and edges
   */
  traverse(startId: string, options?: TraversalOptions): Subgraph {
    return this.traverser.traverseBFS(startId, options);
  }

  /**
   * Get the call graph for a function
   *
   * Returns both callers (functions that call this function) and
   * callees (functions called by this function) up to the specified depth.
   *
   * @param nodeId - ID of the function/method node
   * @param depth - Maximum depth in each direction (default: 2)
   * @returns Subgraph containing the call graph
   */
  getCallGraph(nodeId: string, depth: number = 2): Subgraph {
    return this.traverser.getCallGraph(nodeId, depth);
  }

  /**
   * Get the type hierarchy for a class/interface
   *
   * Returns both ancestors (types this extends/implements) and
   * descendants (types that extend/implement this).
   *
   * @param nodeId - ID of the class/interface node
   * @returns Subgraph containing the type hierarchy
   */
  getTypeHierarchy(nodeId: string): Subgraph {
    return this.traverser.getTypeHierarchy(nodeId);
  }

  /**
   * Find all usages of a symbol
   *
   * Returns all nodes that reference the specified symbol through
   * any edge type (calls, references, type_of, etc.).
   *
   * @param nodeId - ID of the symbol node
   * @returns Array of nodes and edges that reference this symbol
   */
  findUsages(nodeId: string): Array<{ node: Node; edge: Edge }> {
    return this.traverser.findUsages(nodeId);
  }

  /**
   * Get callers of a function/method
   *
   * @param nodeId - ID of the function/method node
   * @param maxDepth - Maximum depth to traverse (default: 1)
   * @returns Array of nodes that call this function
   */
  getCallers(nodeId: string, maxDepth: number = 1): Array<{ node: Node; edge: Edge }> {
    return this.traverser.getCallers(nodeId, maxDepth);
  }

  /**
   * Get callees of a function/method
   *
   * @param nodeId - ID of the function/method node
   * @param maxDepth - Maximum depth to traverse (default: 1)
   * @returns Array of nodes called by this function
   */
  getCallees(nodeId: string, maxDepth: number = 1): Array<{ node: Node; edge: Edge }> {
    return this.traverser.getCallees(nodeId, maxDepth);
  }

  /**
   * Calculate the impact radius of a node
   *
   * Returns all nodes that could be affected by changes to this node.
   *
   * @param nodeId - ID of the node
   * @param maxDepth - Maximum depth to traverse (default: 3)
   * @returns Subgraph containing potentially impacted nodes
   */
  getImpactRadius(nodeId: string, maxDepth: number = 3): Subgraph {
    return this.traverser.getImpactRadius(nodeId, maxDepth);
  }

  /**
   * Find the shortest path between two nodes
   *
   * @param fromId - Starting node ID
   * @param toId - Target node ID
   * @param edgeKinds - Edge types to consider (all if empty)
   * @returns Array of nodes and edges forming the path, or null if no path exists
   */
  findPath(
    fromId: string,
    toId: string,
    edgeKinds?: Edge['kind'][]
  ): Array<{ node: Node; edge: Edge | null }> | null {
    return this.traverser.findPath(fromId, toId, edgeKinds);
  }

  /**
   * Get ancestors of a node in the containment hierarchy
   *
   * @param nodeId - ID of the node
   * @returns Array of ancestor nodes from immediate parent to root
   */
  getAncestors(nodeId: string): Node[] {
    return this.traverser.getAncestors(nodeId);
  }

  /**
   * Get immediate children of a node
   *
   * @param nodeId - ID of the node
   * @returns Array of child nodes
   */
  getChildren(nodeId: string): Node[] {
    return this.traverser.getChildren(nodeId);
  }

  /**
   * Get dependencies of a file
   *
   * @param filePath - Path to the file
   * @returns Array of file paths this file depends on
   */
  getFileDependencies(filePath: string): string[] {
    return this.graphManager.getFileDependencies(filePath);
  }

  /**
   * Get dependents of a file
   *
   * @param filePath - Path to the file
   * @returns Array of file paths that depend on this file
   */
  getFileDependents(filePath: string): string[] {
    return this.graphManager.getFileDependents(filePath);
  }

  /**
   * Find circular dependencies in the codebase
   *
   * @returns Array of cycles, each cycle is an array of file paths
   */
  findCircularDependencies(): string[][] {
    return this.graphManager.findCircularDependencies();
  }

  /**
   * Find dead code (unreferenced symbols)
   *
   * @param kinds - Node kinds to check (default: functions, methods, classes)
   * @returns Array of unreferenced nodes
   */
  findDeadCode(kinds?: Node['kind'][]): Node[] {
    return this.graphManager.findDeadCode(kinds);
  }

  /**
   * Get complexity metrics for a node
   *
   * @param nodeId - ID of the node
   * @returns Object containing various complexity metrics
   */
  getNodeMetrics(nodeId: string): {
    incomingEdgeCount: number;
    outgoingEdgeCount: number;
    callCount: number;
    callerCount: number;
    childCount: number;
    depth: number;
  } {
    return this.graphManager.getNodeMetrics(nodeId);
  }

  // ===========================================================================
  // Context Building
  // ===========================================================================

  /**
   * Get the source code for a node
   *
   * Reads the file and extracts the code between startLine and endLine.
   *
   * @param nodeId - ID of the node
   * @returns Code string or null if not found
   */
  async getCode(nodeId: string): Promise<string | null> {
    return this.contextBuilder.getCode(nodeId);
  }

  /**
   * Find relevant subgraph for a query
   *
   * Combines semantic search with graph traversal to find the most
   * relevant nodes and their relationships for a given query.
   *
   * @param query - Natural language query describing the task
   * @param options - Search and traversal options
   * @returns Subgraph of relevant nodes and edges
   */
  async findRelevantContext(
    query: string,
    options?: FindRelevantContextOptions
  ): Promise<Subgraph> {
    return this.contextBuilder.findRelevantContext(query, options);
  }

  /**
   * Build context for a task
   *
   * Creates comprehensive context by:
   * 1. Running FTS search to find entry points
   * 2. Expanding the graph around entry points
   * 3. Extracting code blocks for key nodes
   * 4. Formatting output for Claude
   *
   * @param input - Task description (string or {title, description})
   * @param options - Build options (maxNodes, includeCode, format, etc.)
   * @returns TaskContext object or formatted string (markdown/JSON)
   */
  async buildContext(
    input: TaskInput,
    options?: BuildContextOptions
  ): Promise<TaskContext | string> {
    return this.contextBuilder.buildContext(input, options);
  }

  // ===========================================================================
  // Database Management
  // ===========================================================================

  /**
   * Optimize the database (vacuum and analyze)
   */
  optimize(): void {
    this.db.optimize();
  }

  /**
   * Clear all data from the graph
   */
  clear(): void {
    this.queries.clear();
  }

  /**
   * Alias for close() for backwards compatibility.
   * @deprecated Use close() instead
   */
  destroy(): void {
    this.close();
  }

  /**
   * Completely remove CodeGraph from the project.
   * This closes the database and deletes the .CodeGraph directory.
   *
   * WARNING: This permanently deletes all CodeGraph data for the project.
   */
  uninitialize(): void {
    this.close();
    removeDirectory(this.projectRoot);
  }
}

// Default export
export default CodeGraph;