Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/master' into cross-family-fs-sandbox

# Conflicts:
#	docs/config-catalog.md
#	docs/cordis-catalog/services.md
#	docs/module-graph.md
#	docs/rfc/implemented/feature/2026-07-06-sandbox.md
#	examples/acp-agent/tests/snapshots/advanced-toolchain/system-prompt.golden.md
#	examples/acp-agent/tests/snapshots/advanced-toolchain/tool-schemas.golden.json
#	examples/acp-agent/tests/snapshots/both-mode-turn/system-prompt.golden.md
#	examples/acp-agent/tests/snapshots/both-mode-turn/tool-schemas.golden.json
#	examples/acp-agent/tests/snapshots/code-mode-turn/system-prompt.golden.md
#	examples/acp-agent/tests/snapshots/escalation-approved/session.jsonl
#	examples/acp-agent/tests/snapshots/escalation-rejected/session.jsonl
#	examples/acp-agent/tests/snapshots/hook-cc-pretool-ask/session.jsonl
#	examples/acp-agent/tests/snapshots/permission-switching/session.jsonl
#	examples/acp-agent/tests/snapshots/permission-switching/system-prompt.golden.md
#	examples/acp-agent/tests/snapshots/permission-switching/tool-schemas.golden.json
#	examples/acp-agent/tests/snapshots/skill-load/tool-schemas.golden.json
#	examples/acp-agent/tests/snapshots/text-turn/tool-schemas.golden.json
#	examples/acp-agent/tests/snapshots/workspace-edit/system-prompt.golden.md
#	examples/acp-agent/tests/snapshots/workspace-edit/tool-schemas.golden.json
#	packages/bash/bash-sandbox/src/index.ts
#	packages/bash/bash-sandbox/tests/bwrap.e2e.ts
#	packages/bash/bash-sandbox/tests/sandbox.spec.ts
#	packages/bash/bash-sandbox/tests/seatbelt.e2e.ts
#	packages/bash/bash/src/index.ts
#	packages/bash/tool-bash/package.json
#	packages/bash/tool-bash/src/index.ts
#	packages/bash/tool-bash/src/render.ts
#	packages/bash/tool-bash/tests/tools.spec.ts
#	packages/bash/tool-bash/tsconfig.json
#	pnpm-lock.yaml
#	scripts/verify-package-readme-model-experience.ts

.agents/skills/dsh-code-review/SKILL.md

@@ -19,19 +19,26 @@ description: Use when reviewing a pull request in the deepseek-harness repo —
 
 ## Blocking requirements
 
-1. **Docs match the code.** Config, defaults, errors, wire fields, events, and public behavior update the package README and JSDoc in the same diff. Comments state non-obvious contracts; flag implementation narration, test walkthroughs, review history, and duplicated rationale for deletion or a link to their one home.
-2. **Core type docs match.** Changes to spine or seam vocabulary update the appropriate [core-data-structures](../../../docs/core-data-structures/core.md) page and any `type-equiv` entry. Internal types need no catalog entry.
-3. **Registrations clean up.** A new registry contribution has a test that disposes its owner and observes removal.
-4. **Required gates pass.** Trust the [current readiness sequence](../../../AGENTS.md#run-the-ci-gates-locally-before-marking-a-pr-ready) and `pnpm run check:pre-push` for their enforced inventory; review the semantic gaps they cannot detect.
+1. **New prose receives semantic review.** Use [dsh-prose-standard](../dsh-prose-standard/SKILL.md) to critically review every added or changed Markdown passage, JSDoc, comment, prompt, description, diagnostic, and visible string. Verify required coverage, accuracy, placement, and editorial quality against the owning code or behavior; automated checks do not establish those properties.
+2. **Docs match the code.** Config, defaults, errors, wire fields, events, and public behavior update the package README and JSDoc in the same diff. Comments state non-obvious contracts; flag implementation narration, test walkthroughs, review history, and duplicated rationale for deletion or a link to their one home.
+3. **Core type docs match.** Changes to spine or seam vocabulary update the appropriate [core-data-structures](../../../docs/core-data-structures/core.md) page and any `type-equiv` entry. Internal types need no catalog entry.
+4. **Registrations clean up.** A new registry contribution has a test that disposes its owner and observes removal.
+5. **Required gates pass.** Trust the [current readiness sequence](../../../AGENTS.md#run-the-ci-gates-locally-before-marking-a-pr-ready) and `pnpm run check:pre-push` for their enforced inventory; review the semantic gaps they cannot detect.
 
 ## Manual checks
 
 - **Intent and seam contracts:** trace both sides of every changed interface. Confirm the implementation matches the PR and any RFC, including errors, cancellation, ownership, and disposal.
-- **Lifecycle and concurrency:** for async setup, callbacks, processes, or teardown, apply [defensive-patterns.md](../../../docs/defensive-patterns.md). Check races before publication, cancellation during awaits, independent error reporting, callback containment, and quiescent disposal.
+- **Lifecycle and concurrency:** for async setup, callbacks, processes, or teardown, apply [defensive-patterns.md](../../../docs/defensive-patterns.md). Check races before publication, cancellation during awaits, independent error reporting, callback containment, ownership before reentry, complete detach cleanup, and quiescent disposal.
 - **Capability shape:** a swappable capability follows the interface / implementation / consumer split. Consumers depend on the interface, not a backend.
+- **Scope, ownership, and necessity:** tie each abstraction, state machine, option, defensive copy, and compatibility path to a current contract or production consumer. Challenge unrelated features, speculative generality, and behavior placed outside its owning plugin or service.
 - **Configuration:** deployment-varying timeouts, caps, models, URLs, paths, and retry counts are validated `Config` fields, not literals or `DEFAULT_*` constants.
+- **Enforcement boundaries:** hidden schema fields, filtered prompts, facades, wrappers, and listener ordering are not authoritative enforcement when direct or alternate callers can bypass them. Exercise denial paths at the boundary that actually executes the operation.
+- **Borrowed and derived state:** determine whether retained caller-owned values are borrowed or snapshotted by contract; do not demand copies at typed same-process seams. Materialize mutable values that cross queues, model/tool JSON, durable logs or files, workers, processes, or wire boundaries. Commit notifications and derived state only at the documented success boundary, and trace caches, prompts, UI echoes, replay, and query views to one authoritative source.
+- **Bounds cover the final operation:** verify byte, token, item, and time limits at the boundary that owns the complete emitted or retained result, including wrappers and metadata. Probe tiny limits, exact thresholds, oversized single chunks, and multibyte text for byte limits.
 - **Real entry path:** tests exercise the shipped Loader, bin, worker, ACP bridge, or subprocess where relevant. A hand-mounted plugin does not catch Loader export-shape failures; a function plugin must named-export its namespace and have no default export.
 - **Test strength:** assertions fail on the intended regression and verify external state, logs, events, or disposal rather than restating the implementation or trusting an agent's report. Coverage is necessary but not evidence that the scenario is correct.
+- **Changed checks have a negative control:** a new automated check, or a changed acceptance path in one, has a deliberately invalid case that reaches the real top-level runner and fails for the intended rule; a green happy path does not prove the check is wired.
+- **Implemented RFCs match shipped reality:** when a PR implements a proposed RFC, move and rewrite it as present-tense shipped state in the same diff, then verify paths, names, and mechanisms against the implementation.
 - **Transcript changes:** editor-visible or model-visible changes update snapshots or explain why no snapshot applies. Review golden diffs as behavior changes, not formatting noise.
 - **Bilingual changes:** compare meaning and terminology on both sides; a green pairing hash does not prove translation quality.
 

docs/architecture.md

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ A harness is one [Cordis](cordis-primer.md) context. Packages contribute service
 | `ctx.web` | [`web/`](../packages/web/README.md) | search/fetch provider registries |
 | `ctx.compact` | [`compact/`](../packages/compact/README.md) | session-log compaction |
 | `ctx.subagents` | [`subagent/`](../packages/subagent/README.md) | named delegation providers |
+| `ctx.tasks` | [`tasks/`](../packages/tasks/README.md) | background task registry + generic `task_*` control tools |
 | `ctx.workflows` | [`workflow/`](../packages/workflow/README.md) | script-driven multi-agent orchestration |
 | `ctx.sessionPersistence` | [`session-persistence/`](../packages/session-persistence/README.md) | durable storage for session logs |
 | `ctx.sessionQuery` | [`session-query/`](../packages/session-query/README.md) | live-preferred logical-corpus and exact-event reads |
@@ -107,11 +108,11 @@ Every session event is turn-enclosed. Reloading a crashed session preserves the
 
 ### Agent Handles
 
-`ctx.agents` owns live agents and returns an `AgentHandle { agent, dispose() }`. `Agent` is the API other plugins drive: `send()` queues work, `steer()` injects mid-turn content, `inject()` appends context and opens a one-shot injection turn when idle, `cancel()` is the public stop primitive, and `whenIdle()` observes quiescence. The caller fiber and concrete factory provider structurally co-own programmatic lifecycles; a consumer handle is the only non-structural teardown capability, and every owner reaches the same awaited disposer.
+`ctx.agents` owns live agents and returns `AgentHandle { agent, dispose() }`. Plugins drive `Agent` through `send()`, `steer()`, `inject()`, `cancel()`, and `whenIdle()`. The caller fiber and factory provider structurally co-own programmatic lifecycles; the consumer handle is the only other teardown capability, and all owners await one disposer.
 
 ### Agent Scope
 
-Every live agent owns a scoped `agent.ctx`. Its registrations shadow same-named globals, receive only that agent's dispatches, and unwind with the agent. `CreateAgentOptions.setup(agentCtx)` composes the scope before publication. The [semantic-gates RFC](rfc/implemented/process/2026-07-14-typescript-program-backed-semantic-gates.md) defines typed resolvers that derive carrier checks from merged `Events` signatures and `scopeTarget`, eliminating the handwritten event table. See the [agent-scope RFC](rfc/implemented/architecture/2026-07-08-agent-scope-contexts.md); subagent composition controls are documented [separately](rfc/implemented/feature/2026-07-12-subagent-persona-tool-filter-and-depth.md).
+Every live agent owns a scoped `agent.ctx`. Its registrations shadow same-named globals, receive only that agent's dispatches, and unwind with the agent; async effects such as background-task cleanup are awaited. `CreateAgentOptions.setup(agentCtx)` composes the scope before publication. The [semantic-gates RFC](rfc/implemented/process/2026-07-14-typescript-program-backed-semantic-gates.md) defines typed resolvers that derive carrier checks from merged `Events` signatures and `scopeTarget`, eliminating the handwritten event table. See the [agent-scope RFC](rfc/implemented/architecture/2026-07-08-agent-scope-contexts.md); subagent composition controls are documented [separately](rfc/implemented/feature/2026-07-12-subagent-persona-tool-filter-and-depth.md).
 
 ## State
 
@@ -150,6 +151,7 @@ New behavior should attach to a documented extension point; changing the shipped
 | Add a model provider | register an adapter on `ctx.llm` |
 | Add a model-facing capability | register a tool on `ctx.tools`; schemas flow into prompt assembly |
 | Add command execution | implement and register a `ctx.bash` backend |
+| Add a long-running/background capability | register the work on `ctx.tasks`; the generic `task_*` tools collect/stop it |
 | Add filesystem access or policy | implement a `ctx.fs` provider or listen on `fs/*` policy events |
 | Confine spawned processes | a `ctx.sandbox` backend; consumers wrap their argv before spawning |
 | Intercept prompts, requests, tool use, or continuation | listen on the relevant `agent/*` or `tools/*` waterfall; use serial `agent/turn-stop` for a monotonic terminal stop |

docs/capability-seams.md

@@ -77,6 +77,9 @@ flowchart LR
   pkg_subagent_fork["subagent-fork"]
   pkg_subagent_acp["subagent-acp"]
   pkg_subagent_mock["subagent-mock"]
+  pkg_tasks["tasks"]
+  svc_tasks["ctx.tasks<br/>Background task registry"]
+  pkg_tool_tasks["tool-tasks"]
   pkg_web["web"]
   svc_web["ctx.web<br/>Web access provider registry"]
   pkg_web_search_exa["web-search-exa"]
@@ -124,6 +127,7 @@ flowchart LR
   pkg_subagent_mock --> svc_subagents
   pkg_subagent_spawn --> svc_subagents
   pkg_system_prompt --> svc_systemPrompt
+  pkg_tasks --> svc_tasks
   pkg_tools --> svc_tools
   pkg_user_interaction --> svc_userInteraction
   pkg_web --> svc_web
@@ -170,6 +174,9 @@ flowchart LR
   svc_systemPrompt --> pkg_tool_fs
   svc_systemPrompt --> pkg_tool_web
   svc_systemPrompt --> pkg_tools
+  svc_tasks --> pkg_tool_bash
+  svc_tasks --> pkg_tool_subagent
+  svc_tasks --> pkg_tool_tasks
   svc_tools --> pkg_acp
   svc_tools --> pkg_agent_loop
   svc_tools --> pkg_tool_ask_user
@@ -209,6 +216,7 @@ flowchart LR
 | `ctx.fs` | `seam` | [`fs`](../packages/fs/fs) | [`fs-local`](../packages/fs/fs-local), [`fs-sandbox`](../packages/fs/fs-sandbox) | [`tool-fs`](../packages/fs/tool-fs) | [`fs-policy`](../packages/fs/fs-policy) | tool-fs executes read/write/edit through ctx.fs; fs-sandbox fences mutations by the shared sandbox mode; fs-policy contributes observed-state checks through the fs/* event gate. |
 | `ctx.compact` | `seam` | [`compact`](../packages/compact/compact) | [`compact-basic`](../packages/compact/compact-basic) | [`compact-basic`](../packages/compact/compact-basic) | - | The basic backend currently consumes the pre-step event directly; a model-facing compact tool remains deferred. |
 | `ctx.subagents` | `seam` | [`subagent`](../packages/subagent/subagent) | [`subagent-spawn`](../packages/subagent/subagent-spawn), [`subagent-fork`](../packages/subagent/subagent-fork), [`subagent-acp`](../packages/subagent/subagent-acp), [`subagent-mock`](../packages/support/subagent-mock) | [`tool-subagent`](../packages/subagent/tool-subagent) | - | Providers implement transports; tool-subagent exposes one configured provider as a model-facing tool name. |
+| `ctx.tasks` | `core` | [`tasks`](../packages/tasks/tasks) | - | [`tool-bash`](../packages/bash/tool-bash), [`tool-subagent`](../packages/subagent/tool-subagent), [`tool-tasks`](../packages/tasks/tool-tasks) | - | Producers (tool-bash background commands, tool-subagent background delegations) register running work; tool-tasks is the model-facing control surface that reads, lists, and kills it. |
 | `ctx.web` | `seam` | [`web`](../packages/web/web) | [`web-search-exa`](../packages/web/web-search-exa), [`web-search-perplexity`](../packages/web/web-search-perplexity), [`web-search-deepseek`](../packages/web/web-search-deepseek), [`web-fetch-local`](../packages/web/web-fetch-local) | [`tool-web`](../packages/web/tool-web) | - | Search and fetch providers register into one ctx.web seam; tool-web owns the stable model-facing names. |
 | `ctx.workflows` | `seam` | [`workflow`](../packages/workflow/workflow) | [`workflow-workerthread`](../packages/workflow/workflow-workerthread) | [`tool-workflow`](../packages/workflow/tool-workflow) | - | One engine per context (bash shape, no named-provider registry); the worker-thread engine fans agent() calls out through ctx.subagents. |
 

docs/config-catalog.md

@@ -52,6 +52,10 @@ export interface Config {
   persistenceRoot?: string
   /** Skill registry, local-provider, and model-facing consumer config forwarded to agent-spine-demo. */
   skills?: agentCore.SkillConfig
+  /** Model-facing bash tool config forwarded through agent-core. */
+  toolBash?: NonNullable<agentCore.Config['toolBash']>
+  /** Generic background-task control-tool config forwarded through agent-core. */
+  toolTasks?: NonNullable<agentCore.Config['toolTasks']>
 }
 ```
 
@@ -86,13 +90,19 @@ Source: [`packages/core/agent-loop/src/index.ts:322`](../packages/core/agent-loo
 
 ```ts config-catalog
 /**
- * Bundle config: each field forwarded verbatim to the child that owns it — `agents` to the
- * agent loop (an app that pre-creates no agents, like the ACP bridge, omits it),
- * `persona` and `toolOrder` to the system-prompt plugin (the deployment's persona section and
- * the explicit model-facing tool order), the `tools` object to the tool registry (its
- * presentation `mode`), and `skills` to the skill registry/local provider/tool consumer.
- * The schema intersects the owners' schemas, which supply defaults for every
- * optional input and keep validation from drifting.
+ * Bundle config: each field forwarded verbatim to the child that owns it —
+ * `agents` to the agent loop (an app that pre-creates no agents, like the ACP
+ * bridge, simply omits it), `persona` and `toolOrder` to the system-prompt
+ * plugin (the deployment's persona section and the explicit model-facing tool
+ * order), the `tools` object to the tool registry (its presentation `mode`),
+ * and `toolBash`/`toolTasks` to the two model-facing tool plugins this bundle
+ * owns. Producer opt-in stays producer-local: `toolBash` configures bash only;
+ * future background-capable tools remain independently composed plugins.
+ * Every field is optional INPUT here because each owner's schema
+ * supplies the default (`[]` / `''` / absent — lexicographic / `native`); the
+ * schema is the INTERSECTION of the owners' own schemas (the registry's
+ * nested under its `tools` key), so validation and defaulting can never
+ * drift from them.
  */
 export interface Config {
   /** The agent-loop `agents` list (see dsh-agent-loop's `Config`). */
@@ -105,6 +115,10 @@ export interface Config {
   tools?: ToolsConfig
   /** Skill registry, local provider, and model-facing consumer config. */
   skills?: SkillConfig
+  /** Model-facing bash tool config, including this producer's background opt-in. */
+  toolBash?: toolBash.Config
+  /** Generic background-task control-tool wait bounds. */
+  toolTasks?: toolTasks.Config
 }
 
 /** Skill bundle config forwarded to the registry, local provider, and model-facing consumer. */
@@ -118,9 +132,9 @@ export interface SkillConfig {
 }
 ```
 
-Depends on: [`AgentLoopConfig`](#deepseek-aidsh-agent-loop) · [`SkillLocal`](../packages/skill/skill-local/src/index.ts) · [`SkillRegistryConfig`](#deepseek-aidsh-skill) · [`SystemPromptConfig`](#deepseek-aidsh-system-prompt) · [`ToolsConfig`](#deepseek-aidsh-tools) · [`toolSkill`](../packages/skill/tool-skill/src/index.ts)
+Depends on: [`AgentLoopConfig`](#deepseek-aidsh-agent-loop) · [`SkillLocal`](../packages/skill/skill-local/src/index.ts) · [`SkillRegistryConfig`](#deepseek-aidsh-skill) · [`SystemPromptConfig`](#deepseek-aidsh-system-prompt) · [`toolBash`](../packages/bash/tool-bash/src/index.ts) · [`ToolsConfig`](#deepseek-aidsh-tools) · [`toolSkill`](../packages/skill/tool-skill/src/index.ts) · [`toolTasks`](../packages/tasks/tool-tasks/src/index.ts)
 
-Source: [`packages/examples/agent-spine-demo/src/index.ts:46`](../packages/examples/agent-spine-demo/src/index.ts)
+Source: [`packages/examples/agent-spine-demo/src/index.ts:55`](../packages/examples/agent-spine-demo/src/index.ts)
 
 ## `@deepseek-ai/dsh-bash-local`
 
@@ -140,7 +154,7 @@ export interface Config {
 }
 ```
 
-Source: [`packages/bash/bash-local/src/index.ts:18`](../packages/bash/bash-local/src/index.ts)
+Source: [`packages/bash/bash-local/src/index.ts:17`](../packages/bash/bash-local/src/index.ts)
 
 ## `@deepseek-ai/dsh-bash-sandbox`
 
@@ -160,7 +174,7 @@ export type Config = LocalConfig
 
 Depends on: [`LocalConfig`](#deepseek-aidsh-bash-local)
 
-Source: [`packages/bash/bash-sandbox/src/index.ts:26`](../packages/bash/bash-sandbox/src/index.ts)
+Source: [`packages/bash/bash-sandbox/src/index.ts:27`](../packages/bash/bash-sandbox/src/index.ts)
 
 ## `@deepseek-ai/dsh-code-runtime-worker`
 
@@ -571,7 +585,7 @@ export interface Config {
 }
 ```
 
-Source: [`packages/sandbox/sandbox-local/src/index.ts:20`](../packages/sandbox/sandbox-local/src/index.ts)
+Source: [`packages/sandbox/sandbox-local/src/index.ts:19`](../packages/sandbox/sandbox-local/src/index.ts)
 
 ## `@deepseek-ai/dsh-sandbox-policy`
 
@@ -739,6 +753,10 @@ export interface Config {
   welcome?: string
   /** Skill registry, local-provider, and model-facing consumer config forwarded to agent-spine-demo. */
   skills?: agentCore.SkillConfig
+  /** Model-facing bash tool config forwarded through agent-core. */
+  toolBash?: NonNullable<agentCore.Config['toolBash']>
+  /** Generic background-task control-tool config forwarded through agent-core. */
+  toolTasks?: NonNullable<agentCore.Config['toolTasks']>
   /**
    * If set, the `main` agent RESUMES this persisted session id instead of
    * starting fresh. Sourced from an env var in the leaf `cordis.yml`
@@ -899,6 +917,20 @@ export interface Config {
 
 Source: [`packages/context/time-context/src/index.ts:22`](../packages/context/time-context/src/index.ts)
 
+## `@deepseek-ai/dsh-tool-bash`
+
+Requires: `tools` · `bash` · `systemPrompt`
+
+```ts config-catalog
+/** Configures whether the model may background commands. */
+export interface Config {
+  /** Expose `run_in_background` (default true); disabled calls are also rejected. */
+  enableRunInBackground?: boolean
+}
+```
+
+Source: [`packages/bash/tool-bash/src/index.ts:30`](../packages/bash/tool-bash/src/index.ts)
+
 ## `@deepseek-ai/dsh-tool-cordis`
 
 Requires: `tools`
@@ -961,34 +993,29 @@ export interface Config {
   /** The `ctx.subagents` provider name to start runs on (e.g. `spawn`, `acp`). */
   provider: string
   /**
-   * The model-facing tool name to register (default `subagent`). To expose more
-   * than one transport, load this plugin once per provider — each load MUST set
-   * a distinct `toolName` (the tool registry rejects a duplicate name), e.g.
-   * `{ provider: 'spawn', toolName: 'subagent' }` and
-   * `{ provider: 'acp', toolName: 'subagent_acp' }`.
+   * Model-facing tool name (default `subagent`). Each loaded instance must use
+   * a distinct name.
    */
   toolName?: string
   /**
-   * Default per-child agent options (model) applied to every spawned child.
-   * Omitted fields fall back to the child loop's own defaults.
+   * Expose `run_in_background` (default true). Disabled instances omit the
+   * parameter and reject forced background calls.
+   */
+  enableRunInBackground?: boolean
+  /**
+   * Agent options applied to every child; omitted fields use child-loop defaults.
    */
   agentOptions?: AgentOptions
   /**
-   * Per-child persona applied to every child this tool spawns: a scoped
-   * `deployment:persona` section shadowing the deployment's persona for the
-   * child alone. Requires the bound provider's `persona` capability
-   * (in-process backends support it; a request against one that doesn't is
-   * rejected at start). Omitted ⇒ the child renders the deployment persona.
+   * Per-child persona that shadows `deployment:persona`. Requires the
+   * provider's `persona` capability; omission preserves the deployment persona.
    */
   persona?: string
   /**
-   * Tool scoping applied to every child this tool spawns (see
-   * `SubagentStartRequest.toolFilter`): the named global tools vanish from
-   * the child's prompt AND refuse to execute. Requires the provider's
-   * `toolFilter` capability. Unknown names fail the spawn loudly. Note the
-   * child otherwise sees every global tool — including this delegation tool
-   * itself; `deny`-listing it (or setting `maxDepth`) is how a deployment
-   * bounds recursion.
+   * Tool filter applied to every child. Filtered tools disappear from its
+   * prompt and reject execution. Requires the provider's `toolFilter`
+   * capability; unknown names fail startup. Children otherwise see this tool,
+   * so deny it or set `maxDepth` to bound recursion.
    */
   toolFilter?: {
     /** Global tool names the child keeps; everything else is removed. */
@@ -997,12 +1024,8 @@ export interface Config {
     deny?: string[]
   }
   /**
-   * Recursion cap applied to every child this tool spawns (see
-   * `SubagentStartRequest.maxDepth`): a spawn whose child would sit deeper
-   * than this in the delegation tree is rejected. Requires the provider's
-   * `depthLimit` capability. Must be a non-negative safe integer and is
-   * validated when the plugin loads. Omitted ⇒ unbounded (bound it in
-   * deployments that expose this tool to children).
+   * Maximum child depth. Requires the provider's `depthLimit` capability and a
+   * non-negative safe integer. Omission is unbounded.
    */
   maxDepth?: number
 }
@@ -1010,7 +1033,23 @@ export interface Config {
 
 Depends on: [`AgentOptions`](../packages/core/agent/src/index.ts)
 
-Source: [`packages/subagent/tool-subagent/src/index.ts:24`](../packages/subagent/tool-subagent/src/index.ts)
+Source: [`packages/subagent/tool-subagent/src/index.ts:23`](../packages/subagent/tool-subagent/src/index.ts)
+
+## `@deepseek-ai/dsh-tool-tasks`
+
+Requires: `tools` · `tasks` · `systemPrompt`
+
+```ts config-catalog
+/** Configures bounded `task_output` waits. */
+export interface Config {
+  /** Wait duration applied when `task_output` sets `wait` without `timeout_ms` (default 30s). */
+  waitTimeoutMs?: number
+  /** Hard cap on any single wait; a larger model-supplied `timeout_ms` is clamped down to it (default 10min). */
+  maxWaitTimeoutMs?: number
+}
+```
+
+Source: [`packages/tasks/tool-tasks/src/index.ts:21`](../packages/tasks/tool-tasks/src/index.ts)
 
 ## `@deepseek-ai/dsh-tool-web`
 
@@ -1144,7 +1183,7 @@ export interface Config {
 }
 ```
 
-Source: [`packages/web/web-fetch-local/src/index.ts:36`](../packages/web/web-fetch-local/src/index.ts)
+Source: [`packages/web/web-fetch-local/src/index.ts:34`](../packages/web/web-fetch-local/src/index.ts)
 
 ## `@deepseek-ai/dsh-web-search-deepseek`
 
@@ -1168,7 +1207,7 @@ export interface Config {
 }
 ```
 
-Source: [`packages/web/web-search-deepseek/src/index.ts:40`](../packages/web/web-search-deepseek/src/index.ts)
+Source: [`packages/web/web-search-deepseek/src/index.ts:38`](../packages/web/web-search-deepseek/src/index.ts)
 
 ## `@deepseek-ai/dsh-web-search-exa`
 
@@ -1190,7 +1229,7 @@ export interface Config {
 }
 ```
 
-Source: [`packages/web/web-search-exa/src/index.ts:39`](../packages/web/web-search-exa/src/index.ts)
+Source: [`packages/web/web-search-exa/src/index.ts:37`](../packages/web/web-search-exa/src/index.ts)
 
 ## `@deepseek-ai/dsh-web-search-perplexity`
 
@@ -1212,7 +1251,7 @@ export interface Config {
 }
 ```
 
-Source: [`packages/web/web-search-perplexity/src/index.ts:33`](../packages/web/web-search-perplexity/src/index.ts)
+Source: [`packages/web/web-search-perplexity/src/index.ts:31`](../packages/web/web-search-perplexity/src/index.ts)
 
 ## `@deepseek-ai/dsh-workflow-workerthread`
 
@@ -1252,9 +1291,9 @@ These load from a `cordis.yml` entry with no `config:` block; they declare no co
 - `@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm` ([`packages/llm/llm/src/index.ts`](../packages/llm/llm/src/index.ts))
 - `@deepseek-ai/dsh-session` ([`packages/core/session/src/index.ts`](../packages/core/session/src/index.ts))
 - `@deepseek-ai/dsh-subagent` ([`packages/subagent/subagent/src/index.ts`](../packages/subagent/subagent/src/index.ts))
+- `@deepseek-ai/dsh-tasks` ([`packages/tasks/tasks/src/index.ts`](../packages/tasks/tasks/src/index.ts))
 - `@deepseek-ai/dsh-timeout-policy` — requires `tools` ([`packages/timeout/timeout-policy/src/index.ts`](../packages/timeout/timeout-policy/src/index.ts))
 - `@deepseek-ai/dsh-tool-ask-user` — requires `tools` · `userInteraction` ([`packages/ui/tool-ask-user/src/index.ts`](../packages/ui/tool-ask-user/src/index.ts))
-- `@deepseek-ai/dsh-tool-bash` — requires `tools` · `bash` · `systemPrompt` ([`packages/bash/tool-bash/src/index.ts`](../packages/bash/tool-bash/src/index.ts))
 - `@deepseek-ai/dsh-tool-todo` — requires `tools` ([`packages/todo/tool-todo/src/index.ts`](../packages/todo/tool-todo/src/index.ts))
 - `@deepseek-ai/dsh-user-interaction` ([`packages/ui/user-interaction/src/index.ts`](../packages/ui/user-interaction/src/index.ts))
 
@@ -1274,13 +1313,16 @@ Abstract service classes — a deployment loads a concrete implementation packag
 
 Imported as libraries by other packages; a `cordis.yml` cannot load them.
 
+- `@deepseek-ai/create-sdk` ([`packages/sdk/create-sdk/src/index.ts`](../packages/sdk/create-sdk/src/index.ts))
 - `@deepseek-ai/dsh-acp-snapshot` ([`packages/support/acp-snapshot/src/index.ts`](../packages/support/acp-snapshot/src/index.ts))
 - `@deepseek-ai/dsh-app-boot` ([`packages/ui/app-boot/src/index.ts`](../packages/ui/app-boot/src/index.ts))
 - `@deepseek-ai/dsh-brand` ([`packages/util/brand/src/index.ts`](../packages/util/brand/src/index.ts))
+- `@deepseek-ai/dsh-helper` ([`packages/sdk/helper/src/index.ts`](../packages/sdk/helper/src/index.ts))
 - `@deepseek-ai/dsh-hook-protocol` ([`packages/hooks/hook-protocol/src/index.ts`](../packages/hooks/hook-protocol/src/index.ts))
 - `@deepseek-ai/dsh-jsonrpc-demo` ([`packages/examples/jsonrpc-demo/src/index.ts`](../packages/examples/jsonrpc-demo/src/index.ts))
 - `@deepseek-ai/dsh-loader-smoke` ([`packages/support/loader-smoke/src/index.ts`](../packages/support/loader-smoke/src/index.ts))
 - `@deepseek-ai/dsh-scope` ([`packages/core/scope/src/index.ts`](../packages/core/scope/src/index.ts))
+- `@deepseek-ai/dsh-scripts` ([`packages/sdk/scripts/src/index.ts`](../packages/sdk/scripts/src/index.ts))
 - `@deepseek-ai/dsh-subagent-inprocess` ([`packages/subagent/subagent-inprocess/src/index.ts`](../packages/subagent/subagent-inprocess/src/index.ts))
 - `@deepseek-ai/dsh-subagent-subprocess` ([`packages/subagent/subagent-subprocess/src/index.ts`](../packages/subagent/subagent-subprocess/src/index.ts))
 - `@deepseek-ai/dsh-timeout` ([`packages/util/timeout/src/index.ts`](../packages/util/timeout/src/index.ts))

docs/cookbook/adding-a-tool.i18n.yaml

@@ -2,5 +2,5 @@
 # side as of the last confirmed-consistent state. Both languages carry equal authority;
 # after editing either side, bring the other along and re-record with:
 #   pnpm run verify-translation-pairing --write
-adding-a-tool.md: 4920c98894326fb8eab3b3d5df298baf1da33c1d
-adding-a-tool.zh.md: 3caf1e62f15f2f15103836b4d3f22be20ba02385
+adding-a-tool.md: da214702939e01fedf3d0d69be7560bbafe0696a
+adding-a-tool.zh.md: b216d18b1593cd7e6074685bd39684f1b9694eac

docs/cookbook/adding-a-tool.md

@@ -45,9 +45,9 @@ Registration is effect-based: disposing the plugin fiber unregisters the tool (w
 
 ## Long-running work
 
-Follow tool-bash's background pattern: a `run_in_background` flag returns a task id immediately; companion tools poll incrementally and kill; completion notices arrive via `agent.inject()`. Bound buffers and spill full output to disk so nothing is silently lost.
+Gate `run_in_background` with producer config, reject a pre-aborted call, then register through `ctx.tasks.start({ kind, label, owner: exec.agent, run })`. The runtime validates ownership and control-surface availability before `run()` starts work, then supplies the id, session fence, generic control tools, notices, and owner cleanup.
 
-> TODO: each tool reimplements this background pattern by hand today. At some point we need a generic long-running-tool layer that handles task ids, incremental polling, kill, and completion notices uniformly.
+The producer supplies synchronous `cancel`, non-rejecting `done` that settles after resource cleanup, and optional consuming `readOutput` with bounded-output formatting. Once the id is returned, use a task-owned cancellation signal rather than `exec.signal`. See the [background task runtime RFC](../rfc/implemented/architecture/2026-06-20-generic-long-running-tool-runtime.md) and `dsh-tool-bash` for a stream producer.
 
 ## Execution policy and observation
 

docs/cookbook/adding-a-tool.zh.md

@@ -45,9 +45,9 @@ export function apply(ctx: Context) {
 
 ## 长时间运行的工作
 
-遵循 tool-bash 的后台模式：`run_in_background` 标志立即返回一个 task id；配套工具增量轮询和终止；完成通知通过 `agent.inject()` 到达。限定缓冲区大小，将完整输出溢写到磁盘，避免静默丢失。
+通过 producer 配置控制 `run_in_background`，拒绝已预先中止的调用，然后使用 `ctx.tasks.start({ kind, label, owner: exec.agent, run })` 注册任务。运行时会在 `run()` 启动工作前校验 owner 和控制面是否可用，随后提供 id、会话围栏、通用控制工具、通知和 owner cleanup。
 
-> TODO: 目前每个工具都手动重新实现这套后台模式。未来需要一个通用的长时间运行工具层，统一处理 task id、增量轮询、终止和完成通知。
+producer 提供同步的 `cancel`、在资源清理后 settle 且不 reject 的 `done`，以及可选的消费式 `readOutput`（负责有界输出的格式化）。返回 id 后，应使用 task 自有的取消信号，而不是 `exec.signal`。流式 producer 的示例和完整契约见[后台 task 运行时 RFC](../rfc/implemented/architecture/2026-06-20-generic-long-running-tool-runtime.md)与 `dsh-tool-bash`。
 
 ## 执行策略与观测
 

docs/cookbook/maintaining-dsh-code-review.md

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+# Maintaining the dsh-code-review skill
+
+The [`dsh-code-review`](../../.agents/skills/dsh-code-review/SKILL.md) skill is kept current by a single designated operator running a private periodic maintenance tool. This cookbook is the entry point for that operator — and for anyone taking over the role — and for repo contributors who want to understand why skill updates arrive as small periodic PRs rather than one-off audits. The workflow itself is specified in the [human-review skill-maintenance RFC](../rfc/proposed/process/2026-07-13-human-review-skill-maintenance.md).
+
+## What the maintainer receives
+
+Run the private tool daily with a two-UTC-day overlap; until the proposed scheduler has completed its acceptance run, the operator invokes the wrapper manually at the same cadence. A manual weekly recovery run uses a seven-day window. The workflow:
+
+1. It selects PRs merged in the chosen window (default two UTC days for the daily cadence, seven for weekly) whose merge commit is reachable from `origin/master`. PRs whose merge commit is not reachable (stacked branches whose parent was squashed) or that exceed a 250-commit acquisition cap are logged to `skipped-pulls.json` and skipped rather than aborting the run.
+2. It collects pre-merge human review feedback with commit anchors (inline comments and review submissions), then compares feedback-time and final landed PR patches. It does not acquire PR conversation comments because current GitHub state cannot give them a force-push-safe feedback-time baseline, and it excludes target-branch-only changes from adoption evidence.
+3. Two independently configured reviewer adapters classify provenance and adoption, then classify agreed-adopted items against the current skill.
+4. The primary adapter drafts a complete revised `SKILL.md`; both adapters review the same diff; blocking findings loop until both approve.
+5. `pnpm run doc-sync` and `pnpm run lint` run against the candidate before the tool declares success.
+
+Each run stores its artifacts on the operator's machine. The saved diff, candidate `SKILL.md`, and promotion manifest land under `~/dsh-code-review-outputs/` named by timestamp. The manifest records the source master commit and skill blob, source feedback IDs and URLs, landed evidence ranges, adapter verdicts, and gate results; raw per-adapter I/O stays in a private temp directory whose path is written to the notification and to the daily log under `~/Library/Logs/dsh-code-review-maintainer/`. The maintenance worktree itself is restored clean after every run so the operator is never tempted to edit the maintenance copy in place.
+
+## What the operator does with a candidate diff
+
+When a run produces a candidate, a macOS notification arrives with a `dsh-code-review-promote <timestamp>` hint.
+
+1. **Read the diff on its own merits.** Do not defer to "the reviewers approved" — the maintainer contract is that the operator is the final judgment. Look for checklist bloat, historical prose, unsupported extrapolation from a single incident, and duplicated coverage with existing skill or authoritative-doc content.
+
+   ```sh
+   ls ~/dsh-code-review-outputs/                         # every candidate ever produced
+   less ~/dsh-code-review-outputs/2026-07-16T02-00-00Z.diff
+   less ~/dsh-code-review-outputs/2026-07-16T02-00-00Z.SKILL.md
+   less ~/dsh-code-review-outputs/2026-07-16T02-00-00Z.manifest.json
+   ```
+
+2. **Cross-check against the run artifacts.** The promotion manifest maps each proposed rule to source feedback and landed evidence; detailed per-adapter I/O, consensus, and adopted evidence live under the run's private temp directory (path shown in the log). Spot-check at least one candidate: does the linked human comment actually support the added rule? Does the linked PR actually adopt it?
+
+3. **Decide one of three:**
+   - **Discard.** Delete the saved candidate. The tool re-considers the same feedback on the next run under whatever the current skill then says.
+
+     ```sh
+     rm ~/dsh-code-review-outputs/2026-07-16T02-00-00Z.{diff,SKILL.md,manifest.json}
+     ```
+   - **Batch.** Keep the candidate aside if the update is small and could combine with a future one. The source-skill check still applies; rerun the analysis or manually rebase and re-review the diff if `master` changes first.
+   - **Promote.** From a clean `master` checkout of the repo, run the promote helper. It refreshes `master`, verifies that the current skill matches the recorded source blob, applies the saved diff, and opens a draft PR whose body carries the manifest's provenance summary. It stops on skill drift rather than overwriting newer guidance; the operator still reviews the PR on GitHub and either merges it or closes it.
+
+     ```sh
+     cd ~/path/to/deepseek-harness   # clean master
+     dsh-code-review-promote 2026-07-16T02-00-00Z
+     ```
+
+4. **Do not commit adapter output verbatim.** Small edits during promotion — tightening wording, removing an example that only makes sense with the source PR's context, folding a rule into an existing one — are expected and preserve the "reviewer judgment" the workflow depends on. Amend the branch before merging.
+
+## When a run produces no candidate
+
+That is the common case after every nonempty classification stage has produced at least one valid adapter result. The tool records "no candidate" in its daily log, sends no notification (to avoid alert fatigue), and moves on. Days without a skill update are the workflow behaving correctly, not a stall.
+
+## Interruptions and handoff
+
+The mechanism lives on one machine. Interruptions the operator handles as they arise:
+
+- **Daily run missed.** The two-day overlap window catches one skipped day automatically; longer gaps recover by running the wrapper manually with `DSH_CODE_REVIEW_SINCE=<Nd>`. Overlapping windows are idempotent: guidance already in the current skill is classified `covered` and does not re-enter as a candidate.
+- **Adapter provider outage.** The tool refuses to run when the two reviewer commands resolve to byte-identical executables. A single batch whose adapter response fails schema or id validation is failed closed at the batch level (every item in the batch marked unclear) and the run continues; the raw output is preserved for debugging. If either adapter produces no valid result for any nonempty batch in an operation, the run fails, writes a failure record, and notifies the operator; it never collapses a total-provider outage into "no candidate."
+- **Handoff to another maintainer.** Open a follow-up RFC that supersedes the current one: either move the mechanism into the repository or record the new operator's private setup. Do not silently transfer the tool — the "single-maintainer bus factor" in the RFC's Risks section is the reason the handoff needs a documented decision.
+
+## Where the operator's private setup lives
+
+The tool source, reviewer adapters, provider credentials, and scheduler are the operator's private infrastructure and are outside this repository by design (see the RFC's "Where the mechanism lives" section). This cookbook and the RFC describe **what the workflow guarantees**; **how** those guarantees are implemented is a private-infrastructure concern. If you are the new operator, the RFC's `## Proposal` sections are the specification you build against.

docs/cordis-catalog/events.md

@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ A ready child settled. Scope-filtered dispatch uses the same delegating parent c
 'subagent/end'(this: Scoped<SubagentService>, info: SubagentRunEndInfo): void
 ```
 
-Source: [`packages/subagent/subagent/src/index.ts:92`](../../packages/subagent/subagent/src/index.ts)
+Source: [`packages/subagent/subagent/src/index.ts:108`](../../packages/subagent/subagent/src/index.ts)
 
 ### `subagent/provider-added` — emit
 
@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ A provider became resolvable in the registry.
 'subagent/provider-added'(provider: SubagentProvider): void
 ```
 
-Source: [`packages/subagent/subagent/src/index.ts:66`](../../packages/subagent/subagent/src/index.ts)
+Source: [`packages/subagent/subagent/src/index.ts:82`](../../packages/subagent/subagent/src/index.ts)
 
 ### `subagent/provider-removed` — emit
 
@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ A provider left the registry. Accepted runs remain holder-owned.
 'subagent/provider-removed'(name: string): void
 ```
 
-Source: [`packages/subagent/subagent/src/index.ts:72`](../../packages/subagent/subagent/src/index.ts)
+Source: [`packages/subagent/subagent/src/index.ts:88`](../../packages/subagent/subagent/src/index.ts)
 
 ### `subagent/start` — emit
 
@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ A provider established a ready child. For in-process providers, `ctx.agents.get(
 'subagent/start'(this: Scoped<SubagentService>, info: SubagentRunInfo): void
 ```
 
-Source: [`packages/subagent/subagent/src/index.ts:83`](../../packages/subagent/subagent/src/index.ts)
+Source: [`packages/subagent/subagent/src/index.ts:99`](../../packages/subagent/subagent/src/index.ts)
 
 ## `system-prompt/*`
 

docs/cordis-catalog/services.md

@@ -54,23 +54,24 @@ Source: [`packages/ui/user-approval/src/index.ts:229`](../../packages/ui/user-ap
 
 ## `ctx.bash` — `BashExecutor` (abstract seam)
 
-Registers one `ctx.bash` implementation. Runtime command failures resolve as BashRunResult; only infrastructure failures reject. Background starts return immediately without a timeout, report completion exactly once while live, and remain cancellable by signal or kill. Output reads are incremental and flag lost buffered data; disposal kills and awaits all tasks.
+Abstract bash execution service. Subclass, implement the abstract methods, and load the subclass as a plugin — it registers as `ctx.bash` (one implementation per context; loading a second throws, which is cordis' standard duplicate-service behavior).
+
+Implementations must honor these semantics:
+
+- run rejects only for infrastructure failures. Nonzero exits, timeout kills, and abort kills resolve with a BashRunResult.
+- start returns immediately; no timeout applies to background processes. `done` settles at process close and never rejects; spawn failures settle as `killed` with the error on stderr.
+- BashProcess.readOutput is incremental: consecutive reads never repeat output. Lossy reads report truncation and available spill files.
+- Disposal kills all running background processes and awaits their exit.
 
 ```ts cordis-catalog
 abstract resolve(request: BashExecRequest): BashExecSpec
 abstract run(spec: BashExecSpec): Promise<BashRunResult>
-abstract start(spec: BashExecSpec): BashTask
-abstract get(id: BashTaskId): BashTask | undefined
-abstract ownerOf(id: BashTaskId): OwnerToken | undefined
-abstract list(): BashTask[]
-abstract readOutput(id: BashTaskId): BashTaskRead
-abstract kill(id: BashTaskId): boolean
-onTaskDone(listener: BashTaskListener): () => void
+abstract start(spec: BashExecSpec): BashProcess
 ```
 
-Types: [BashExecRequest](../core-data-structures/bash.md) · [BashExecSpec](../core-data-structures/bash.md) · [BashRunResult](../core-data-structures/bash.md) · [BashTask](../core-data-structures/bash.md) · [BashTaskRead](../core-data-structures/bash.md)
+Types: [BashExecRequest](../core-data-structures/bash.md) · [BashExecSpec](../core-data-structures/bash.md) · [BashRunResult](../core-data-structures/bash.md)
 
-Source: [`packages/bash/bash/src/index.ts:37`](../../packages/bash/bash/src/index.ts)
+Source: [`packages/bash/bash/src/index.ts:45`](../../packages/bash/bash/src/index.ts)
 
 ## `ctx.codeRuntime` — `CodeRuntime` (abstract seam)
 
@@ -232,7 +233,7 @@ list(): string[]
 async start(name: string, request: SubagentStartRequest): Promise<SubagentRun>
 ```
 
-Source: [`packages/subagent/subagent/src/index.ts:125`](../../packages/subagent/subagent/src/index.ts)
+Source: [`packages/subagent/subagent/src/index.ts:141`](../../packages/subagent/subagent/src/index.ts)
 
 ## `ctx.systemPrompt` — `SystemPrompt`
 
@@ -247,6 +248,25 @@ async assemble(context: AssembleContext = {}): Promise<PromptAssembly>
 
 Source: [`packages/core/system-prompt/src/index.ts:209`](../../packages/core/system-prompt/src/index.ts)
 
+## `ctx.tasks` — `TaskService`
+
+The `tasks` service: the runtime-global background task registry. See the module doc for the ownership, isolation, and lifecycle contracts.
+
+```ts cordis-catalog
+start(spec: TaskStart): TaskId
+list(caller?: Agent): TaskSnapshot[]
+get(id: TaskId, caller?: Agent): TaskSnapshot
+read(id: TaskId, caller?: Agent): TaskRead
+kill(id: TaskId, caller?: Agent, reason?: string): 'requested' | 'already-finished'
+async wait(id: TaskId, timeoutMs: number, caller?: Agent, signal?: AbortSignal): Promise<TaskSnapshot>
+onTaskDone(listener: TaskDoneListener): () => void
+attachSurface(name: string): () => void
+```
+
+Types: [Agent](../core-data-structures/core.md)
+
+Source: [`packages/tasks/tasks/src/index.ts:76`](../../packages/tasks/tasks/src/index.ts)
+
 ## `ctx.tools` — `ToolRegistry`
 
 Tool registry and execution pipeline. Scoped registrations shadow globals; one visibility resolver feeds presentation, lookup, and dispatch.

docs/core-data-structures/bash.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Bash Executor
 
-The bash execution seam — the canonical [capability seam](../rfc/implemented/architecture/2026-06-13-capability-seams.md) example, split across three packages: interface ([dsh-bash](../../packages/bash/bash), `ctx.bash`), implementation ([dsh-bash-local](../../packages/bash/bash-local), local subprocesses), and consumer ([dsh-tool-bash](../../packages/bash/tool-bash), the `bash`/`bash_output`/`bash_kill` tool schemas). Bash is **one optional capability**, not part of the agent-loop spine — so its vocabulary lives here, not in [core.md](core.md). A sandboxed, containerized, or remote backend is a sibling package implementing the same interface.
+The bash execution seam is split across interface ([dsh-bash](../../packages/bash/bash), `ctx.bash`), implementations ([dsh-bash-local](../../packages/bash/bash-local) and [dsh-bash-sandbox](../../packages/bash/bash-sandbox)), and consumer ([dsh-tool-bash](../../packages/bash/tool-bash), the `bash` schema). Generic background-task ids, ownership, and controls live in [tasks.md](tasks.md); this seam returns a task-free process handle.
 
 Source: [`packages/bash/bash/src/types.ts`](../../packages/bash/bash/src/types.ts)
 
@@ -35,15 +35,6 @@ interface BashExecRequest {
    * uses shell syntax like `FOO=bar cmd`).
    */
   env?: Record<string, string> | undefined
-  /**
-   * Opaque OWNER token for a background task — the consumer's isolation key
-   * (the tool layer passes the owning agent's `session.header.id`). The
-   * executor stores it on the task and exposes it via {@link BashExecutor.ownerOf};
-   * the executor itself NEVER interprets it (no access policy lives in the
-   * seam — that is the consumer's job). Absent for foreground runs and for an
-   * ownerless background start (a non-agent caller).
-   */
-  owner?: OwnerToken | undefined
   /**
    * Explicit per-call sandbox-policy input, overriding the executor's
    * configured default mode for THIS call. Never a silent default: a
@@ -70,10 +61,8 @@ interface BashExecSpec {
   signal?: AbortSignal | undefined
   /**
    * Bytes to write to the command's stdin (then close it), carried through
-   * verbatim from {@link BashExecRequest.stdin}. OPTIONAL on the resolved spec
-   * (unlike `owner`): it has no config default, so a missing one means "no
-   * stdin" — the safe, ordinary case — not a silent footgun, so it stays a
-   * plain optional rather than required-but-nullable (see the request field).
+   * verbatim from {@link BashExecRequest.stdin}. It has no config default, so
+   * a missing value means "no stdin" and remains an ordinary optional.
    */
   stdin?: string | undefined
   /**
@@ -85,19 +74,10 @@ interface BashExecSpec {
    */
   env?: Record<string, string> | undefined
   /**
-   * Opaque owner token, REQUIRED-but-nullable (mirrors `workdir`/`timeoutMs`
-   * being required on the resolved spec): {@link BashExecutor.resolve} carries
-   * the request's `owner` through, defaulting a missing one to `undefined`. A
-   * required field makes a forgotten owner a VISIBLE `undefined` rather than a
-   * silently-absent property that yields an unowned (cross-session-readable)
-   * task. `start()` stores it; `run()` (foreground) ignores it.
-   */
-  owner: OwnerToken | undefined
-  /**
-   * The sandbox mode this call executes under, REQUIRED-but-nullable for the
-   * same visibility reason as `owner`. A sandboxing executor's `resolve()`
-   * stamps the effective mode (the request's explicit override, else its
-   * configured default) so `run()`/`start()` read the spec, never the config;
+   * The sandbox mode this call executes under, required-but-nullable so every
+   * resolved spec states its policy. A sandboxing executor's `resolve()` stamps
+   * the effective mode (the request's explicit override, else its configured
+   * default) so `run()`/`start()` read the spec, never the config;
    * a non-sandboxing executor carries the request value through verbatim and
    * ignores it (`undefined` under such an executor means what its README says:
    * unconfined execution).
@@ -106,11 +86,7 @@ interface BashExecSpec {
 }
 ```
 
-The `owner` token is the isolation key: the executor stores it but never interprets it (access policy is the consumer's job), so a background task started by one agent isn't readable cross-session. A required-but-nullable field makes a forgotten owner a visible `undefined` rather than a silently-unowned task.
-
-Trusted in-process plugins use `stdin` and `env` for hook payloads and hook-specific variables. The model-facing bash tool constructs requests from its named schema fields and exposes neither input because shell syntax already provides equivalent power; tests guard against a future `...args` spread. This is request-shape discipline, not a security boundary: `dsh-bash-local` scrubs ambient credentials regardless of these fields, then overlays explicit values already held by the caller. See [the bash stdin/env RFC](../rfc/implemented/architecture/2026-06-30-bash-stdin-env-trusted-plugin-surface.md).
-
-Both ids the seam handles are [branded](core.md) (zero-cost `string` brands, the same machinery as `SessionId`/`AgentId`): `BashTaskId` (a tracked background task, generated `bash-N` by the local executor) and `OwnerToken` (the opaque isolation key). `OwnerToken` is deliberately a DISTINCT brand from `SessionId`, not an alias: the bash seam is a capability seam that must not know what an owner token *means*, so it never imports `dsh-session`'s vocabulary — the `dsh-tool-bash` consumer is the single boundary that casts the owning agent's `SessionId` into an `OwnerToken`. Branding both stops a raw `string` (or a `BashTaskId` where an `OwnerToken` is expected, or vice versa) from slipping through the type checker on the model-facing `task_id` path.
+`stdin` and `env` are trusted in-process plugin inputs and are not exposed by `dsh-tool-bash`. The local executor scrubs ambient credentials before merging explicit caller-supplied env. See [the bash-stdin-env RFC](../rfc/implemented/architecture/2026-06-30-bash-stdin-env-trusted-plugin-surface.md).
 
 ## Foreground runs: `BashRunResult`
 
@@ -154,9 +130,9 @@ interface CollectedOutput {
 
 ## File sandbox: `BashSandboxInfo`
 
-A sandbox-consuming executor (`dsh-bash-sandbox`) exposes its configured fallback through `BashExecutor.sandboxMode`. The tool layer folds each agent session's durable `bash/sandbox-mode` override, stamps the effective mode onto the request, and may replace it for one user-approved strictly wider call. It deliberately neither states the standing mode nor narrates switches; a denial result names the mode that command actually ran under. The mode/enforcement vocabulary is owned and cataloged by the [`@deepseek-ai/dsh-sandbox` seam](sandbox.md), whose provider wraps the executor's argv; modes govern FILE effects only, not network or process visibility.
+A sandbox-consuming executor exposes its configured fallback through `BashExecutor.sandboxMode`. The tool layer folds each session's durable `bash/sandbox-mode` override and may replace it for one user-approved strictly wider call. The mode/enforcement vocabulary is owned by the [`@deepseek-ai/dsh-sandbox` seam](sandbox.md); modes govern file effects only.
 
-A sandboxed run always reports the facts it executed under on `BashRunResult.sandbox`: `denied` is the executor's conservative classification of a failure as sandbox-caused (a failed exit whose stderr carries a filesystem-permission signature — never a clean exit or a signal kill), read from the collected stderr tail; `enforcement` reports how completely the selected backend governs the mode's file effects (`SandboxEnforcement = 'full' | 'partial'` — `partial` when an older Landlock ABI governs only a subset of the requested accesses; absent under `danger-full-access`, where nothing is confined); `runnerFailed` marks the opposite of a denial — the sandbox RUNNER itself failed and the command never ran (stamped only on settled background tasks; a foreground run surfaces the same condition as the thrown `SANDBOX_UNAVAILABLE` error):
+A sandboxed run reports its mode, conservative denial classification, and enforcement completeness. `runnerFailed` marks a sandbox runner failure before the command ran; foreground execution throws `SANDBOX_UNAVAILABLE`, while a settled background process has only its facts channel.
 
 ```ts type-equiv
 interface BashSandboxInfo {
@@ -195,38 +171,40 @@ interface BashSandboxInfo {
 
 One more piece completes the vocabulary: the `SANDBOX_UNAVAILABLE` error code (owned by the [sandbox seam](sandbox.md)) is what the `ctx.sandbox` provider throws — and the executor propagates — when a confined mode has no usable backend. A selected runner refusing its profile reaches the same fail-closed foreground error; a settled background task records `runnerFailed`. The model receives denial/runner facts in results, learns the effective mode only when a denial marker names it, and can request a one-shot strictly wider retry through `sandbox_permissions` plus `justification`; `ctx.approval` must grant that exact call before anything executes. The complete policy and switching design is the [sandbox RFC](../rfc/implemented/feature/2026-07-06-sandbox.md).
 
-## Background tasks: `BashTask`
+## Background processes: `BashProcess`
 
-A long-running command started with `start()` is tracked as a `BashTask`. `BashTaskStatus` is `'running' | 'completed' | 'killed'`; `done` resolves when the underlying process closes and never rejects. A sandboxing executor stamps `sandbox` once the task settles — classification runs against the settled task's collected stderr — so the field is absent while running and under an unsandboxed executor.
+`start()` returns a handle with no id or owner. `dsh-tool-bash` adapts it into `ctx.tasks.start()` hooks; the generic runtime then owns task identity and lifecycle. `done` resolves when the process closes and never rejects, reads remain valid after settlement, and sandbox facts are stamped before `done` resolves.
 
 ```ts type-equiv
-interface BashTask {
-  readonly id: BashTaskId
-  status: BashTaskStatus
+interface BashProcess {
+  /** Process lifecycle state (settled exactly once). */
+  status: BashProcessStatus
   /** Exit code once finished (null = killed by signal / still running). */
   exitCode: number | null
   /** Terminating signal name, when signal-killed. */
   signal: NodeJS.Signals | null
-  /** Resolves when the underlying process closes (never rejects). */
+  /** Resolves when the underlying process closes (never rejects — a spawn failure settles as `killed` with the error on stderr). */
   readonly done: Promise<void>
+  /** Sandbox facts, stamped once a confined process settles. */
+  sandbox?: BashSandboxInfo
   /**
-   * Sandbox facts for this task's execution, stamped by a sandboxing executor
-   * once the task settles and BEFORE completion listeners are notified — an
-   * `onTaskDone` consumer and a `done` awaiter both see it. Denial
-   * classification runs against the settled task's collected stderr, so the
-   * field cannot exist earlier: absent while the task is running and under an
-   * executor that does not sandbox. See {@link BashSandboxInfo} for the
-   * `denied` semantics.
+   * Read output produced since the previous read (consuming — consecutive
+   * reads never re-deliver). Reads that lost data flag `lossy` and point at
+   * full-stream spill files when available.
    */
-  sandbox?: BashSandboxInfo
+  readOutput(): BashProcessRead
+  /**
+   * Kill the process group. Returns false when it had already finished
+   * (no-op); idempotent.
+   */
+  kill(): boolean
 }
 ```
 
-`readOutput()` returns an incremental `BashTaskRead` — the output produced since the previous read, with a `lossy` flag when truncation dropped unread bytes:
+`readOutput()` returns the incremental delta and spill recovery facts:
 
 ```ts type-equiv
-interface BashTaskRead {
-  task: BashTask
+interface BashProcessRead {
   /** Output produced since the previous read (stderr in a marked section). */
   delta: string
   /** True when truncation dropped unread bytes the delta cannot include. */
@@ -240,4 +218,4 @@ interface BashTaskRead {
 
 ## The service
 
-`BashExecutor` (`ctx.bash`, abstract — defined in [`packages/bash/bash/src/index.ts`](../../packages/bash/bash/src/index.ts)) mirrors the `LlmService`/`LlmAdapter` split: `resolve` (request → spec), `run` (foreground), `start` (background), `get`/`ownerOf`/`list`/`readOutput`/`kill`, and `onTaskDone` (a `BashTaskListener` completion callback). Spawned commands get a **scrubbed env** (dropping `*KEY*`/`*SECRET*`/`*TOKEN*`) and spill files use a private 0700 dir with random names and owner-only opens — model output never gets the ambient environment or a predictable path. The implementation that provides all this is `dsh-bash-local`; the model-facing `bash`/`bash_output`/`bash_kill` schemas that call it are in `dsh-tool-bash` (and present as terminals via the [tool-presentation vocabulary](tools.md#tool-presentation-ui-vocabulary)).
+`BashExecutor` owns `resolve`, foreground `run`, background-process `start`, and the `sandboxMode` capability fact. `dsh-bash-local` owns process groups, timeout/abort handling, bounded collectors, spill files, credential scrubbing, and disposal quiescence. `dsh-tool-bash` owns model-facing rendering and adapts background handles into the [generic task runtime](tasks.md).

docs/core-data-structures/core.md

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ Everything else is documented on a **sub-page**, not here. The rule that draws t
 | [tools.md](tools.md) | `ToolDefinition` full fields, the schema DSL, `ToolExecution`/`ToolResult`, tool-presentation UI types, and the guarded execution pipeline |
 | [user-interaction.md](user-interaction.md) | the UI-backed human question/answer seam: `AskUserQuestionRequest`, answer/options vocabulary, provider API, error taxonomy |
 | [approval.md](approval.md) | the one-shot user-approval seam: `ApprovalRequest`, `ApprovalOutcome`, per-session policy, audit and answerer contracts |
-| [bash.md](bash.md) | the bash executor seam: `BashExecRequest`/`Spec`, `BashRunResult`, background `BashTask`s |
+| [bash.md](bash.md) | the bash executor seam: `BashExecRequest`/`Spec`, `BashRunResult`, background `BashProcess` handles |
 | [sandbox.md](sandbox.md) | the process-confinement seam: file-effect modes, `SandboxPolicy`, `ConfinedArgv`, enforcement and fail-closed errors |
 | [code-runtime.md](code-runtime.md) | the code-execution seam: `CodeRunRequest`/`Result`, binding namespaces, captured logs, the `CodeRunFailure` taxonomy |
 | [filesystem.md](filesystem.md) | the filesystem seam: `FsTarget`, read/write/edit outcomes, observed-file state, `FsErrorCode` |
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ Two large discriminated unions are the ones consumers `switch` over most: **`Str
 
 IDs that cross package boundaries are **branded** — structurally strings, but non-interchangeable at the type level (an `AgentId` can't be passed where a `CallId` is expected). Construction goes through a per-type factory; comparison, logging, and JSON behave as ordinary strings.
 
-The `Branded<B>` primitive lives in its own type-only package, [dsh-brand](../../packages/util/brand) (no runtime code, no harness-package dependency), so any package can brand the ids it owns without depending on an unrelated capability package (e.g. dsh-bash brands `BashTaskId`/`OwnerToken` via dsh-brand alone, never pulling in dsh-llm).
+The `Branded<B>` primitive lives in its own type-only package, [dsh-brand](../../packages/util/brand) (no runtime code, no harness-package dependency), so any package can brand the ids it owns without depending on an unrelated capability package.
 
 Source: [`packages/util/brand/src/index.ts`](../../packages/util/brand/src/index.ts)
 
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ Source: [`packages/util/brand/src/index.ts`](../../packages/util/brand/src/index
 type Branded<B extends string> = string & { readonly [BRAND]: B }
 ```
 
-The three core IDs: `CallId` (correlates a tool call with its result; dsh-llm), `SessionId` (dsh-session), `AgentId` (dsh-agent). Each is `Branded<'CallId'>` etc. plus a same-named factory function. Capability seams brand their own ids too — see `BashTaskId`/`OwnerToken` in [bash.md](bash.md).
+The three core IDs are `CallId`, `SessionId`, and `AgentId`. Capability packages brand their own ids too, such as `TaskId` in [tasks.md](tasks.md).
 
 ## Content blocks and messages
 

docs/core-data-structures/tasks.md

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+# Background Task Runtime
+
+Types shared by long-running producers, `ctx.tasks`, and task control surfaces. The [runtime RFC](../rfc/implemented/architecture/2026-06-20-generic-long-running-tool-runtime.md) owns the design; this page records the literal shapes from [`packages/tasks/tasks/src/types.ts`](../../packages/tasks/tasks/src/types.ts).
+
+## Ids and status
+
+`TaskId` is a [branded id](core.md#branded-ids) generated as `<kind>-N`. Access control relies on owner authorization, not id secrecy. `TaskKind` derives from a merge-extensible map; the registry treats kinds as opaque id namespaces.
+
+```ts type-equiv
+interface TaskKindMap {
+  bash: 'bash'
+  subagent: 'subagent'
+}
+```
+
+`TaskStatus` is `'running' | 'stopping' | 'completed' | 'killed' | 'failed'`; producer-specific facts belong in `TaskSnapshot.detail`.
+
+## Producer contract
+
+`TaskStart` declares identity and a starter. The runtime finishes preflight before calling `run()` and commits without a later failable step. Producers own execution resources; the runtime owns identity, access, and lifecycle state.
+
+```ts type-equiv
+interface TaskStart {
+  /** Producer kind — also the id prefix (`bash`, `subagent`, …). */
+  kind: TaskKind
+  /** One-line model-facing label (the command; the delegation description). */
+  label: string
+  /**
+   * Owning live agent. Access is fenced by its session id, and agent disposal
+   * cancels and awaits the task. The instance must be the one currently
+   * registered under its agent id. Omitting the owner creates an unowned task,
+   * open to any caller until service disposal.
+   */
+  owner?: Agent
+  /**
+   * Start the work after preflight and synchronously return its hooks. Called
+   * once; a throw leaves nothing registered, and the producer must clean up any
+   * partially started resources.
+   */
+  run(): TaskHooks
+}
+```
+
+`TaskHooks.done` is the quiescence boundary. Optional `readOutput` distinguishes consuming stream tasks from final-output-only tasks.
+
+```ts type-equiv
+interface TaskHooks {
+  /**
+   * Request termination. Must be synchronous, idempotent, and eventually settle
+   * {@link done}; throws propagate. The optional reason is forwarded verbatim.
+   */
+  cancel(reason?: string): void
+  /**
+   * Resolves after the producer releases its resources, not merely when work
+   * finishes. Must not reject; the runtime converts a rejection to `failed`.
+   * If teardown cancellation throws, the runtime may force-fail only the
+   * registry record without claiming that the work stopped.
+   */
+  done: Promise<TaskOutcome>
+  /**
+   * Consume output produced since the previous call. The producer formats
+   * truncation and spill notices. Absence marks a final-output-only task; each
+   * task has one consuming cursor.
+   */
+  readOutput?(): string
+}
+```
+
+```ts type-equiv
+interface TaskOutcome {
+  /** How the task ended: finished (`completed`), cancelled (`killed`), or broke (`failed`). */
+  status: 'completed' | 'killed' | 'failed'
+  /** Kind-specific detail rendered into status lines ('exit code: 3', 'max-tokens'). */
+  detail?: string
+  /** Final output for tasks without `readOutput`; stream tasks leave it unset. */
+  output?: string
+}
+```
+
+## Consumer views
+
+Snapshots are fresh read-only projections. `ownerSession` carries the shared `SessionId` used for authorization; completion listeners separately receive the exact owner object used for lifecycle cleanup. `reported` suppresses a completion notice after another surface has delivered or committed to deliver the terminal state.
+
+```ts type-equiv
+interface TaskSnapshot {
+  /** The registry-issued id (`<kind>-N`). */
+  id: TaskId
+  /** The producer kind the task was registered with. */
+  kind: TaskKind
+  /** The producer-supplied one-line label. */
+  label: string
+  /**
+   * Owner session id used for authorization and correlation; absent for
+   * unowned tasks. Completion listeners receive the exact {@link Agent}
+   * separately through {@link TaskDoneListener}.
+   */
+  ownerSession?: SessionId
+  /** Current lifecycle state. */
+  status: TaskStatus
+  /** Kind-specific status detail, present once the producer supplied one (usually terminal). */
+  detail?: string
+  /** Epoch ms when the task was registered. */
+  startedAt: number
+  /** Epoch ms when the task settled; absent while `running`/`stopping`. */
+  finishedAt?: number
+  /**
+   * True when a kill, read, or wait has reported or committed to report the
+   * terminal state. Completion surfaces suppress redundant notices when set.
+   */
+  reported: boolean
+}
+```
+
+```ts type-equiv
+interface TaskRead {
+  /**
+   * Stream kinds: the consuming delta since the previous read. Final-output
+   * kinds: empty while live, the terminal {@link TaskOutcome.output} (or
+   * empty) once settled — idempotent, never consumed.
+   */
+  text: string
+  /** The task's state at read time. */
+  snapshot: TaskSnapshot
+}
+```
+
+## Service behavior
+
+[`TaskService`](../../packages/tasks/tasks/src/index.ts) provides atomic `start`, caller-scoped `get` and `list`, `read`, `kill`, bounded `wait`, contained `onTaskDone` listeners, and the `attachSurface` availability fence. Authorization compares owner sessions; owner cleanup selects the exact registered `Agent` instance. See [`dsh-tasks`](../../packages/tasks/tasks/README.md) for the package contract and [`dsh-tool-tasks`](../../packages/tasks/tool-tasks/README.md) for the model-facing surface.

docs/core-data-structures/tools.md

@@ -232,4 +232,4 @@ How a tool wants its call shown in a UI (an editor tool-call card, a CLI log lin
 
 `ToolCallKind` (`'read' | 'edit' | 'delete' | 'move' | 'search' | 'execute' | 'fetch' | 'other'`) picks an icon on a generic card. `FileLocation` (`{ path, line? }`) and `FileDiff` (`{ path, oldText, newText }`) are the shared file-card vocabulary. The design is pinned in [the render-intent-union RFC](../rfc/implemented/architecture/2026-07-02-tool-render-intent-union.md); the ACP bridge maps a `diff` card to a `{ type: 'diff' }` content block, a `terminal` card to the `_meta` terminal convention, and relativizes a file card's title against the session cwd.
 
-The full presentation field docs live in [`packages/core/tools/src/presentation.ts`](../../packages/core/tools/src/presentation.ts). The bash tool's own schemas (`bash`/`bash_output`/`bash_kill`) and the executor they drive are on [bash.md](bash.md).
+The full presentation field docs live in [`packages/core/tools/src/presentation.ts`](../../packages/core/tools/src/presentation.ts). The `bash` schema and executor are on [bash.md](bash.md); generic background controls are on [tasks.md](tasks.md).

docs/event-producer-consumer.md

@@ -29,10 +29,10 @@ This matrix shows which packages dispatch each harness-owned event and which pac
 | `session/disposed` | `emit` | [`packages/core/session/src/index.ts:57`](../packages/core/session/src/index.ts) | [`session`](../packages/core/session) (`events.dispatch`) | - |
 | `session/event` | `emit` | [`packages/core/session/src/index.ts:69`](../packages/core/session/src/index.ts) | [`session`](../packages/core/session) (`events.dispatch`) | [`acp`](../packages/ui/acp), [`invariants`](../packages/support/invariants), [`jsonrpc`](../packages/ui/jsonrpc), [`session-persistence`](../packages/session-persistence/session-persistence), [`stdio`](../packages/ui/stdio) |
 | `session/flush` | `parallel` | [`packages/core/session/src/index.ts:79`](../packages/core/session/src/index.ts) | [`session`](../packages/core/session) (`events.dispatch`) | [`session-persistence`](../packages/session-persistence/session-persistence) |
-| `subagent/end` | `emit` | [`packages/subagent/subagent/src/index.ts:92`](../packages/subagent/subagent/src/index.ts) | [`subagent`](../packages/subagent/subagent) (`events.dispatch`) | [`hooks-claude`](../packages/hooks/hooks-claude), [`jsonrpc`](../packages/ui/jsonrpc) |
-| `subagent/provider-added` | `emit` | [`packages/subagent/subagent/src/index.ts:66`](../packages/subagent/subagent/src/index.ts) | [`subagent`](../packages/subagent/subagent) (`emit`) | [`tool-subagent`](../packages/subagent/tool-subagent) |
-| `subagent/provider-removed` | `emit` | [`packages/subagent/subagent/src/index.ts:72`](../packages/subagent/subagent/src/index.ts) | [`subagent`](../packages/subagent/subagent) (`events.dispatch`) | [`tool-subagent`](../packages/subagent/tool-subagent) |
-| `subagent/start` | `emit` | [`packages/subagent/subagent/src/index.ts:83`](../packages/subagent/subagent/src/index.ts) | [`subagent`](../packages/subagent/subagent) (`events.dispatch`) | [`hooks-claude`](../packages/hooks/hooks-claude) |
+| `subagent/end` | `emit` | [`packages/subagent/subagent/src/index.ts:108`](../packages/subagent/subagent/src/index.ts) | [`subagent`](../packages/subagent/subagent) (`events.dispatch`) | [`hooks-claude`](../packages/hooks/hooks-claude), [`jsonrpc`](../packages/ui/jsonrpc) |
+| `subagent/provider-added` | `emit` | [`packages/subagent/subagent/src/index.ts:82`](../packages/subagent/subagent/src/index.ts) | [`subagent`](../packages/subagent/subagent) (`emit`) | [`tool-subagent`](../packages/subagent/tool-subagent) |
+| `subagent/provider-removed` | `emit` | [`packages/subagent/subagent/src/index.ts:88`](../packages/subagent/subagent/src/index.ts) | [`subagent`](../packages/subagent/subagent) (`events.dispatch`) | [`tool-subagent`](../packages/subagent/tool-subagent) |
+| `subagent/start` | `emit` | [`packages/subagent/subagent/src/index.ts:99`](../packages/subagent/subagent/src/index.ts) | [`subagent`](../packages/subagent/subagent) (`events.dispatch`) | [`hooks-claude`](../packages/hooks/hooks-claude) |
 | `system-prompt/assemble` | `waterfall` | [`packages/core/system-prompt/src/index.ts:27`](../packages/core/system-prompt/src/index.ts) | [`system-prompt`](../packages/core/system-prompt) (`waterfall`) | - |
 | `system-prompt/change` | `emit` | [`packages/core/system-prompt/src/index.ts:33`](../packages/core/system-prompt/src/index.ts) | [`system-prompt`](../packages/core/system-prompt) (`emit`) | - |
 | `tools/change` | `emit` | [`packages/core/tools/src/index.ts:116`](../packages/core/tools/src/index.ts) | [`tools`](../packages/core/tools) (`emit`) | - |

docs/i18n/terminology.md

@@ -78,12 +78,14 @@
 | block | 块 | | | |
 | build target | 构建目标 | | | |
 | cancel | 取消 | | | |
-| capability | 能力 | | | |
+| feature | 功能 | | 能力 | SDK 产品与工程模型中的可管理产品单元 |
+| feature option | 功能选项 | | variant | 一项 SDK 功能内有限、可选择的实现或配置 |
 | checkpoint | 检查点 | | | |
 | chunk | 分片 | | | |
 | compaction | 压缩 | 压缩（compaction） | | |
 | companion tool | 配套工具 | | | |
-| config | 配置 | | | |
+| Cordis plugin config | Cordis 插件配置 | | | Cordis 插件公开的 `Config` 对象或配置结构 |
+| config key | 配置键 | | | Cordis 插件配置中的单个字段 |
 | consumer | 消费方 | | | |
 | content block | 内容块 | | | |
 | Cookbook | 实操手册 | | | 文档标题用语 |
@@ -91,10 +93,13 @@
 | counterpart | 对侧文件 | | 对应物、配对物 | 双语配对语境；泛指"另一侧"时可写「另一侧」 |
 | context compaction | 上下文压缩 | 上下文压缩（context compaction） | | |
 | contract | 契约 | | | 如：`pairing contract` →`配对契约` |
+| Cordis config entry | Cordis 配置项 | | | 指 `cordis.yml` 插件列表中的一项；插件实现本身写`Cordis 插件` |
+| Cordis plugin | Cordis 插件 | | | Cordis 加载的插件实现，不指 `cordis.yml` 中的一项配置 |
 | coverage | 覆盖率 | | | |
 | crash recovery | 崩溃恢复 | | | |
 | deploy root | 部署根目录 | | | |
 | durability | 持久性 | | | |
+| feature requirement | 功能依赖 | | | 功能或功能选项通过 `requires` 声明的关系 |
 | enforcement frontier | 执行红线 | | 强制边界 | i18n 配对机制用语：manifest `required` 清单所划的门禁生效范围；与金标样例（style-samples ⑦）一致 |
 | event | 事件 | | | |
 | event log | 事件日志 | | | |
@@ -123,6 +128,7 @@
 | mod | 模组 | | | |
 | model provider | 模型提供方 | | | |
 | module | 模块 | | | |
+| npm dependency | NPM 依赖 | | | `package.json` 中的包关系；`dependencies`、`devDependencies` 等字段保持原样 |
 | orphan | 遗留 | | 孤儿、孤立 | 指英文源已不存在的 `.zh.md`（如「遗留译文」）；进程语境按 OS 惯用语译「孤儿进程」 |
 | orphan branch | 孤立分支 | | 孤儿分支 | 沿用 git 官方中文翻译 |
 | package | 包 | 包（package） | | 指 npm 包（`@deepseek-ai/dsh-*`）；`package.json` 等代码标识保持原样 |

docs/module-graph.md

@@ -126,6 +126,14 @@ flowchart TD
     pkg_sandbox_local["sandbox-local"]
     pkg_sandbox_policy["sandbox-policy"]
   end
+  subgraph group_sdk["packages/sdk"]
+    pkg_helper["helper"]
+    pkg_scripts["scripts"]
+  end
+  subgraph group_tasks["packages/tasks"]
+    pkg_tasks["tasks"]
+    pkg_tool_tasks["tool-tasks"]
+  end
   subgraph group_workflow["packages/workflow"]
     pkg_tool_workflow["tool-workflow"]
     pkg_workflow["workflow"]
@@ -133,6 +141,8 @@ flowchart TD
   end
   pkg_llm --> pkg_brand
   pkg_code_runtime_worker --> pkg_code_runtime
+  pkg_helper --> pkg_brand
+  pkg_scripts --> pkg_app_boot
   pkg_llm_deepseek --> pkg_llm
   pkg_llm_pi_ai --> pkg_llm
   pkg_session --> pkg_brand
@@ -147,7 +157,6 @@ flowchart TD
   pkg_agent --> pkg_scope
   pkg_agent --> pkg_session
   pkg_agent --> pkg_system_prompt
-  pkg_bash --> pkg_brand
   pkg_bash --> pkg_sandbox
   pkg_fs --> pkg_brand
   pkg_fs --> pkg_llm
@@ -199,6 +208,10 @@ flowchart TD
   pkg_user_interaction --> pkg_llm
   pkg_time_context --> pkg_agent
   pkg_time_context --> pkg_system_prompt
+  pkg_tasks --> pkg_agent
+  pkg_tasks --> pkg_brand
+  pkg_tasks --> pkg_session
+  pkg_tasks --> pkg_timeout
   pkg_workflow --> pkg_agent
   pkg_workflow --> pkg_brand
   pkg_workflow --> pkg_llm
@@ -235,9 +248,11 @@ flowchart TD
   pkg_agent_loop --> pkg_tools
   pkg_tool_bash --> pkg_agent
   pkg_tool_bash --> pkg_bash
+  pkg_tool_bash --> pkg_llm
   pkg_tool_bash --> pkg_sandbox
   pkg_tool_bash --> pkg_sandbox_policy
   pkg_tool_bash --> pkg_system_prompt
+  pkg_tool_bash --> pkg_tasks
   pkg_tool_bash --> pkg_tools
   pkg_tool_bash --> pkg_user_approval
   pkg_tool_fs --> pkg_fs
@@ -290,6 +305,10 @@ flowchart TD
   pkg_repeat_tool_guard --> pkg_tools
   pkg_mcp_client --> pkg_llm
   pkg_mcp_client --> pkg_tools
+  pkg_tool_tasks --> pkg_agent
+  pkg_tool_tasks --> pkg_system_prompt
+  pkg_tool_tasks --> pkg_tasks
+  pkg_tool_tasks --> pkg_tools
   pkg_tool_workflow --> pkg_agent
   pkg_tool_workflow --> pkg_llm
   pkg_tool_workflow --> pkg_system_prompt
@@ -308,6 +327,7 @@ flowchart TD
   pkg_tool_subagent --> pkg_agent
   pkg_tool_subagent --> pkg_llm
   pkg_tool_subagent --> pkg_subagent
+  pkg_tool_subagent --> pkg_tasks
   pkg_tool_subagent --> pkg_tools
   pkg_hooks_claude --> pkg_agent
   pkg_hooks_claude --> pkg_hook_protocol
@@ -331,8 +351,10 @@ flowchart TD
   pkg_agent_spine_demo --> pkg_skill
   pkg_agent_spine_demo --> pkg_skill_local
   pkg_agent_spine_demo --> pkg_system_prompt
+  pkg_agent_spine_demo --> pkg_tasks
   pkg_agent_spine_demo --> pkg_tool_bash
   pkg_agent_spine_demo --> pkg_tool_skill
+  pkg_agent_spine_demo --> pkg_tool_tasks
   pkg_agent_spine_demo --> pkg_tools
   pkg_workflow_workerthread --> pkg_agent
   pkg_workflow_workerthread --> pkg_brand
@@ -379,6 +401,8 @@ flowchart TD
 | [`jsonrpc-demo`](../packages/examples/jsonrpc-demo) | `examples` | — |
 | [`llm`](../packages/llm/llm) | `llm` | [`brand`](../packages/util/brand) |
 | [`code-runtime-worker`](../packages/code-runtime/code-runtime-worker) | `code-runtime` | [`code-runtime`](../packages/code-runtime/code-runtime) |
+| [`helper`](../packages/sdk/helper) | `sdk` | [`brand`](../packages/util/brand) |
+| [`scripts`](../packages/sdk/scripts) | `sdk` | [`app-boot`](../packages/ui/app-boot) |
 | [`llm-deepseek`](../packages/llm/llm-deepseek) | `llm` | [`llm`](../packages/llm/llm) |
 | [`llm-pi-ai`](../packages/llm/llm-pi-ai) | `llm` | [`llm`](../packages/llm/llm) |
 | [`session`](../packages/core/session) | `core` | [`brand`](../packages/util/brand), [`llm`](../packages/llm/llm), [`scope`](../packages/core/scope) |
@@ -386,7 +410,7 @@ flowchart TD
 | [`web`](../packages/web/web) | `web` | [`llm`](../packages/llm/llm) |
 | [`sandbox`](../packages/sandbox/sandbox) | `sandbox` | [`llm`](../packages/llm/llm) |
 | [`agent`](../packages/core/agent) | `core` | [`brand`](../packages/util/brand), [`llm`](../packages/llm/llm), [`scope`](../packages/core/scope), [`session`](../packages/core/session), [`system-prompt`](../packages/core/system-prompt) |
-| [`bash`](../packages/bash/bash) | `bash` | [`brand`](../packages/util/brand), [`sandbox`](../packages/sandbox/sandbox) |
+| [`bash`](../packages/bash/bash) | `bash` | [`sandbox`](../packages/sandbox/sandbox) |
 | [`fs`](../packages/fs/fs) | `fs` | [`brand`](../packages/util/brand), [`llm`](../packages/llm/llm), [`sandbox`](../packages/sandbox/sandbox) |
 | [`compact`](../packages/compact/compact) | `compact` | [`llm`](../packages/llm/llm), [`session`](../packages/core/session) |
 | [`web-fetch-local`](../packages/web/web-fetch-local) | `web` | [`timeout`](../packages/util/timeout), [`web`](../packages/web/web) |
@@ -410,6 +434,7 @@ flowchart TD
 | [`user-approval`](../packages/ui/user-approval) | `ui` | [`agent`](../packages/core/agent), [`brand`](../packages/util/brand), [`llm`](../packages/llm/llm), [`scope`](../packages/core/scope), [`session`](../packages/core/session), [`system-prompt`](../packages/core/system-prompt) |
 | [`user-interaction`](../packages/ui/user-interaction) | `ui` | [`agent`](../packages/core/agent), [`llm`](../packages/llm/llm) |
 | [`time-context`](../packages/context/time-context) | `context` | [`agent`](../packages/core/agent), [`system-prompt`](../packages/core/system-prompt) |
+| [`tasks`](../packages/tasks/tasks) | `tasks` | [`agent`](../packages/core/agent), [`brand`](../packages/util/brand), [`session`](../packages/core/session), [`timeout`](../packages/util/timeout) |
 | [`workflow`](../packages/workflow/workflow) | `workflow` | [`agent`](../packages/core/agent), [`brand`](../packages/util/brand), [`llm`](../packages/llm/llm) |
 | [`tools`](../packages/core/tools) | `core` | [`agent`](../packages/core/agent), [`code-runtime`](../packages/code-runtime/code-runtime), [`llm`](../packages/llm/llm), [`scope`](../packages/core/scope), [`session`](../packages/core/session), [`system-prompt`](../packages/core/system-prompt), [`user-approval`](../packages/ui/user-approval) |
 | [`bash-sandbox`](../packages/bash/bash-sandbox) | `bash` | [`bash`](../packages/bash/bash), [`bash-local`](../packages/bash/bash-local), [`sandbox`](../packages/sandbox/sandbox), [`sandbox-policy`](../packages/sandbox/sandbox-policy) |
@@ -417,7 +442,7 @@ flowchart TD
 | [`permission`](../packages/ui/permission) | `ui` | [`bash`](../packages/bash/bash), [`sandbox`](../packages/sandbox/sandbox), [`sandbox-policy`](../packages/sandbox/sandbox-policy), [`session`](../packages/core/session), [`user-approval`](../packages/ui/user-approval) |
 | [`stdio`](../packages/ui/stdio) | `ui` | [`agent`](../packages/core/agent), [`llm`](../packages/llm/llm), [`session`](../packages/core/session), [`user-interaction`](../packages/ui/user-interaction) |
 | [`agent-loop`](../packages/core/agent-loop) | `core` | [`agent`](../packages/core/agent), [`llm`](../packages/llm/llm), [`scope`](../packages/core/scope), [`session`](../packages/core/session), [`session-persistence`](../packages/session-persistence/session-persistence), [`system-prompt`](../packages/core/system-prompt), [`tools`](../packages/core/tools) |
-| [`tool-bash`](../packages/bash/tool-bash) | `bash` | [`agent`](../packages/core/agent), [`bash`](../packages/bash/bash), [`sandbox`](../packages/sandbox/sandbox), [`sandbox-policy`](../packages/sandbox/sandbox-policy), [`system-prompt`](../packages/core/system-prompt), [`tools`](../packages/core/tools), [`user-approval`](../packages/ui/user-approval) |
+| [`tool-bash`](../packages/bash/tool-bash) | `bash` | [`agent`](../packages/core/agent), [`bash`](../packages/bash/bash), [`llm`](../packages/llm/llm), [`sandbox`](../packages/sandbox/sandbox), [`sandbox-policy`](../packages/sandbox/sandbox-policy), [`system-prompt`](../packages/core/system-prompt), [`tasks`](../packages/tasks/tasks), [`tools`](../packages/core/tools), [`user-approval`](../packages/ui/user-approval) |
 | [`tool-fs`](../packages/fs/tool-fs) | `fs` | [`fs`](../packages/fs/fs), [`llm`](../packages/llm/llm), [`sandbox`](../packages/sandbox/sandbox), [`sandbox-policy`](../packages/sandbox/sandbox-policy), [`session`](../packages/core/session), [`system-prompt`](../packages/core/system-prompt), [`tools`](../packages/core/tools), [`user-approval`](../packages/ui/user-approval) |
 | [`tool-skill`](../packages/skill/tool-skill) | `skill` | [`agent`](../packages/core/agent), [`llm`](../packages/llm/llm), [`skill`](../packages/skill/skill), [`tools`](../packages/core/tools) |
 | [`subagent`](../packages/subagent/subagent) | `subagent` | [`agent`](../packages/core/agent), [`llm`](../packages/llm/llm), [`scope`](../packages/core/scope), [`tools`](../packages/core/tools) |
@@ -430,14 +455,15 @@ flowchart TD
 | [`tool-ask-user`](../packages/ui/tool-ask-user) | `ui` | [`agent`](../packages/core/agent), [`tools`](../packages/core/tools), [`user-interaction`](../packages/ui/user-interaction) |
 | [`repeat-tool-guard`](../packages/guard/repeat-tool-guard) | `guard` | [`agent`](../packages/core/agent), [`tools`](../packages/core/tools) |
 | [`mcp-client`](../packages/mcp/mcp-client) | `mcp` | [`llm`](../packages/llm/llm), [`tools`](../packages/core/tools) |
+| [`tool-tasks`](../packages/tasks/tool-tasks) | `tasks` | [`agent`](../packages/core/agent), [`system-prompt`](../packages/core/system-prompt), [`tasks`](../packages/tasks/tasks), [`tools`](../packages/core/tools) |
 | [`tool-workflow`](../packages/workflow/tool-workflow) | `workflow` | [`agent`](../packages/core/agent), [`llm`](../packages/llm/llm), [`system-prompt`](../packages/core/system-prompt), [`tools`](../packages/core/tools), [`workflow`](../packages/workflow/workflow) |
 | [`subagent-acp`](../packages/subagent/subagent-acp) | `subagent` | [`agent`](../packages/core/agent), [`llm`](../packages/llm/llm), [`subagent`](../packages/subagent/subagent), [`subagent-subprocess`](../packages/subagent/subagent-subprocess) |
 | [`subagent-inprocess`](../packages/subagent/subagent-inprocess) | `subagent` | [`agent`](../packages/core/agent), [`llm`](../packages/llm/llm), [`session`](../packages/core/session), [`subagent`](../packages/subagent/subagent), [`system-prompt`](../packages/core/system-prompt), [`tools`](../packages/core/tools) |
-| [`tool-subagent`](../packages/subagent/tool-subagent) | `subagent` | [`agent`](../packages/core/agent), [`llm`](../packages/llm/llm), [`subagent`](../packages/subagent/subagent), [`tools`](../packages/core/tools) |
+| [`tool-subagent`](../packages/subagent/tool-subagent) | `subagent` | [`agent`](../packages/core/agent), [`llm`](../packages/llm/llm), [`subagent`](../packages/subagent/subagent), [`tasks`](../packages/tasks/tasks), [`tools`](../packages/core/tools) |
 | [`hooks-claude`](../packages/hooks/hooks-claude) | `hooks` | [`agent`](../packages/core/agent), [`hook-protocol`](../packages/hooks/hook-protocol), [`llm`](../packages/llm/llm), [`session`](../packages/core/session), [`subagent`](../packages/subagent/subagent), [`tools`](../packages/core/tools) |
 | [`subagent-mock`](../packages/support/subagent-mock) | `support` | [`agent`](../packages/core/agent), [`llm`](../packages/llm/llm), [`subagent`](../packages/subagent/subagent) |
 | [`jsonrpc`](../packages/ui/jsonrpc) | `ui` | [`agent`](../packages/core/agent), [`llm`](../packages/llm/llm), [`llm-deepseek`](../packages/llm/llm-deepseek), [`session`](../packages/core/session), [`subagent`](../packages/subagent/subagent) |
-| [`agent-spine-demo`](../packages/examples/agent-spine-demo) | `examples` | [`agent`](../packages/core/agent), [`agent-loop`](../packages/core/agent-loop), [`invariants`](../packages/support/invariants), [`llm`](../packages/llm/llm), [`session`](../packages/core/session), [`skill`](../packages/skill/skill), [`skill-local`](../packages/skill/skill-local), [`system-prompt`](../packages/core/system-prompt), [`tool-bash`](../packages/bash/tool-bash), [`tool-skill`](../packages/skill/tool-skill), [`tools`](../packages/core/tools) |
+| [`agent-spine-demo`](../packages/examples/agent-spine-demo) | `examples` | [`agent`](../packages/core/agent), [`agent-loop`](../packages/core/agent-loop), [`invariants`](../packages/support/invariants), [`llm`](../packages/llm/llm), [`session`](../packages/core/session), [`skill`](../packages/skill/skill), [`skill-local`](../packages/skill/skill-local), [`system-prompt`](../packages/core/system-prompt), [`tasks`](../packages/tasks/tasks), [`tool-bash`](../packages/bash/tool-bash), [`tool-skill`](../packages/skill/tool-skill), [`tool-tasks`](../packages/tasks/tool-tasks), [`tools`](../packages/core/tools) |
 | [`workflow-workerthread`](../packages/workflow/workflow-workerthread) | `workflow` | [`agent`](../packages/core/agent), [`brand`](../packages/util/brand), [`llm`](../packages/llm/llm), [`session`](../packages/core/session), [`subagent`](../packages/subagent/subagent), [`tools`](../packages/core/tools), [`workflow`](../packages/workflow/workflow) |
 | [`subagent-fork`](../packages/subagent/subagent-fork) | `subagent` | [`agent`](../packages/core/agent), [`session`](../packages/core/session), [`subagent`](../packages/subagent/subagent), [`subagent-inprocess`](../packages/subagent/subagent-inprocess) |
 | [`subagent-spawn`](../packages/subagent/subagent-spawn) | `subagent` | [`subagent`](../packages/subagent/subagent), [`subagent-inprocess`](../packages/subagent/subagent-inprocess) |

docs/rfc/INDEX.md

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ Generated by `pnpm run gen-rfc-index` from the RFC tree — never edit by hand;
 | [Interactive side sessions and merge-back](proposed/feature/2026-07-08-interactive-side-sessions.md) | 2026-07-08 |
 | [SQLite FTS5 session search](proposed/feature/2026-07-10-sqlite-session-query-provider.md) | 2026-07-10 |
 | [Stream workflow progress through tool calls](proposed/feature/2026-07-13-stream-workflow-progress-through-tool-calls.md) | 2026-07-13 |
+| [Developer-owned SDK projects](proposed/feature/2026-07-14-sdk-developer-projects.md) | 2026-07-14 |
 
 ### Simplification
 
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ Generated by `pnpm run gen-rfc-index` from the RFC tree — never edit by hand;
 | Title | First proposed |
 |---|---|
 | [Runtime schemas for the event vocabulary (Zod vs the merge-extensible-map pattern)](proposed/architecture/2026-06-16-typed-event-schemas.md) | 2026-06-16 |
-| [Extract a generic long-running tool runtime](proposed/architecture/2026-06-20-generic-long-running-tool-runtime.md) | 2026-06-20 |
+| [SDK project editing architecture](proposed/architecture/2026-07-15-sdk-project-editing-architecture.md) | 2026-07-15 |
 
 ### Process
 
@@ -37,6 +38,7 @@ Generated by `pnpm run gen-rfc-index` from the RFC tree — never edit by hand;
 | [Architectural conformance — dependency rules and the adapter kit](proposed/process/2026-06-11-architectural-conformance.md) | 2026-06-11 |
 | [Supply chain checks and vendor drift verification](proposed/process/2026-06-11-supply-chain-and-vendor-drift.md) | 2026-06-11 |
 | [Discover package inventories instead of maintaining static lists](proposed/process/2026-06-20-discover-package-inventory.md) | 2026-06-20 |
+| [Periodic human-review maintenance for dsh-code-review](proposed/process/2026-07-13-human-review-skill-maintenance.md) | 2026-07-13 |
 
 ### Testing
 
@@ -73,6 +75,7 @@ Generated by `pnpm run gen-rfc-index` from the RFC tree — never edit by hand;
 | [The subprocess sandbox — confinement seam, native runners, escalation, and per-session modes](implemented/feature/2026-07-06-sandbox.md) | 2026-07-06 |
 | [MCP client plugin — connect to external MCP servers and bridge their tools](implemented/feature/2026-07-07-mcp-client-plugin.md) | 2026-07-07 |
 | [The session prefix — request-only messages in front of the derived history](implemented/feature/2026-07-07-session-prefix.md) | 2026-07-07 |
+| [Background subagent tasks](implemented/feature/2026-07-08-background-subagent-tasks.md) | 2026-07-08 |
 | [Repeat-tool-call guard plugin](implemented/feature/2026-07-08-repeat-tool-guard.md) | 2026-07-08 |
 | [The self-referential cordis toolset](implemented/feature/2026-07-08-self-referential-cordis-toolset.md) | 2026-07-08 |
 | [Exact session query service](implemented/feature/2026-07-10-session-query-service.md) | 2026-07-10 |
@@ -128,6 +131,7 @@ Generated by `pnpm run gen-rfc-index` from the RFC tree — never edit by hand;
 | [Shared persistence write coordinator](implemented/architecture/2026-06-18-shared-persistence-write-coordinator.md) | 2026-06-18 |
 | [Branded IDs everywhere they belong](implemented/architecture/2026-06-20-branded-ids.md) | 2026-06-20 |
 | [Extract example apps into packages](implemented/architecture/2026-06-20-extract-example-app-packages.md) | 2026-06-20 |
+| [The background task runtime (`ctx.tasks`) and generic task control tools](implemented/architecture/2026-06-20-generic-long-running-tool-runtime.md) | 2026-06-20 |
 | [Reorganize packages into a modular hierarchy](implemented/architecture/2026-06-20-package-hierarchy.md) | 2026-06-20 |
 | [Mandatory `User-Agent` attribution for provider requests](implemented/architecture/2026-06-21-mandatory-app-attribution-headers.md) | 2026-06-21 |
 | [Web capability seam - stable tools over multiple providers](implemented/architecture/2026-06-24-web-capability-seam.md) | 2026-06-24 |

docs/rfc/implemented/architecture/2026-06-13-capability-seams.md

@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@ This is distinct from "who provides vs. needs a capability at runtime", which Co
 
 A swappable capability is **three packages**:
 
-1. **Interface** — an abstract service + the vocabulary types, owning the `ctx.<key>` and depending only on cordis (e.g. `dsh-bash`: `BashExecutor`, `BashRunResult`, `BashTask`).
+1. **Interface** — an abstract service + the vocabulary types, owning the `ctx.<key>` and depending only on its vocabulary dependencies (e.g. `dsh-bash`: `BashExecutor`, `BashRunResult`, `BashProcess`).
 2. **Implementation** — a concrete subclass loaded as a plugin (e.g. `dsh-bash-local`: subprocesses, process-group kills, spill-file truncation). Sandboxed/remote backends are sibling packages implementing the same interface.
-3. **Consumer** — what the model and plugins see (e.g. `dsh-tool-bash`: the `bash`/`bash_output`/`bash_kill` tool schemas). Consumers `inject` the interface key and never import implementation types.
+3. **Consumer** — what the model and plugins see (e.g. `dsh-tool-bash`: the `bash` schema, with background handles registered into the generic task runtime). Consumers `inject` the interface key and never import implementation types.
 
 Implementation and consumer then evolve independently: a sandboxed executor replaces `dsh-bash-local` without touching a tool schema.
 

docs/rfc/implemented/architecture/2026-06-20-generic-long-running-tool-runtime.md

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+# RFC: The background task runtime (`ctx.tasks`) and generic task control tools
+
+Status: implemented
+
+## Problem
+
+Background bash originally combined two responsibilities: the bash executor ran processes and also managed task ids, ownership, incremental reads, cancellation, completion listeners, and model-facing control tools. Adding background subagents required the same lifecycle and interaction contract. Implementing that contract independently for every long-running capability would duplicate isolation, cleanup, notification, and prompt behavior while teaching the model a different collect-and-stop protocol for each producer.
+
+The task registry, control tools, and completion notices form one harness capability. Bash and subagents should supply execution-specific hooks without owning generic task behavior.
+
+## Decision
+
+The `tasks/` package group owns background-task semantics:
+
+- `@deepseek-ai/dsh-tasks` registers running work as `ctx.tasks` and owns task ids, authorization, snapshots, reads, cancellation, waiting, completion listeners, and cleanup.
+- `@deepseek-ai/dsh-tool-tasks` exposes `task_output`, `task_list`, and `task_kill`, injects completion notices, and supplies the background-task system-prompt guidance.
+
+Long-running tools are producers. `dsh-tool-bash` adapts a `BashProcess` into incremental output and process cancellation; `dsh-tool-subagent` adapts a child run into final output and child disposal. The execution seams remain independent of sessions and the task registry.
+
+`TaskService` is a concrete, process-local service. TODO(task-service-backend): separate its public contract from the implementation when a second backend defines the required lifecycle; a systemd-backed runtime is one plausible driver, but this PR does not speculate about its durability, reconnect, ownership, or observation semantics.
+
+## Runtime contract
+
+The literal types live in the [task data-structure catalog](../../../core-data-structures/tasks.md). A producer calls `ctx.tasks.start()` with a kind, label, optional owning `Agent`, and a `run()` function. The runtime completes all failable preflight work before calling `run()` and invokes it once. After `run()` returns hooks, registration commits without another failable step; a producer cannot start work that lacks a collectable task id.
+
+The producer hooks define three responsibilities:
+
+- `cancel(reason?)` synchronously requests termination, is idempotent, and must cause `done` to settle.
+- `done` never rejects and settles only after the producer has released the task's resources.
+- Optional `readOutput()` returns the next consuming output delta. Omitting it declares a final-output task whose terminal result comes from `TaskOutcome.output`.
+
+Statuses are `running`, `stopping`, `completed`, `killed`, and `failed`. Producer-specific information such as an exit code or stop reason belongs in `detail`; the registry does not interpret it. Task kinds form a merge-extensible string union, and task ids are branded and generated as `<kind>-N`, with a counter per kind.
+
+The runtime attaches one continuation to `done`, records the first terminal outcome, resolves waiters, and invokes completion listeners with per-listener error containment. First-wins settlement matters during teardown: if `cancel` throws, the runtime force-fails the record and warns that work may be orphaned rather than waiting forever for a promise that may never settle. A later producer outcome cannot overwrite that diagnosis or notify twice. A `cancel` that returns without eventually settling `done` still blocks teardown because the runtime cannot distinguish it from a slow, valid stop.
+
+Task registrations are not effects of the producer tool fiber. Reloading a tool or control-surface plugin therefore does not kill work owned by an agent and backend. The task service's own disposal cancels all live tasks and awaits contract-compliant producers.
+
+## Authorization and owner lifecycle
+
+Task ids are runtime-global and predictable, so every access is authorized by the registry. `get`, `read`, `wait`, and `kill` accept the calling `Agent`; `list` returns only tasks visible to that caller. An owned task is accessible only to the exact owning session. Unowned tasks are open to non-agent callers and die with the task service.
+
+The snapshot stores the owner's branded `SessionId` for authorization, while lifecycle operations retain the exact live `Agent` instance. These identities serve different purposes: session equality grants access, but exact object identity selects cleanup and completion delivery. Reusing an agent or session id cannot redirect an old scope's cleanup or notices to a replacement.
+
+The first task for an owner attaches one asynchronous effect to `owner.ctx`. Agent-scope disposal cancels that owner's live tasks, awaits their terminal records, and removes their snapshots. This effect survives producer reloads and joins the agent's existing quiescence boundary. The task service retains the effect disposer so service reload can detach callbacks from still-live agent scopes after global teardown.
+
+For contract-compliant producers, `AgentHandle.dispose()` resolves only after owned background work has stopped. Work intended to outlive an agent must be started unowned; survival across runtime restarts requires a separate durable-job design.
+
+## Service surface
+
+`TaskService` provides:
+
+- `start(spec)` for preflighted, atomic registration.
+- `get(id, caller?)` and `list(caller?)` for non-consuming snapshots.
+- `read(id, caller?)` for a consuming stream delta or an idempotent final result.
+- `kill(id, caller?, reason?)` for cancellation.
+- `wait(id, timeoutMs, caller?, signal?)` for bounded terminal waiting.
+- `onTaskDone(listener)` for effect-scoped observation with exact-owner delivery and listener containment.
+- `attachSurface(name)` for the control-surface availability fence.
+
+`wait` returns the terminal snapshot when the task settles or the live snapshot when its timeout expires. Aborting a wait cancels only that wait. If settlement has already assigned terminal delivery to the waiter, the terminal snapshot still wins. Waiters unregister synchronously on abort so a same-tick settlement cannot suppress a completion notice on behalf of a reader that receives nothing.
+
+A producer loaded without any control surface would let callers start work they cannot collect or stop. `dsh-tool-tasks` therefore calls `attachSurface()` for its lifetime, and `start()` fails before producer execution when no surface is attached. This check occurs at start rather than plugin load because sibling plugins may activate concurrently. Custom non-model surfaces can attach themselves without teaching the registry tool names.
+
+## Model-facing control surface
+
+`dsh-tool-tasks` registers three kind-independent tools with generic ACP cards:
+
+- `task_output(task_id, wait?, timeout_ms?)` reads output and always appends `[status: ...]`. Stream tasks return only output since the previous read; final-output tasks return their result after settlement. Reads are non-blocking unless `wait: true`, whose timeout is defaulted and capped by plugin config. A wait timeout reports the still-running status and does not stop the task.
+- `task_list()` returns caller-visible tasks as `<id> [<kind>] <status> — <label>`, or `(no background tasks)`.
+- `task_kill(task_id, reason?)` requests cancellation immediately. The optional logged reason is forwarded to the producer. Terminal tasks report their existing status; a throwing producer cancel fails the call and leaves the task running.
+
+Stream reads share one task-scoped consuming cursor because the owning model is the intended reader. A UI or multiple independent readers need a separate non-consuming observation API; sharing this cursor would let readers consume one another's output.
+
+The system prompt tells the model to retain task ids, continue independent work instead of busy-polling or duplicating a running task, collect relevant tasks before its final answer, and kill work that no longer matters. Completion injects a logged `context/message` into the exact owner's session; it becomes durable context for the next request but does not wake an idle agent.
+
+The runtime marks a terminal task `reported` when a read or wait delivers it, when a live waiter has claimed delivery at settlement, or when the model explicitly kills it. Reported tasks do not inject redundant completion notices. Listener failures are logged independently, do not stop later listeners, and are not awaited by waiters or teardown.
+
+## Producer opt-in
+
+Each producer owns whether its schema exposes `run_in_background` through defaulted config. `dsh-tool-bash` and each `dsh-tool-subagent` instance use `enableRunInBackground`, defaulting to true. A disabled instance omits the parameter and also rejects a forced background argument at execution because the generic argument validator permits undeclared keys. Schema omission advertises the capability; the execution check enforces it.
+
+`ctx.tasks` does not rewrite producer schemas. A bundle forwards configuration only for producers it owns. If a background call reaches `start()` without an attached surface, the runtime fence fails before execution.
+
+## Producer integrations
+
+The bash seam exposes `resolve`, `run`, and `start`. `start(spec)` returns a `BashProcess` with incremental reads, cancellation, exit facts, and a non-rejecting quiescence promise. The local executor retains live handles only so its own disposal can kill and join processes. Foreground callers continue to use `resolve` and `run` directly.
+
+For background bash, `dsh-tool-bash` registers the calling agent as owner. Its hooks map `kill()` to cancellation, `done` to a completed or killed `TaskOutcome`, and `readOutput()` to the process's bounded incremental output plus spill and sandbox notices. Generic task tools own ids, status lines, listing, waiting, and completion notices.
+
+For background subagents, `dsh-tool-subagent` creates a task-owned `AbortController` and begins provider startup inside the task starter. Cancellation aborts the same signal before or after provider readiness. `done` awaits both the child result and child disposal, maps completed output to a final result, maps abort to `killed`, and maps other stop reasons or infrastructure failures to `failed`. Intermediate child history remains in the child session and is not exposed through `readOutput()`.
+
+## Alternatives considered
+
+### Per-capability control tools
+
+Separate bash and subagent output/stop tools duplicate ids, isolation, cleanup, notification, and guidance while increasing the model's schema and protocol burden. One runtime keeps execution-specific behavior in producers without cloning the task lifecycle.
+
+### An immediate abstract task-runtime backend
+
+The current `TaskStart.run()` contract passes in-process callbacks and exact `Agent` objects. A durable backend changes identity, restart, ownership, and observation semantics, so extracting an interface before a second implementation exists would freeze the wrong boundary.
+
+### Consumer-owned authorization or cleanup events
+
+Consumer-owned checks invite inconsistent or missing isolation on each new surface. A broadcast cleanup event makes every listener filter every agent and provides no registration disposer. Central authorization plus one owner-scoped effect gives every consumer the same fence and an awaited, removable lifecycle hook.
+
+### Blocking output or a separate wait tool
+
+Blocking by default would serialize the parent while background work runs. Waiting without reading would add another model call and schema without returning useful information. `task_output(wait: true)` makes blocking explicit and combines it with result delivery.
+
+The wait uses the shared deadline primitives but not the generic tool-timeout policy. A wait timeout is a successful observation that returns `[status: running]`; the generic policy would replace it with a timeout error. No tool-call timeout controls task lifetime after a task id has been returned.
+
+### Runtime-owned output sinks
+
+A push sink would centralize buffering, but bash already owns bounded buffers, truncation, and spill files behind its executor seam. Pulling formatted deltas preserves that ownership. A durable backend that owns storage may justify revisiting the producer interface.
+
+### Random ids, promotion, or lifecycle session events
+
+Authorization, not unguessability, is the access boundary, and ids do not derive filesystem paths; sequential branded ids keep transcripts readable. Foreground-to-background promotion requires a user interaction contract the SDK does not prescribe. Starts, reads, and notices are already logged as tool and context events, so dedicated task session events would duplicate model-visible facts.
+
+## Testing
+
+Unit coverage pins preflight atomicity, per-kind ids, stream and final reads, wait timeout and abort races, cancellation, first-wins settlement, listener containment, notice suppression, owner isolation, stale owner instances, owner cleanup, service teardown, and the no-surface fence. Producer tests cover bash process mapping, subagent startup cancellation, terminal mapping, and disposal. Snapshot coverage pins the control-tool schemas and prompt guidance.
+
+## Consequences
+
+Bash commands and subagents share one id vocabulary, listing, notice format, prompt habit, and set of control tools. New long-running producers implement execution hooks instead of another registry and tool family. The [tool cookbook](../../../cookbook/adding-a-tool.md) points producers to this contract.
+
+Owned background bash now stops with its agent instead of surviving it. Background processes have no executor timeout; callers must kill irrelevant work or rely on owner/service disposal. Stream reads support one consuming reader, completion notices do not wake idle agents, and a producer that returns from `cancel` without settling `done` can still stall teardown. Durable jobs, independent observation cursors, and foreground promotion remain separate designs.

docs/rfc/implemented/architecture/2026-07-02-tool-render-intent-union.md

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ interface TerminalResultView { card: 'terminal'; title?: string; output?: string
 ### Producer mapping
 
 - `dsh-tool-fs` read → `generic` (`kind:'read'`, a follow-along `location`); write → `diff` (`oldText:null`); edit → `diff` (`oldText:old_string || null`, `newText:new_string ?? ''`). This mirrors `claude-agent-acp`'s `toolInfoFromToolUse` Read/Write/Edit arms field-for-field.
-- `dsh-tool-bash` foreground → `terminal` call + `terminal` result; `run_in_background` and `bash_output`/`bash_kill` → `generic`.
+- `dsh-tool-bash` foreground → `terminal` call + `terminal` result; `run_in_background` → `generic`. The generic `task_*` controls own their own generic cards.
 - `dsh-tool-todo` → `generic`.
 
 ### Terminal fallback ownership

docs/rfc/implemented/architecture/2026-07-07-tool-call-timeout-policy.md

@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ No new session event is needed for reconstructability: `TOOL_TIMEOUT` is the fin
 
 `bash` stays on the current backend timeout path. `dsh-tool-bash` continues to expose `timeoutMs` and `run_in_background`; `dsh-bash-local` continues to use `@deepseek-ai/dsh-timeout` for `BASH_TIMEOUT`; hook bridges continue to call `runHook()` and pass `timeoutMs` through `ctx.bash`. This keeps foreground/background/hook behavior stable.
 
-`read`, `write`, `edit`, `todo_write`, `bash_output`, and `bash_kill` do not opt into tool-call timeout: they are local filesystem or short registry/session operations where a deadline would be best-effort only or unnecessary.
+`read`, `write`, `edit`, `todo_write`, `task_list`, and `task_kill` do not opt into tool-call timeout. `task_output` owns its bounded wait because a wait timeout is a successful live-status result, not a tool failure.
 
 A future model-facing grep/glob tool can be implemented on top of `ctx.bash` without importing `@deepseek-ai/dsh-timeout`: it forwards `exec.signal` to `ctx.bash`, and declares its own `timeoutMs` (from its plugin's config) for the enforcer to apply. If bash-local's backend timeout becomes a problem for such a tool, the bash seam can later add a caller-owned-deadline mode; that is outside this cut.
 

docs/rfc/implemented/feature/2026-06-21-subagent-capability-seam.md

@@ -67,6 +67,6 @@ The seam is tested through the real Cordis Loader/export path, which catches the
 ## Consequences
 
 - **Recursion.** Without a bound, an in-process child can see the delegation tool and recurse. The in-process backends implement the optional absolute depth limit and scoped live-global `toolFilter`; ACP advertises both capabilities off and rejects such a request. The [subagent composition-controls RFC](2026-07-12-subagent-persona-tool-filter-and-depth.md) owns their exact semantics and security limits.
-- **Blocking the parent turn.** Synchronous collect holds the parent's `runStep` open for the child's full duration. This is acceptable for the first cut; **background / poll / spill semantics are deferred to a future redesign that unifies long-running-tool handling across subagents AND bash** (a sub-agent and a long `bash` background task pose the same "the model started something slow, how does it collect later" problem, and should share one mechanism rather than each inventing its own).
+- **Blocking the parent turn.** Foreground collection holds the parent's step open for the child's full duration. Background delegation uses the shared `ctx.tasks` runtime and generic `task_*` tools, the same collection mechanism as background bash; the subagent seam itself remains task-agnostic.
 - **Live progress.** This cut surfaces only lifecycle + final result; a per-chunk child→parent update stream is deferred with the background redesign.
 - **ACP client surface.** Proxying `fs`/`terminal` from the ACP child back to the parent (a shared-workspace mode) is future work; the first cut advertises neither, so the child self-serves in its own process.

docs/rfc/implemented/feature/2026-07-06-sandbox.md

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ Backend profiles share the mode contract but differ in necessary host grants. La
 
 #### The bash consumer
 
-`dsh-bash-sandbox` reuses local process execution and asks `ctx.sandbox` to wrap the exact bash argv. A kernel denial is a result fact independent of exit status and is inferred only from the selected wrap's stderr dialect. Runner failure outranks denial because it means the command never ran: foreground calls throw `SANDBOX_UNAVAILABLE`, while settled background tasks set `sandbox.runnerFailed` for `bash_output`. This keeps broken confinement distinct from both task failure and an enforced denial.
+`dsh-bash-sandbox` extends `LocalBashExecutor` and hands `ctx.sandbox` the exact `['bash', '-c', command]` argv it is about to spawn. A denial is an orthogonal result fact, conservatively classified from the active runner's stderr dialect. A runner failure outranks denial: foreground execution throws `SANDBOX_UNAVAILABLE`; a settled `BashProcess` stamps `sandbox.runnerFailed`, and the bash producer renders it through generic `task_output`.
 
 The model's view is result facts only: the static tool description explains the denial marker (`[sandbox: file access denied under <mode> mode]`), encourages attempting commands that may be denied, and forbids retrying around a denial; when the escalation fields are advertised, a denied result additionally carries the escalation hint itself, so the sanctioned same-turn retry is prompted at the decision point rather than depending on the model recalling the description (§ Escalation). No prompt section states the sandbox mode (§ Per-session modes).
 
@@ -78,13 +78,13 @@ The model's view is result facts only: the static tool description explains the
 
 `BashExecRequest.sandboxMode` is an optional per-call input; resolved specs make the field explicit. `BashExecutor.sandboxMode` advertises whether the mounted executor can honor it, so only a confining composition exposes escalation. The seam accepts any explicit mode; the tool owns the wider-only escalation rule. Non-sandboxing executors remain honestly unconfined.
 
-`SandboxBashExecutor.resolve()` stamps the effective mode — escalation grant > session override > configured default — so `run()`/`start()` read the spec, never the config. The `danger-full-access` branch, the confine call, and the result facts all key off the spec's mode, and the per-task facts map carries each task's mode alongside its wrap facts (`notifyTaskDone()` stamps from the map entry): one escalated call — foreground or background — reports the mode it ACTUALLY ran under while every neighbor keeps its own.
+`SandboxBashExecutor.resolve()` stamps the effective mode — escalation grant > session override > configured default — so `run()`/`start()` read the spec, never the config. Per-process wrap facts are keyed by the returned `BashProcess`; `onProcessDone()` classifies stderr and stamps that handle before `done` resolves, so overlapping processes retain their own modes and runner dialects.
 
 When a confining executor is mounted, `bash` advertises paired `sandbox_permissions` and `justification` fields. The schema exposes the full closed escalation vocabulary because effective mode is per-session; execution rejects any target that is not strictly wider than that call's effective mode. Approval resolves before execution. `allowed-once` stamps the granted mode onto only that request, while `rejected`, `cancelled`, `unavailable`, a missing approval service, or a missing agent all fail closed with distinct results. No grant is persisted.
 
 Escalation is a same-turn retry of the denied command with the narrowest sufficient `sandbox_permissions` and a `justification`; the approval prompt is the consent step. It must be grounded in an actual denial, except when the session already observed the same denied access, and a disabled or rejected approval ends that command. The retry, approval decision, and result use existing tool and approval events. `dsh-tool-bash` owns the ask because the executor seam has neither the agent nor call id required for user interaction.
 
-Left open, recorded for the phase that picks them up: what a grant's scope identity is beyond the sandbox mode — the exact call, a path, a command prefix, the session, a time window — the question `allow_always` grant storage must answer before that option can be advertised; and how escalation is defined for `run_in_background` denials that arrive via `bash_output`.
+Left open: what a durable grant's scope identity is beyond the sandbox mode — exact call, path, command prefix, session, or time window — before an `allow_always` option can be advertised.
 
 #### Per-session modes: the session log as the store
 
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ Costs and accepted limits:
 - **`bwrap` is installed on my host but unusable (disabled unprivileged userns, an LSM denying `mount`) — what happens?** The chain probe is functional — it builds and enforces a real profile rather than checking `--version` — so a present-but-unusable `bwrap` fails its probe, selection falls to the registry-installed Landlock launcher, and the verdict is cached for the provider's lifetime.
 - **Does the sandbox restrict network or process visibility?** No — `SandboxMode` claims FILE effects only; the bwrap profile deliberately does not unshare pid, and no backend claims network. Whether network restriction becomes its own knob is left open in § The seam.
 - **Which tools actually run confined?** OS subprocesses through `ctx.bash` — the bash tools, and hook commands transitively — plus the filesystem tools (`read`/`write`/`edit`) through the sandboxed `ctx.fs` provider (the [cross-family fs sandbox RFC](2026-07-14-cross-family-fs-sandbox.md)): bash confines via the OS runner, fs via an in-process path fence, both keying off the same `ctx.sandboxPolicy` mode. web/todo stay in-process and unfenced (web's only effect is network, outside the file-effect mode vocabulary).
-- **Does a granted escalation persist, or cover background tasks?** Neither: the grant is consumed by the very call that asked (foreground or background), that one call reports the mode it actually ran under, and every neighbor keeps its own. How escalation should be DEFINED for a background denial that only surfaces later via `bash_output` is left open in § Escalation.
+- **Does a granted escalation persist?** No. The grant is consumed by the exact foreground or background call that asked; every neighboring call keeps its own effective mode. A later background denial surfaces through `task_output` and may ground a new exact-command retry.
 - **When does an editor's mode switch take effect?** Mid-turn: appended immediately, honored by the very next call's stamp. Idle: held on the bridge's session record, anchored at the next `agent/prompt-submit` inside its open turn, with N flips coalescing to at most one event (none if net-zero); a crash before anchoring reverts it and `session/load` reports the truth. The model is not told — its next command simply behaves under the new mode.
 - **What survives a restart — and what if the operator changed the config default while the process was down?** Overrides replay from the session log (`effective = fold ?? config`), so a resumed session keeps its modes with zero catch-up machinery; a default that drifted offline changes behavior the same way a switch does (the approval policy, being stated, is additionally narrated with operator/config attribution).
 - **What does `enforcement: 'partial'` on a result mean?** The selected backend enforces the subset its kernel ABI governs — e.g. Landlock before ABI v3 does not govern path truncate — and says so structurally instead of refusing the host; the probe's report line distinguishes the cases. The bwrap and Seatbelt profiles govern every promised file effect by construction, so they always report `full`.
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ Costs and accepted limits:
 In-repo precedents this design copies or contrasts with:
 
 - [The capability-seams RFC](../architecture/2026-06-13-capability-seams.md) — the interface/implementation/consumer split and the "don't split preemptively" timing rule the second consumer satisfied.
-- The `dsh-bash` request/spec split and its `owner` field ([the bash vocabulary catalog](../../../core-data-structures/bash.md)) — the per-call carrier template `sandboxMode` rides, and the explicit-`resolve()` defaulting convention.
+- The `dsh-bash` request/spec split ([the bash vocabulary catalog](../../../core-data-structures/bash.md)) — the per-call carrier template `sandboxMode` rides, and the explicit-`resolve()` defaulting convention.
 - [The approval seam RFC](2026-07-06-approval-seam.md) — the channel escalation asks through; its answerer waterfall, audit pair, and one-package rationale are recorded there.
 - [Event-sourced sessions](../architecture/2026-06-11-event-sourced-sessions.md) and [the turn-enclosure invariant](../architecture/2026-06-15-turn-enclosure-invariant.md) — the log-as-store foundation the per-session modes fold over, and the commit boundary the anchoring design obeys.
 - [The interception-seams RFC](2026-06-30-interception-seams.md) — the `tools/pre-execute` vocabulary the escalation gate deliberately does not reuse (an escalating call has no pre-execute moment of its own).

docs/rfc/implemented/feature/2026-07-08-background-subagent-tasks.md

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+# RFC: Background subagent tasks
+
+Status: implemented
+
+## Problem
+
+The [subagent seam](2026-06-21-subagent-capability-seam.md) returns a `SubagentRun`, but the model-facing tool originally collected every run synchronously. Independent, slow delegations therefore held the parent call open or ran serially.
+
+Subagents need the same start, collect, list, stop, ownership, notification, and cleanup behavior as other long-running tools without adopting process-stream semantics. The child session remains the detailed trace; the parent needs the final answer and task status. A background child also outlives its starting tool call, so its cancellation and owner-disposal contracts must be explicit.
+
+## Decision
+
+Each `dsh-tool-subagent` instance may expose `run_in_background`, controlled by `enableRunInBackground` and enabled by default. A disabled instance omits the parameter and rejects a forced background argument at execution. Provider selection remains deployment configuration, so one instance still registers one distinctly named tool for one provider.
+
+Background subagents use the [generic background task runtime](../architecture/2026-06-20-generic-long-running-tool-runtime.md). Collection, listing, cancellation, completion notices, and prompt guidance come from `task_output`, `task_list`, and `task_kill`; there are no subagent-specific companion tools.
+
+Foreground calls retain their synchronous contract: await provider startup and `run.result`, return final text only for `completed`, map other terminal reasons to an errored tool result, and always dispose the run before returning.
+
+For a background call, the tool validates the parent and refuses an already-aborted execution signal before calling `ctx.tasks.start()`. The task runtime preflights the control surface and owner cleanup before invoking the producer starter. That starter creates an independent `AbortController` and begins `ctx.subagents.start()`; after the id is returned, the tool-call signal no longer owns the child.
+
+The task registration maps the subagent seam as follows:
+
+- `kind` is `subagent`, `label` is the model-supplied description, and `owner` is the parent agent.
+- `cancel(reason?)` aborts the task-owned controller. The same signal covers pending provider startup and the ready child.
+- `done` awaits provider startup, the child result, and `run.dispose()`. Completed runs return final text, aborted runs become `killed`, and other stop reasons become `failed`. Startup, result, and disposal failures become failed outcomes rather than rejected task promises.
+- `readOutput` is absent. While live, `task_output` returns status only; after settlement, it returns final output idempotently. Intermediate child activity remains in the child session.
+
+## Lifecycle
+
+A background subagent belongs to its parent agent and is not durable across owner closure. The task runtime attaches cleanup to the exact owner's scope. Agent disposal cancels the task and awaits startup rollback or child disposal before `AgentHandle.dispose()` resolves, preventing leaked child agents and sessions.
+
+Completion notices target the exact owner captured at start. If owner teardown has already disposed the injection target, the notice is dropped; cleanup, not notification, is the lifecycle guarantee.
+
+## Model guidance
+
+The generic task prompt teaches the shared habit: retain ids, continue independent work instead of busy-polling, collect relevant tasks before answering, and kill irrelevant work. The subagent schema adds only that background mode returns a task id and that `task_output` collects the result. Authorization and owner cleanup enforce the runtime boundary independently of prompt compliance.
+
+## Alternatives considered
+
+### Subagent-specific wait, output, and stop tools
+
+Capability-specific tools would duplicate the task protocol, teach another collect-and-stop habit, and complicate multiple provider instances. The generic runtime provides the required behavior without changing the tool's one-provider-per-instance shape.
+
+### Survival after owner closure
+
+Survival requires persistent task state, child-session recovery, a late-result delivery channel, and policy for abandoned owners. Owner-scoped cleanup gives process-local work a clear lifetime. Durable jobs require a separate design.
+
+### No owner checks for isolated clients
+
+Agents and logs may be session-scoped, but the task registry and predictable ids are runtime-global. The generic owner fence therefore applies to subagents like every other producer.
+
+### Incremental child transcript output
+
+Streaming child history into the parent would blur the log boundary and make provider behavior diverge. This surface exposes final output only; richer observation belongs to session or UI tooling.
+
+## Testing
+
+Unit coverage pins stop-reason mapping, dispose-before-report behavior, startup and result failures, pre-aborted refusal, detachment from the starting call's signal, cancellation before and after provider readiness, collection through the real task tools, the no-surface preflight fence, missing-runtime failure, and per-instance schema gating. Snapshot coverage pins the model-facing schemas.
+
+## Consequences
+
+The parent can fan out slow delegations and collect them through the same task controls used by bash. Child work no longer occupies the starting tool call, but it can consume resources until collected, killed, or owner-disposed. Prompt guidance encourages collection; owner cleanup provides the hard lifetime boundary. Deployments that require synchronous delegation can disable background mode per tool instance.

docs/rfc/implemented/process/2026-07-02-tool-schema-catalog.md

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ The filesystem discovers the tool-package inventory and the completeness guard r
 
 ### Scope
 
-Shipped product tool PACKAGES under `packages/*/tool-*`, each booted with its default config: `dsh-tool-bash` (`bash`, `bash_output`, `bash_kill`), `dsh-tool-todo` (`todo_write`), `dsh-tool-subagent` (`subagent`). The `examples/` demo tools (`echo`) are excluded, matching the cordis catalog's packages-only scope — a demo tool is not part of the product surface a reader is cataloguing.
+Shipped product tool packages under `packages/*/tool-*`, each booted with its default config, including `dsh-tool-bash` (`bash`), `dsh-tool-tasks` (`task_output`, `task_list`, `task_kill`), and `dsh-tool-subagent` (`subagent`). Example-only tools are excluded.
 
 The catalog unit is a package, not every configured tool instance. Each package boots once with default config; load-time aliases such as `subagent_fork` are noted without enumerating every deployment permutation. A deployment inventory is a separate, unbounded surface.
 

docs/rfc/proposed/architecture/2026-06-20-generic-long-running-tool-runtime.md

@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-# RFC: Extract a generic long-running tool runtime
-
-Status: proposed
-
-## Problem
-
-The bash capability seam supports both foreground commands and long-running background tasks. Background support is large: the abstract executor exposes `start`, `get`, `ownerOf`, `list`, `readOutput`, `kill`, and `onTaskDone`; the local executor tracks tasks, incremental reads, owner tokens, process cleanup, and completion listeners; the model sees three tools (`bash`, `bash_output`, `bash_kill`); the tool plugin injects completion notices back into the owning agent's session. The local executor fences task access behind owner tokens because predictable global task ids are a cross-session read/kill hazard.
-
-The [tool cookbook](../../../cookbook/adding-a-tool.md) already points at the real design smell: background bash is really generic long-running-tool infrastructure living inside one tool. If future tools need background execution, polling, kill, ownership, and completion notices, those semantics should not be hidden in `dsh-bash`.
-
-## Proposal
-
-Move long-running task semantics above bash into a tool-agnostic runtime. Bash remains able to run background commands, but it stops owning the general concepts of task ids, ownership tokens, polling, cancellation, completion notifications, and model-facing "read/kill this task" commands.
-
-The runtime should own:
-
-- Stable task ids and owner tokens keyed to the calling session/agent.
-- Registration of a long-running task with a producer for incremental output and a completion promise.
-- Generic read/cancel/list operations with the same cross-session authorization rule for every tool.
-- Completion notification injection into the owning session.
-- Presentation hooks for pending/running/completed task state, with bash supplying only command-specific labels and output formatting.
-
-`dsh-bash` then keeps the bash-specific execution contract: resolve a request into a command spec, run a foreground command, or start a process and hand its streams/process handle to the generic runtime. `dsh-tool-bash` keeps the model-facing command tool, but the follow-up operations become generic long-running-tool operations or a shared utility that bash registers with, rather than bespoke `bash_output`/`bash_kill` plumbing.
-
-## Current seam consumption
-
-Current consumers split cleanly: `dsh-tool-bash` uses the full foreground/background seam, while hook bridges use only foreground `resolve` and `run` with trusted `stdin` and `env`. `get` and `list` are test-only; `BashTask.done` is implementation-only for disposal, while production completion uses `onTaskDone`. An extracted runtime should expose one public completion mechanism, preserve the simple foreground path for hooks, and decide whether background `timeoutMs` belongs on `start`. If it owns process spawning, it should also centralize the duplicated credential scrub.
-
-## Acceptance criteria
-
-- The bash-specific packages no longer define the generic task registry, owner-token authorization, polling, cancellation, or completion-notification machinery.
-- A shared long-running-task service or tool layer owns those semantics and is documented as the path for any future background-capable tool.
-- Bash background behavior remains available through the shared layer, with tests proving cross-session isolation still holds.
-- ACP and snapshot fixtures render background bash through the shared task vocabulary, not through bash-only lifecycle semantics.
-- The [tool cookbook](../../../cookbook/adding-a-tool.md) points long-running tools at the shared runtime instead of telling each tool to invent its own task protocol.
-
-## Risks
-
-The bash package loses local ownership of an already-working background-task implementation, and the implementing PR may temporarily churn model-facing tool names or transcript presentation. That churn is worthwhile if it leaves one background-task contract instead of making every future long-running tool clone bash's private protocol.
-
-<!-- rfc-format: alternatives-not-recorded (pre-format RFC) -->

docs/rfc/proposed/architecture/2026-07-15-sdk-project-editing-architecture.i18n.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# Bilingual-pair consistency record (docs/i18n/README.md): the git blob hash of each
+# side as of the last confirmed-consistent state. Both languages carry equal authority;
+# after editing either side, bring the other along and re-record with:
+#   pnpm run verify-translation-pairing --write
+2026-07-15-sdk-project-editing-architecture.md: 985cc22c159c68801b78262aa96c7422bdfa1318
+2026-07-15-sdk-project-editing-architecture.zh.md: 6a194e8e5f193e62bfc283fd93a5fde0367fe196

docs/rfc/proposed/architecture/2026-07-15-sdk-project-editing-architecture.md

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+# RFC: SDK project editing architecture
+
+Status: proposed
+
+English | [中文](2026-07-15-sdk-project-editing-architecture.zh.md)
+
+## Problem
+
+[Developer-owned SDK projects](../feature/2026-07-14-sdk-developer-projects.md) are created through create, adjusted through config, and built and run through commands such as start. Initial creation, configuration changes, and build and runtime commands all need to understand features, feature options, npm dependencies, Cordis config entries, environment variables, package managers, local plugins, and several project files. If each project-reading and project-writing workflow uses a separate interpretation protocol, the SDK developer workflows become difficult to maintain.
+
+## Proposal
+
+The SDK uses one shared object-oriented project model. `SdkProject` is a read-only snapshot, and `ProjectEditSession` is the only mutation and commit boundary. Feature objects own their feature options, relationships, resource contributions, and current-state inspection. Create and config orchestrate only their respective user workflows and modify projects through the same domain operations.
+
+Structured files are modified through document objects, while one-shot text artifacts are generated from complete templates. Questions are typed objects presented through clack. Diff calculation may remain an edit-session implementation detail, but it is not a public execution protocol that callers must assemble.
+
+## Terminology
+
+| Term | Usage in this RFC | Meaning |
+|---|---|---|
+| Feature | feature | A product unit curated and managed by the SDK; one feature may contain several feature options and contribute several Cordis config entries, npm dependencies, environment placeholders, and owned files |
+| Feature option | feature option | A finite selectable implementation or configuration shape within one feature; feature rules may make options fixed, exclusive, or additive |
+| Cordis plugin | Cordis plugin | A plugin implementation loaded by Cordis, usually exported by an npm package; it is not an item in `cordis.yml` |
+| Cordis config entry | Cordis config entry | One item in the `cordis.yml` plugin list, identified as an instance by `id` and referring to a Cordis plugin through `name` |
+| Cordis plugin config | Cordis plugin config | The configuration object or shape exposed by a Cordis plugin; an individual field owned and updated by a feature is a config key |
+| config key | config key | One field in Cordis plugin config; a feature updates only the config keys it declares as owned and preserves unknown config keys |
+| npm dependency | npm dependency | A package relationship in `package.json`; literal fields such as `dependencies` and `devDependencies` keep their names |
+| Feature requirement | feature requirement | A relationship declared through `requires` by a feature or feature option |
+
+## Package boundaries
+
+| Package | Responsibility | Does not own |
+|---|---|---|
+| `@deepseek-ai/dsh-helper` | Edit sessions, feature configuration, project-template rendering, package-manager adaptation, and prompt interaction adaptation | Booting Cordis applications or deciding create/config terminal workflows |
+| `@deepseek-ai/dsh-scripts` | `dsh-sdk start/dev/build/config`, process lifecycle, project entry loading, the config workflow, and its terminal-copy templates | Interpreting feature definitions directly or modifying YAML/JSON ASTs |
+| `@deepseek-ai/create-sdk` | Arguments, question order, initial project creation, installation finish, and terminal-copy templates for `npm create @deepseek-ai/sdk` | Becoming a generated project's runtime npm dependency or providing a library API |
+
+`@deepseek-ai/create-sdk` is the only exception to the repository's `@deepseek-ai/dsh-*` naming rule. npm's scoped-initializer convention requires that package name for `npm create @deepseek-ai/sdk`. The exception is a repository architecture fact and does not add a third developer product entrypoint.
+
+The three packages export only the narrow entrypoints consumed by adjacent layers and provide no `src/*` deep imports. The scripts library entrypoint and build-config subpath serve generated code and project build configuration, while the developer product contract remains the `dsh-sdk` commands.
+
+## Project aggregate and edit session
+
+`SdkProject.create(root, request)` constructs a new project snapshot that has not been written, while `SdkProject.open(root)` loads an existing project. Open requires only readable root `package.json` and `cordis.yml` files; every other file is an optional resource. Both paths return the same read-only aggregate and distinguish their source through explicit origin state.
+
+`project.edit()` clones project documents into a working copy. Domain commands such as install, configure, enable, disable, and addPlugin modify only the working copy. Each command immediately re-inspects its owning feature, and the final commit checks all relationships and files again.
+
+```text
+validate feature requirements and resource ownership
+  -> validate every affected document
+  -> compute changed and removed paths
+  -> compare existing files with the session's original text
+  -> write through one commit boundary
+  -> return a new SdkProject snapshot and ChangeSet
+```
+
+Validation failure or an external edit causes zero writes. “One commit” means only zero pre-write side effects and one write entrypoint. `ChangeSet` describes final feature, plugin, and file changes for Review & Apply and create completion.
+
+## Features and resource ownership
+
+A feature is a first-class behavior object. Shallow base classes implement install, configure, enable, disable, required/requires validation, and common state inspection. Features with fixed, exclusive, or additive feature options share these lifecycles. Only features whose resource contributions depend on project context or require custom round-tripping use dedicated behavior classes; other features declare their actual differences through standardized data.
+
+Each feature contributes stable-keyed Cordis config entries, npm dependencies, environment placeholders, and owned files. The registry rejects two features that declare the same resource key during initialization. Different feature options within one feature may share resources, which that feature resolves from the final option set.
+
+A Cordis config entry anchors feature installation. The npm package name assigns the entry to a feature, and the entry ID distinguishes several instances of one plugin package. An npm dependency without a feature-owned Cordis config entry leaves the feature uninstalled. Once a Cordis config entry exists, a missing npm dependency, unreadable Cordis plugin config, or resource conflict puts the feature into an inconsistent state; the config command shows diagnostics and refuses speculative modification.
+
+Configuring the same feature option updates only its owned config keys and preserves unknown keys. Replacing a feature option removes old resources that are exclusive and still confirmable. If an old resource cannot be confirmed or an owned file was modified by the developer, the whole operation fails.
+
+## Questions and workflows
+
+TypeScript `Question<T>` objects keep defaults, validation, applicability, and types together. `PromptPort` is the only interface between the domain layer and the terminal library, and helper provides one thin `ClackPromptPort`. Create and config inject their own command-line input and output streams and retain ownership of cancellation, return, and completion semantics in their workflows.
+
+Create keeps its stateful question order in one wizard, while config keeps final-state selection in one workflow. Both use the same feature configurator for feature options and dedicated inputs, so adding an ordinary feature, feature option, or parameter does not require changes to both entrypoints.
+
+## Project documents and templates
+
+Only structured files that helper reads or modifies have concrete document objects: `package.json`, `cordis.yml`, `.env`, `.env.example`, the root `tsconfig.json`, and the pnpm workspace file. Document objects own parsing, cloning, validation, and serialization. Concrete classes and modules use `*File` and `*-file.ts` names respectively. Business code does not manipulate YAML/JSON ASTs directly, and malformed shapes fail loudly at the owning document boundary.
+
+README, entrypoint code, build configuration, `.gitignore`, and other one-shot text artifacts use one complete template per real file. Complete product copy such as CLI usage, creation and recovery messages, installation and retry guidance, and the default persona also comes from package-local templates owned by the package that presents it.
+
+Helper provides the generic typed `TextTemplate` renderer, and caller packages load their own templates through package-local asset URLs.
+
+Templates use Handlebars strict mode and `noEscape` without custom processing. File owners encode typed values for the target language. Template source escapes interpolation as `\{{model}}` when it must emit the downstream literal unchanged.
+
+## Command and runtime boundary
+
+Scripts supports `dsh-sdk start/dev/build/config`. Start dynamically loads a module target and calls its named entrypoint. Dev adds TypeScript and local-workspace source resolution before following the same path. Build invokes the project's installed tsdown. Config opens one edit session and commits after Review & Apply. Generated projects run `tsc -b` directly for typechecking.
+
+HMR is an explicit Cordis config entry loaded by dev and start. Its required `node-addon-require-builtin` package is supplied transitively by the scripts package and is absent from the generated project's `package.json`.
+
+Dev and start execute the developer entrypoint, where developer code handles command-line arguments and cwd. Developers pass `--model=<name>` and `--resume=<session-id>` to start the standard flow.
+
+## Repository live-link mode
+
+Create-sdk retains a hidden `--link-workspace` option for Harness repository development and e2e. The parser accepts it, but help, public flag lists, and ordinary user documentation omit it. It accepts no repository-path parameter; the repository root is derived upward from the executing create-sdk module.
+
+Link mode preserves the ordinary project file shape. `@deepseek-ai/*` points into `packages/`, Cordis-related npm dependencies point into `vendor/`, and shared lower-level packages resolve to the same physical copy used by the repository so Cordis type merging cannot produce multiple module type definitions. npm uses `file:`, pnpm uses `link:` with automatic peer installation disabled, and Yarn uses `portal:` plus resolutions. Repository packages must be built first.
+
+## Future work
+
+- **Replaceable required spine roles.** The current `spine` owns the full implementation set, including SystemPrompt and LLMService, through one fixed feature option. Developers cannot replace or switch these roles and must edit Cordis config entries manually.
+- **Service contracts and package declarations.** When replacing a builtin service, a Cordis plugin currently cannot declare the services it provides through `provides` metadata, so the SDK cannot assist configuration during development or check compatibility at runtime. A corresponding protocol remains to be designed.
+- **Feature parameter descriptions.** Feature-specific inputs currently require handwritten declarations. The SDK cannot derive interactive parameters automatically from arbitrary Cordis plugin config or npm package.json information. Future declarative metadata may expose a limited parameter set without turning arbitrary Cordis plugin config into a generic form.
+- **SDK application-level configuration.** The current project resource model describes Cordis config entries and config keys owned by individual Cordis plugins, so every SDK-managed setting must belong to one plugin. Cross-plugin or whole-application settings have no independent persistence location. Future work must define an application-level configuration document and its ownership, read, and mutation boundaries.
+
+## Alternatives considered
+
+**Keep the static Catalog and central engine.** This minimizes the initial rewrite, but feature parameters, round-tripping, owned files, and create/config reuse continue to accumulate in one coordinator. Splitting files shortens the file without consolidating responsibility.
+
+**Use `wizard.json` and a generic Questionnaire.** Static forms cannot directly express feature requirements, option switches, existing-value refill, and project-resource changes. Types, gates, and dynamic options still connect through string registries and a procedural `run()`, creating another internal DSL.
+
+**Expose the live-link flag.** The mode depends on Harness monorepo layout and unpublished packages and serves repository development only. Making it public would create a project-creation contract that the SDK cannot support outside the repository.
+
+## Acceptance criteria
+
+- Create and config modify projects only through `SdkProject` and `ProjectEditSession`; any business, document, or concurrency validation failure before writing leaves the filesystem unchanged
+- Adding an ordinary feature, feature option, or parameter extends only its typed spec or owning behavior object, without adding a central switch to create or config workflows
+- Helper owns the feature model, npm dependency and other resource configuration, and inconsistent-state detection
+- Structured files change through `*File` document objects; one-shot files and complete product copy come from package-owned Handlebars templates, and business decisions do not enter a template DSL
+- `dsh-sdk start/dev/build/config` is the runtime product surface, typecheck uses `tsc -b` directly, HMR is not injected by command mode, and only the scripts package transitively supplies `node-addon-require-builtin`
+- `--link-workspace` exists only as a hidden repository-development option and preserves one module identity under npm, pnpm, and Yarn
+
+## Risks
+
+- Behavior objects and typed specs create two extension shapes. Dedicated classes must remain limited to features that truly depend on project context or custom behavior, or the design will grow a meaningless type hierarchy
+- Optimistic concurrency checks and pre-write validation cannot recover from an I/O failure during writing; callers must still report a possible partial commit to the developer
+- Hidden link mode depends on repository layout and package-manager link semantics and must change with either one
+- The Cordis loader resolves `node-addon-require-builtin` from its own module path, so the scripts package must continue to satisfy that optional peer under npm, pnpm, and Yarn npm dependency layouts
+- Handlebars `noEscape` makes typed model construction responsible for target-language encoding; new template fields must be escaped correctly at the owning boundary, and downstream Handlebars placeholders must be escaped explicitly in template source

docs/rfc/proposed/architecture/2026-07-15-sdk-project-editing-architecture.zh.md

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+# RFC: SDK 工程编辑架构
+
+Status: proposed
+
+[English](2026-07-15-sdk-project-editing-architecture.md) | 中文
+
+## 问题
+
+[开发者拥有的 SDK 工程](../feature/2026-07-14-sdk-developer-projects.md) 由 create 创建，可以通过 config 调整，并由 start 等命令构建和运行。初始创建、配置调整和编译运行都需要理解功能、功能选项、NPM 依赖、Cordis 配置项、环境变量、包管理器、本地插件和多个项目文件。如果读写项目的各个流程分别使用不同的解析协议，SDK 开发者流程会变得难以维护。
+
+## 提案
+
+SDK 使用一个共享的面向对象工程模型。`SdkProject` 是只读快照，`ProjectEditSession` 是唯一修改与提交边界；功能对象负责自身的功能选项、关系、资源贡献和现状识别；create 与 config 只编排各自的用户流程，并通过同一组领域操作修改工程。
+
+结构化文件通过文档对象修改，一次性文本产物通过完整模板生成。问题由类型化对象表达，并使用 clack 交互。差异计算可以作为编辑会话的内部实现，但不成为要求调用方组装的公共执行协议。
+
+## 术语
+
+| 名词 | 本文用词 | 含义 |
+|---|---|---|
+| Feature | 功能 | SDK 人工策划和管理的产品单元；一项功能可以包含多个功能选项，并贡献多个 Cordis 配置项、NPM 依赖、环境变量占位和独占文件 |
+| Feature option | 功能选项 | 一项功能内有限、可选择的实现或配置形状；根据功能规则可以固定、互斥或多选 |
+| Cordis plugin | Cordis 插件 | Cordis 加载的插件实现，通常由一个 NPM 包导出；它不是 `cordis.yml` 中的一项配置 |
+| Cordis config entry | Cordis 配置项 | `cordis.yml` 插件列表中的一项，通过 `id` 标识实例并通过 `name` 指向 Cordis 插件 |
+| Cordis plugin config | Cordis 插件配置 | Cordis 插件公开的配置对象或配置结构；其中由功能拥有并更新的单个字段称为“配置键” |
+| config key | 配置键 | Cordis 插件配置中的单个字段；功能只更新自己声明拥有的配置键，并保留未知配置键 |
+| npm dependency | NPM 依赖 | `package.json` 中的包关系；`dependencies`、`devDependencies` 等字段保持原样 |
+| Feature requirement | 功能依赖 | 功能或功能选项通过 `requires` 声明的关系 |
+
+## Package 边界
+
+| Package | 责任 | 不负责 |
+|---|---|---|
+| `@deepseek-ai/dsh-helper` | 编辑会话、功能配置、工程模板渲染、包管理适配和 prompt 交互适配 | 启动 Cordis 应用或决定 create/config 的终端流程 |
+| `@deepseek-ai/dsh-scripts` | `dsh-sdk start/dev/build/config`、进程生命周期、项目入口加载、config 流程和所属终端文案模板 | 直接解释功能定义或修改 YAML/JSON AST |
+| `@deepseek-ai/create-sdk` | `npm create @deepseek-ai/sdk` 的参数、问题顺序、首次工程创建、安装收尾和所属终端文案模板 | 成为生成工程的运行时 NPM 依赖或提供库 API |
+
+`@deepseek-ai/create-sdk` 是仓库 `@deepseek-ai/dsh-*` 命名规则的唯一例外；npm scoped initializer 约定要求 `npm create @deepseek-ai/sdk` 对应这个 package 名。该例外是仓库架构事实，不增加第三个开发者产品入口。
+
+三个 package 只导出相邻层实际使用的最小入口，不提供 `src/*` 深路径。scripts 的库入口与构建配置子路径服务生成代码和项目构建配置，但开发者产品合同仍由 `dsh-sdk` 命令承担。
+
+## 工程聚合与编辑会话
+
+`SdkProject.create(root, request)` 构造尚未写盘的新工程快照，`SdkProject.open(root)` 加载已有工程。open 只要求根 `package.json` 与 `cordis.yml` 可读，其余文件是按需存在的资源；两条路径返回同一种只读聚合，并通过显式 origin 区分来源。
+
+`project.edit()` 克隆项目文档形成 working copy。install、configure、enable、disable 和 addPlugin 等领域命令只修改 working copy；命令完成后立即重新检查所属功能，最终 commit 再检查全部关系和文件。
+
+```text
+validate feature requirements and resource ownership
+  -> validate every affected document
+  -> compute changed and removed paths
+  -> compare existing files with the session's original text
+  -> write through one commit boundary
+  -> return a new SdkProject snapshot and ChangeSet
+```
+
+校验失败或检测到会话外修改时不写盘。“一次 commit”只表示写入前零副作用和单一写入口。`ChangeSet` 只描述功能、插件和文件的最终变化，用于 Review & Apply 与 create 收尾。
+
+## 功能与资源所有权
+
+功能是一等行为对象。浅层基类实现 install、configure、enable、disable、required/requires 校验和共同状态识别；固定功能选项、互斥功能选项与可多选功能选项共享这些生命周期。只有资源贡献依赖项目上下文或需要自定义 round-trip 的功能才使用专用行为类，其余功能通过标准化数据声明真正不同的部分。
+
+每项功能贡献带稳定 key 的 Cordis 配置项、NPM 依赖、环境变量占位和独占文件。注册表初始化时拒绝不同功能声明同一个资源 key；同一功能的不同功能选项可以共享资源，并由该功能根据最终选项集合处理。
+
+Cordis 配置项是功能安装锚点。NPM 包名判断配置项所属的功能，配置项 ID 区分同一插件包的多个实例；只有 NPM 依赖而没有功能拥有的 Cordis 配置项时，该功能仍视为未安装。Cordis 配置项存在后，缺失 NPM 依赖、无法读取的 Cordis 插件配置或资源冲突会使功能进入不一致状态，config 命令显示诊断并拒绝猜测式修改。
+
+同一功能选项只更新其声明拥有的配置键，保留未知键。替换功能选项会删除旧功能选项独占且仍可确认的资源；无法确认旧资源或发现独占文件被用户修改时，整个操作失败。
+
+## 问题与 workflow
+
+问题由 TypeScript `Question<T>` 对象表达，默认值、校验、适用条件和类型留在同一个对象中。`PromptPort` 是领域层与终端库之间的唯一接口，helper 提供一份薄 `ClackPromptPort`；create 和 config 注入各自的命令行输入输出流，并在各自流程中决定取消、返回和收尾语义。
+
+create 的有状态问题顺序留在一个向导中，config 的最终状态选择留在一个流程中。两者通过同一个功能配置器收集功能选项与专用输入，因此增加一项普通功能、功能选项或参数不要求同时修改两个入口。
+
+## 项目文档与模板
+
+只有需要读取或修改的结构化文件拥有具体文档对象，包括 `package.json`、`cordis.yml`、`.env`、`.env.example`、根 `tsconfig.json` 和 pnpm workspace 文件。文档对象拥有解析、克隆、校验和序列化行为；具体类与模块分别使用 `*File` 和 `*-file.ts` 命名，业务层不直接操作 YAML/JSON AST，异常形状在所属文档边界 fail loud。
+
+README、入口代码、构建配置、`.gitignore` 和其他一次性文本产物使用与真实文件一一对应的完整模板。CLI usage、创建结果与恢复提示、安装与重试指导以及默认 persona 等完整产品文案也由所属 package 的本地模板提供。
+
+helper 提供通用的数据类型化 `TextTemplate` 模板渲染器，调用 package 通过本地 asset URL 加载自己的模板。
+
+模板使用 Handlebars strict mode 与 `noEscape`，不进行自定义处理。文件对象负责把类型化数据值编码成目标语言文本；如果不希望插值，则源码以 `\{{model}}` 等转义形式输出下游。
+
+## 命令与运行边界
+
+scripts 支持 `dsh-sdk start/dev/build/config`。start 动态加载模块 target 并调用其命名入口；dev 在同一路径前增加 TypeScript 与本地 workspace 源码解析；build 调用工程安装的 tsdown；config 打开一个编辑会话并在 Review & Apply 后提交。typecheck 由生成工程直接执行 `tsc -b`。
+
+HMR 作为显式 Cordis 配置项由 dev 和 start 加载；它所需的 `node-addon-require-builtin` 由 scripts package 传递提供，不写入开发者工程的 `package.json`。
+
+dev/start 会执行开发者入口，在开发者代码中处理命令行参数、cwd，由开发者自行传入 `--model=<name>` 与 `--resume=<session-id>` 启动标准流程。
+
+## 仓库本地链接模式
+
+create-sdk 保留隐藏的 `--link-workspace` 选项供 Harness 仓库开发和 e2e 使用。该选项可以被解析，但不出现在 help、公开 flag 清单或普通用户文档中，也不接收仓库路径参数；仓库根从正在执行的 create-sdk 模块位置向上确定。
+
+链接模式保持普通工程的文件形状。`@deepseek-ai/*` 指向 `packages/`，Cordis 相关 NPM 依赖指向 `vendor/`，共享底层 package 锚定到仓库实际使用的同一物理拷贝，避免 Cordis 类型合并产生多个模块类型定义。npm 使用 `file:`，pnpm 使用 `link:` 并关闭自动 peer 安装，Yarn 使用 `portal:` 与 resolutions；仓库 package 需要先构建。
+
+## 后续工作
+
+- **可替换的 required 主干角色。** 当前 `spine` 以一个固定功能选项拥有整组实现，包含 SystemPrompt、LLMService 等。无法让开发者对其进行替换和切换，只能手工修改 Cordis 配置项。
+- **Service contract 与 package 声明。** 替换特定内建服务时，Cordis 插件目前无法通过 `provides` 元数据声明其提供的服务，因此 SDK 无法在开发阶段辅助配置，也无法在运行时检查兼容性。后续需要设计相应协议。
+- **功能参数描述。** 当前功能的专用输入必须手工声明；SDK 无法从任意 Cordis 插件配置或 NPM package.json 信息中自动推导可交互参数。后续可以定义有限的声明式参数元数据，但不把任意 Cordis 插件配置转换成通用表单。
+- **SDK 应用级配置。** 当前项目资源模型只描述 Cordis 配置项及单个 Cordis 插件拥有的配置键，因此所有受 SDK 管理的配置都必须归属某个插件。跨插件或面向整个 SDK 应用的设置没有独立持久化位置；后续需要定义应用级配置文档及其所有权、读取和修改边界。
+
+## 曾考虑的替代方案
+
+**保留静态 Catalog 与中心 engine。** 该方案改动最小，但功能参数、round-trip、独占文件和 create/config 复用都会继续进入同一个协调中心；拆文件只能缩短单文件，不能收拢职责。
+
+**使用 `wizard.json` 与通用 Questionnaire。** 静态表单无法直接表达功能依赖、选项切换、已有值回填和项目资源变化；类型、gate 和动态 option 最终仍要通过字符串 registry 与过程式 `run()` 连接，形成新的内部 DSL。
+
+**公开本地链接 flag。** 该模式依赖 Harness monorepo 布局和未发布 package，只服务仓库开发；公开后会形成无法对外兑现的项目创建合同，因此保持隐藏。
+
+## 验收标准
+
+- create 与 config 只通过 `SdkProject` 和 `ProjectEditSession` 修改工程，写入前的任何业务、文件或并发校验失败都不产生磁盘变化
+- 新增普通功能、功能选项或参数只扩展类型化 spec 或所属行为对象，create/config 流程不增加中央 switch
+- 功能模型、NPM 依赖与其他资源配置、不一致检测由 helper 统一实现
+- 结构化文件通过 `*File` 文档对象修改；一次性文件和完整产品文案通过所属 package 的 Handlebars 模板生成，业务决策不进入模板 DSL
+- `dsh-sdk start/dev/build/config` 是运行产品面，typecheck 直接使用 `tsc -b`，HMR 不通过命令隐式注入，`node-addon-require-builtin` 只由 scripts package 传递提供
+- `--link-workspace` 只作为隐藏的仓库开发选项存在，并对 npm、pnpm 和 Yarn 保持单一模块身份
+
+## 风险
+
+- 行为对象与类型化 spec 并存会形成两种扩展形状；专用类必须只用于确实依赖项目上下文或自定义的功能，否则会重新产生无意义的类型层次
+- 乐观并发检查与写前校验不能解决写入中途的 I/O 故障，调用方仍需向开发者报告可能的部分提交
+- 隐藏链接模式依赖仓库目录与 package manager 链接语义，仓库布局或工具行为变化时必须与实现一起更新
+- Cordis loader 从自身模块路径加载 `node-addon-require-builtin`；npm、pnpm 或 Yarn 的 NPM 依赖布局变化时，scripts package 必须继续满足该可选对等依赖（optional peer dependency）
+- Handlebars 的 `noEscape` 把目标语言编码责任交给 typed model 构造方；新增模板字段时必须在 owner 处完成正确转义，下游 Handlebars 占位符必须在模板源码中显式转义

docs/rfc/proposed/feature/2026-07-14-sdk-developer-projects.i18n.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# Bilingual-pair consistency record (docs/i18n/README.md): the git blob hash of each
+# side as of the last confirmed-consistent state. Both languages carry equal authority;
+# after editing either side, bring the other along and re-record with:
+#   pnpm run verify-translation-pairing --write
+2026-07-14-sdk-developer-projects.md: 0b5fe876f92153e1ccf5bd8fe383464f5087f4b1
+2026-07-14-sdk-developer-projects.zh.md: ec08f323acba1b9dc049182937fda34bfb50d4ee

docs/rfc/proposed/feature/2026-07-14-sdk-developer-projects.md

@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+# RFC: Developer-owned SDK projects
+
+Status: proposed
+
+English | [中文](2026-07-14-sdk-developer-projects.zh.md)
+
+## Problem
+
+DeepSeek Harness composes features through Cordis plugins, but building a runnable project from an empty directory still requires a developer to understand npm dependencies, the `cordis.yml` plugin set, environment variables, TypeScript builds, local-plugin workspaces, and runtime entrypoints together. These manual steps constrain one another: omitting any one can produce a project that installs but cannot be developed, develops but cannot be built, or builds but cannot start.
+
+A one-shot generator reduces only the initial creation cost. If the generated result is hidden inside a preset or an uneditable CLI, advanced developers cannot reshape the plugin tree, change Cordis plugin config, or add project-specific behavior. If a generated project immediately leaves tool management altogether, developers must again maintain consistency across all npm dependencies and Cordis plugin config themselves.
+
+Initial creation and later configuration address the same builtin feature set. When those workflows maintain separate feature lists, feature options, and npm dependencies, new Cordis plugins, npm packages, and Cordis plugin config changes make them diverge. Projects also need an ordinary local-plugin development path that participates in development, build, and start flows.
+
+## Proposal
+
+The SDK creates an ordinary, explicit TypeScript/Cordis project owned by its developer. `cordis.yml` is the only runtime plugin tree; development and production read the same file. The generated `package.json`, `cordis.yml`, TypeScript entrypoint, build configuration, and `plugins/*` remain directly editable instead of being hidden behind a preset.
+
+The only developer product entrypoints are `npm create @deepseek-ai/sdk` and the `dsh-sdk` commands. The initializer performs initial creation, `dsh-sdk config` manages SDK-recognized builtin features afterward, and `dsh-sdk dev`, `dsh-sdk build`, and `dsh-sdk start` own development, build, and startup; this phase provides no `dsh-sdk create`. Create and config consume one manually authored feature definition, so each feature has one source for its feature options, npm dependencies, Cordis config entries, related files, and inspection rules. The [SDK project editing architecture](../architecture/2026-07-15-sdk-project-editing-architecture.md) defines terms such as feature and feature option.
+
+The SDK offers interaction for feature selection and finite feature options only; it does not turn arbitrary Cordis plugin config into a generic form. A feature collects the small number of dedicated inputs required by its feature options. All other Cordis plugin config remains in `cordis.yml`, with comments documenting common edits, for direct developer control.
+
+## Developer workflow
+
+Initial creation collects information in an order where earlier answers determine later questions: target directory and package identity, model provider and credentials, run interface, builtin features and feature options, an optional local plugin, package manager, and whether to install npm dependencies and build. Command-line arguments suppress questions they already answer. Create and config require an interactive TTY in this phase, and cancelling creation writes nothing to the target directory.
+
+```sh
+npm create @deepseek-ai/sdk my-agent
+cd my-agent
+npm exec dsh-sdk dev index.ts
+npm exec dsh-sdk config
+npm exec dsh-sdk build
+npm exec dsh-sdk start index.js
+```
+
+Create rejects every target path that already exists. After committing the project files, the CLI asks whether to install npm dependencies and build. An install or build failure preserves the generated project and prints commands that can retry the failed work.
+
+Create also offers one `none / plugin / tool` choice. `plugin` creates a fixed `plugins/plugin` Cordis plugin, while `tool` creates a fixed `plugins/tool` model-facing tool; one project creation includes at most one local plugin. The operation updates the workspace, root npm dependency, TypeScript reference, build configuration, and `cordis.yml` together, and any pre-write validation failure leaves the project absent.
+
+## Features supported during creation
+
+The table is the developer-visible support set for this phase. A `required` feature is always present but may still offer finite feature options; a `default` feature is preselected in the feature tree; an `optional` feature is selected explicitly. The table describes the product support set, while the runtime registry remains the implementation source of truth.
+
+| Feature | Create state | Feature options | Constraints and relationships |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| `provider` | required | `deepseek` (default) / `custom` | DeepSeek collects an API key; custom also collects a base URL, and a CLI option may override the model name |
+| `app` | required | `stdio` (default) / `acp` / `embed` | Selects the run interface |
+| `spine` | required | `default` | Timer, the LLM seam, session storage, system prompt, the tool registry, the agent registry, and the agent loop |
+| `bash` | required | `local` (default) / `sandbox` | The two feature options are exclusive and independent of the run interface, and both install the model-facing bash tool; sandbox installs the local sandbox provider and sandboxed bash backend |
+| `persistence` | required | `jsonl` (default) / `sqlite` | Every project selects exactly one persistence backend |
+| `hmr` | default | `default` | Loads `@cordisjs/plugin-hmr`; dev and start both enable it with the plugin defaults |
+| `fs` | default | `local` | Installs the local filesystem, policy, and model-facing tools; the process sandbox does not confine in-process fs tools |
+| `todo` | default | `default` | Provides the `todo_write` tool |
+| `skill` | default | `default` | Installs the skill registry, the local skill provider, and the model-facing skill tool |
+| `web` | optional | `deepseek` (default) / `exa` / `perplexity` / `fetch-only` | Search feature options are exclusive; Exa and Perplexity collect their API keys; timeout policy is recommended |
+| `subagent` | optional | `spawn` (default) / `fork`, multiple | This phase provides only in-process backends |
+| `workflow` | optional | `workerthread` | Requires the subagent `spawn` feature option |
+| `compact` | optional | `basic` | Uses SDK-provided context-compaction parameters |
+| `hooks` | optional | `claude` (default) / `codex`, multiple | Each feature option creates a separate editable configuration file |
+| `guard` | optional | `repeat-tool` | Provides repeated-tool-call reminders |
+| `timeout-policy` | optional | `default` | Applies a uniform policy to tools that declare timeout budgets |
+| `ask-user` | optional | `default` | Provides the `ask_user_question` tool; only `acp` and `stdio` can select it because those two feature options provide the injected user-interaction service |
+
+Both `bash` feature options apply to ACP, stdio, and embed and are not selected by the run interface. The sandbox feature option writes no active config key and therefore keeps `dsh-bash-sandbox`'s `read-only` default. Generated `cordis.yml` includes a commented example that developers can change explicitly to `workspace-write`:
+
+```yaml
+- id: bash
+  name: '@deepseek-ai/dsh-bash-sandbox'
+  # Uncomment to allow writes under the project workspace.
+  # config:
+  #   mode: workspace-write
+  #   workspaceRoot: !!js process.cwd()
+```
+
+Feature contributions reference only single-plugin npm packages and never bundle packages such as `agent-spine-demo`, `stdio-demo`, or `acp-demo`. Plugins outside the table are not managed by create in this phase; advanced developers may still compose them by editing the ordinary project files directly.
+
+## Generated project
+
+With default answers, an npm project uses the DeepSeek provider, the stdio interface, local bash, JSONL persistence, and the preselected hmr, fs, todo, and skill features. Its initial tree is:
+
+```text
+my-agent/
+├── .env
+├── .env.example
+├── .gitignore
+├── README.md
+├── cordis.yml
+├── index.ts
+├── package.json
+├── tsconfig.base.json
+├── tsconfig.json
+└── tsdown.config.ts
+```
+
+`.env.example` always exists, and the SDK keeps its placeholders aligned with the current feature set. A gitignored `.env` is also created when a secret is captured or the developer confirms an empty credential to fill later. The SDK only appends differently named variables that are not already present in `.env` and never updates or removes existing contents. Feature-option changes may remove obsolete `.env.example` placeholders, while old credentials remain in `.env` for the developer to manage. pnpm and Yarn projects add their required workspace files, but do not fork the runtime plugin tree or TypeScript entrypoint.
+
+Generated `package.json` provides the following scripts. `dev`, `build`, `start`, and `config` invoke `dsh-sdk`, while `typecheck` invokes TypeScript directly:
+
+| Script | Behavior |
+|---|---|
+| `dev` | Run `dsh-sdk dev index.ts`, registering development-time resolution for TypeScript and local workspace plugins |
+| `build` | Run `dsh-sdk build`, invoking the project's installed tsdown for the root entrypoint and `plugins/*` packages |
+| `typecheck` | Run `tsc -b` directly |
+| `start` | Run `dsh-sdk start index.js`, starting the built entrypoint without an implicit build |
+| `config` | Run `dsh-sdk config` to edit the current project's feature tree |
+
+`dsh-sdk start` and `dsh-sdk dev` accept a module target and forward arguments after `--` unchanged to the project entrypoint. Generic argument parsing uses Node `parseArgs()` with zero schema: valued flags use `--key=value`, bare flags become `true`, and `--no-*` becomes `false`.
+
+- Stdio projects pass the selected model through `--model=<name>` and create or resume an agent according to optional `--resume=<session-id>`;
+- ACP uses protocol `session/load`
+- Embed uses the model written into the generated code.
+
+Each feature-owned Cordis config entry keeps its developer-editable Cordis plugin config and explanatory comments in `cordis.yml`. When `dsh-sdk config` changes other features, it preserves unknown fields, formatting on untouched nodes, and comments. HMR is an ordinary leaf config entry: when the feature is selected, dev and start load the same watcher, and the command does not change the plugin tree implicitly.
+
+## Post-creation configuration
+
+`dsh-sdk config` requires only readable root `package.json` and `cordis.yml` files in the current directory. It inspects standard features and their current feature options, expresses the final desired state through one feature tree, and shows feature changes and affected files before Review & Apply.
+
+`dsh-sdk config` can install missing features, enable or disable installed features, and switch finite feature options. Required features cannot be removed. An npm dependency change runs the project package manager's install once after the file commit; installation failure does not roll back committed project files.
+
+The SDK modifies only Cordis config entries, config keys, npm dependencies, `.env.example` placeholders, and owned files explicitly owned by a feature. Updating the same feature option preserves unknown config keys in its Cordis config entries. Handwritten and third-party plugins support enable and disable by stable ID only. When a known feature has been edited into an incomplete, ambiguous, or otherwise unreadable shape, `dsh-sdk config` displays diagnostics and refuses automatic changes until the developer repairs it manually.
+
+One config session accumulates every change in an in-memory working copy. Before Apply, it validates feature relationships, resource conflicts, and document shapes, then compares each affected existing file with the text read when the session opened. Validation failure or an external edit causes zero writes. Once physical writes begin, the SDK does not provide cross-file transactional rollback.
+
+## Maintenance model
+
+The SDK curates its builtin support set instead of exposing npm packages automatically by npm dependency name or directory convention. One feature may compose several Cordis config entries, feature options may share resources, and a feature option may declare a feature requirement on another feature or a specific feature option. Adding an ordinary feature or feature option does not require changes to both create and config command workflows.
+
+## Future work
+
+- `dsh-sdk add [package-spec]` unifies local-plugin creation with external Cordis plugin installation: without a package or repository source it creates a local plugin/tool, while a supplied source adds the npm dependency and `cordis.yml` config entry; the source model leaves room for GitHub repositories and other extensions
+- Non-interactive create/config: both workflows require a TTY in this phase and provide no complete input contract for automation
+- More feature-specific inputs: this product surface exposes only finite feature options, secrets, and a few dedicated values in this phase rather than a generic parameter interface for Cordis plugin config
+
+## Alternatives considered
+
+**An opaque preset or generator-owned project.** This shortens initial creation but hides the real plugin tree and build boundaries, prevents advanced developers from composing Cordis plugins directly, and makes project behavior depend on the CLI version rather than committed project files.
+
+**A one-shot generator only.** Leaving all later maintenance manual redistributes feature requirements, feature-option switches, and multi-file updates. A config workflow over the shared registry retains continuing management for generated projects.
+
+**Separate `cordis.yml` files for development and production.** Two plugin trees mean a successful development run does not demonstrate that production loads the same features. Dev adds only TypeScript and local-workspace resolution; runtime configuration remains singular.
+
+**A generic form for arbitrary Cordis plugin config.** Cordis plugin config contains nested structures, expressions, and plugin-specific semantics. A generic form would become a second incomplete schema. The SDK manages finite feature options and dedicated secrets, while developers continue to edit complex config directly.
+
+**A private local-plugin discovery protocol.** Ordinary package-manager workspaces, root npm dependencies, TypeScript references, and Cordis config entries already express the complete relationship. Another discovery protocol would create hidden state understood only by the SDK.
+
+**A `dsh-sdk create` command for existing projects.** Create already provides one editable local-plugin skeleton, and later plugins can use ordinary workspace and Cordis mechanisms manually. A parallel command would add a second scaffolding product surface without adding composition functionality.
+
+**Automatically expose every new Cordis plugin as a builtin.** An npm package cannot say how several plugins compose into one product feature, nor can it derive exclusivity, feature requirements, secrets, interface applicability, or security constraints. The support set requires human curation; automation is suitable only for checking whether candidates have been classified.
+
+## Acceptance criteria
+
+- `npm create @deepseek-ai/sdk` collects project identity, provider, interface, features, an optional local plugin, package manager, and installation choice in the documented order, and cancellation leaves the target path absent
+- A default npm project has the documented tree and `dev`, `build`, `typecheck`, `start`, and `config` scripts, with dev and start sharing one `cordis.yml`
+- Create offers the documented features and feature options; local and sandbox bash are exclusive with local as the default, the sandbox Cordis config entry retains the editable commented config example, and HMR is selected by default and loaded by both dev and start
+- Create's `plugin` or `tool` choice creates at most one fixed-name local plugin and atomically updates its files and root-project relationships; this phase provides no `dsh-sdk create`
+- `dsh-sdk config` reads the same support set from an existing project, installs, enables, disables, and switches supported feature options, preserves unknown config and comments, and refuses to modify inconsistent config
+- `.env.example` reflects variables required by the current features; `.env` only appends missing differently named variables and never updates or removes existing contents
+- npm, pnpm, and Yarn workspaces install, build, and start; local plugins resolve from source under dev and from built output under start
+
+## Risks
+
+- Developers can edit a builtin into a shape the registry cannot recognize; the SDK stops automating that feature instead of guessing and overwriting config
+- Pre-write validation and external-edit detection do not provide transactional rollback once multi-file writes begin; an I/O failure can leave a partial commit requiring manual repair
+- The sandbox feature option depends on an available local sandbox backend for the target platform; an unavailable backend must fail closed instead of falling back to unsandboxed execution
+- HMR retains its filesystem watcher and hot-reload behavior under production start; this is the result of an explicit plugin choice, not an implicit development-only service
+- The append-only `.env` policy retains credentials that are no longer used; the SDK does not decide when user-owned secret data is safe to delete

docs/rfc/proposed/feature/2026-07-14-sdk-developer-projects.zh.md

@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+# RFC: 开发者拥有的 SDK 工程
+
+Status: proposed
+
+[English](2026-07-14-sdk-developer-projects.md) | 中文
+
+## 问题
+
+DeepSeek Harness 通过 Cordis 插件对功能进行组合，但从空目录开始搭建一个可运行工程仍要求开发者同时理解 NPM 依赖、`cordis.yml` 插件组、环境变量、TypeScript 构建、本地插件 workspace 和运行入口。手工步骤之间存在约束，漏掉任意一处都会得到能够安装却无法开发、能够开发却无法构建，或能够构建却无法启动的工程。
+
+一次性生成器只能降低首次创建成本。若生成结果隐藏在 preset 或不可编辑的 CLI（命令行界面）内部，高级开发者无法调整插件树、修改 Cordis 插件配置或增加项目特有行为；若创建后的工程完全脱离工具管理，开发者又必须重新承担所有 NPM 依赖和 Cordis 插件配置的一致性工作。
+
+初始创建和后续配置面对同一组内置功能。两条流程各自维护功能列表、功能选项和 NPM 依赖时，新增 Cordis 插件、NPM 包或调整配置会使二者逐渐分叉。工程还需要一条普通的本地插件开发路径，参与开发、构建和启动流程。
+
+## 提案
+
+SDK 创建一个普通、显式且归开发者所有的 TypeScript/Cordis 工程。`cordis.yml` 是唯一的运行时插件树；开发和生产读取同一份文件。工程中的 `package.json`、`cordis.yml`、TypeScript 入口、构建配置和 `plugins/*` 均可直接编辑，SDK 不把它们封装成不可见的 preset。
+
+开发者产品入口只有 `npm create @deepseek-ai/sdk` 和 `dsh-sdk` 命令。前者负责首次创建，`dsh-sdk config` 在创建后管理 SDK 能识别的内置功能，`dsh-sdk dev`、`dsh-sdk build` 与 `dsh-sdk start` 负责开发、构建和启动；本期不提供 `dsh-sdk create`。create 与 config 使用同一份人工编写的功能定义，因此一项功能的功能选项、NPM 依赖、Cordis 配置项、相关文件和识别规则只有一个来源。功能、功能选项等名词由 [SDK 工程编辑架构](../architecture/2026-07-15-sdk-project-editing-architecture.md) 的术语表定义。
+
+SDK 只为功能选择和有限功能选项提供交互，不尝试把任意 Cordis 插件配置变成通用表单。功能选项所需的少量专用输入由所属功能收集；其余 Cordis 插件配置留在 `cordis.yml` 中，并通过注释指明常用改法，由开发者直接修改。
+
+## 开发者流程
+
+首次创建按会影响后续问题集合的顺序收集信息：目标目录与 package 身份、模型提供方与凭据、运行接口、内置功能与功能选项、可选本地插件、包管理器，以及是否安装 NPM 依赖并构建。命令参数已提供的答案不重复询问；本期 create 和 config 都要求交互式 TTY，取消创建时不写入目标目录。
+
+```sh
+npm create @deepseek-ai/sdk my-agent
+cd my-agent
+npm exec dsh-sdk dev index.ts
+npm exec dsh-sdk config
+npm exec dsh-sdk build
+npm exec dsh-sdk start index.js
+```
+
+create 拒绝任何已经存在的目标路径。工程文件提交成功后，CLI 询问是否安装 NPM 依赖并构建；安装或构建失败时保留生成结果，并打印可以重新执行的命令。
+
+create 还提供一次 `none / plugin / tool` 选择。`plugin` 固定生成 `plugins/plugin` 的 Cordis 插件，`tool` 固定生成 `plugins/tool` 的模型工具；一次创建至多包含一个本地插件。生成操作同时更新 workspace、根 NPM 依赖、TypeScript reference、构建配置和 `cordis.yml`，任何写入前校验失败都不创建工程。
+
+## 创建时支持的功能
+
+下表是本期 create 面向开发者展示的支持集。`required` 始终存在但仍可切换有限功能选项；`default` 在选择树中预选；`optional` 由开发者主动选择。表格说明产品支持集，运行时注册表是实现的事实源。
+
+| 功能 | create 状态 | 功能选项 | 限制与关系 |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| `provider` | required | `deepseek`（默认）/ `custom` | DeepSeek 收集 API key；custom 另收集 base URL，模型名可由 CLI 参数覆盖 |
+| `app` | required | `stdio`（默认）/ `acp` / `embed` | 选择运行接口 |
+| `spine` | required | `default` | timer、LLM seam、会话存储、系统提示词、工具注册表、agent 注册表，以及 agent loop |
+| `bash` | required | `local`（默认）/ `sandbox` | 两个功能选项互斥、与运行接口正交，且都安装面向模型的 bash 工具；sandbox 安装本地沙箱提供方和沙箱 bash 后端 |
+| `persistence` | required | `jsonl`（默认）/ `sqlite` | 每个工程恰好选择一个持久化后端 |
+| `hmr` | default | `default` | 加载 `@cordisjs/plugin-hmr`；dev 和 start 都启用，使用插件默认配置 |
+| `fs` | default | `local` | 安装本地文件系统、策略和模型工具；进程沙箱不约束进程内 fs 工具 |
+| `todo` | default | `default` | 提供 `todo_write` 工具 |
+| `skill` | default | `default` | 安装 skill（技能）注册表、本地 skill 提供方和面向模型的 skill 工具 |
+| `web` | optional | `deepseek`（默认）/ `exa` / `perplexity` / `fetch-only` | 搜索功能选项互斥；Exa/Perplexity 收集各自 API key；建议同时启用 timeout policy |
+| `subagent` | optional | `spawn`（默认）/ `fork`，可多选 | 本期只提供进程内后端 |
+| `workflow` | optional | `workerthread` | 要求 subagent 的 `spawn` 功能选项 |
+| `compact` | optional | `basic` | 使用 SDK 提供的上下文压缩参数 |
+| `hooks` | optional | `claude`（默认）/ `codex`，可多选 | 各功能选项生成独立的可编辑配置文件 |
+| `guard` | optional | `repeat-tool` | 提供重复工具调用提醒 |
+| `timeout-policy` | optional | `default` | 对声明超时预算的工具执行统一策略 |
+| `ask-user` | optional | `default` | 提供 `ask_user_question` 工具；注入的 user-interaction 服务由 acp/stdio 两个功能选项提供，因此仅这两个接口可选 |
+
+`bash` 的两个功能选项都适用于 ACP、stdio 和 embed，不由运行接口决定。sandbox 功能选项不写任何生效的配置键，因而沿用 `dsh-bash-sandbox` 的 `read-only` 默认值；生成的 `cordis.yml` 保留注释示例，开发者可以显式改为 `workspace-write`：
+
+```yaml
+- id: bash
+  name: '@deepseek-ai/dsh-bash-sandbox'
+  # Uncomment to allow writes under the project workspace.
+  # config:
+  #   mode: workspace-write
+  #   workspaceRoot: !!js process.cwd()
+```
+
+功能贡献只引用单插件 NPM 包，绝不引用 `agent-spine-demo`、`stdio-demo`、`acp-demo` 这类组合 NPM 包。表格之外的插件不由本期 create 管理；开发者仍可直接编辑普通工程文件进行高级组合。
+
+## 生成工程
+
+使用默认答案创建 npm 工程时，provider 为 DeepSeek，运行接口为 stdio，bash 为 local，持久化为 JSONL，hmr、fs、todo 与 skill 处于选中状态。初始目录树为：
+
+```text
+my-agent/
+├── .env
+├── .env.example
+├── .gitignore
+├── README.md
+├── cordis.yml
+├── index.ts
+├── package.json
+├── tsconfig.base.json
+├── tsconfig.json
+└── tsdown.config.ts
+```
+
+`.env.example` 始终存在，并由 SDK 根据当前功能维护占位。收集到 secret 或开发者确认稍后填写空凭据时，同时生成 gitignored `.env`。SDK 只向 `.env` 追加尚不存在的不同名变量，绝不覆盖或删除已有内容；切换功能选项可以清理 `.env.example` 中不再需要的占位，但旧凭据仍留在 `.env` 中供开发者自行处理。pnpm 和 Yarn 工程增加各自所需的 workspace 配置文件，但运行时插件树和 TypeScript 入口不分叉。
+
+生成的 `package.json` 提供以下 scripts；其中 `dev`、`build`、`start` 与 `config` 调用 `dsh-sdk`，`typecheck` 直接调用 TypeScript：
+
+| script | 行为 |
+|---|---|
+| `dev` | 运行 `dsh-sdk dev index.ts`，为 TypeScript 和本地 workspace 插件注册开发期解析 |
+| `build` | 运行 `dsh-sdk build`，调用工程安装的 tsdown 构建根入口和 `plugins/*` package |
+| `typecheck` | 直接运行 `tsc -b` |
+| `start` | 运行 `dsh-sdk start index.js`，启动已构建入口且不隐式构建 |
+| `config` | 运行 `dsh-sdk config`，修改当前工程功能树 |
+
+`dsh-sdk start` 与 `dsh-sdk dev` 可以接收模块 target，并把 `--` 后的参数原样转发给工程入口。通用参数解析使用 Node `parseArgs()` 的零 schema 模式：带值 flag 采用 `--key=value`，bare flag 转换为 `true`，`--no-*` 转换为 `false`。
+
+- stdio 工程通过 `--model=<name>` 传入所选 model，并根据可选的 `--resume=<session-id>` 创建或恢复 agent；
+- acp 使用协议 `session/load`
+- embed 使用生成代码中的 model。
+
+每个功能拥有的 Cordis 配置项在 `cordis.yml` 中保留自己的可编辑 Cordis 插件配置和说明注释；`dsh-sdk config` 修改其他功能时必须保留未知字段、未修改节点的格式和注释。HMR（热模块替换）是普通叶子配置项：选择该功能后，dev 和 start 加载同一个 watcher，命令不隐式改变插件树。
+
+## 创建后的配置
+
+`dsh-sdk config` 只要求当前目录具有可读的根 `package.json` 与 `cordis.yml`。它检查标准功能及其当前功能选项，以一棵功能树表达最终目标状态，并在 Review & Apply 前展示功能变化和受影响文件。
+
+`dsh-sdk config` 可以安装缺失功能、启停已安装功能和切换有限功能选项。required 功能不能取消。改变 NPM 依赖后只运行一次项目包管理器安装；安装失败不回滚已经提交的工程文件。
+
+SDK 只修改功能明确拥有的 Cordis 配置项、配置键、NPM 依赖、`.env.example` 占位和独占文件。同一功能选项的更新保留 Cordis 配置项中的未知配置键；手写或第三方插件只支持按稳定 ID 启停。已知功能被手改成不完整、歧义或无法读取的形状时，`dsh-sdk config` 显示诊断并拒绝自动修改，直到开发者手工修复。
+
+一次 config 会话在内存工作区上累计全部修改。Apply 前完成功能关系、资源冲突和文件形状校验，并比较受影响文件与会话打开时的原文；校验失败或检测到外部修改时不写盘。实际写盘开始后不提供跨文件事务回滚。
+
+## 维护模型
+
+Builtin 支持集由 SDK 人工策划，不根据 NPM 依赖名称或目录约定自动暴露。一个功能可以组合多个 Cordis 配置项，功能选项可以共享资源，并声明对其他功能或特定功能选项的功能依赖；新增普通功能或功能选项不应要求同时修改 create 和 config 两个命令流程。
+
+## 后续工作
+
+- `dsh-sdk add [package-spec]`：统一本地插件创建与外部 Cordis 插件接入；未指定 package 或仓库来源时创建本地 plugin/tool，指定来源时增加 NPM 依赖和 `cordis.yml` 配置项，来源模型为 GitHub 仓库等扩展保留空间
+- 非交互 create/config：本期两个流程都要求 TTY，不提供供自动化调用的完整输入合同
+- 更多功能专用参数输入：本期产品只展示有限功能选项、secret 和少量专用值，不为 Cordis 插件配置提供通用参数界面
+
+## 曾考虑的替代方案
+
+**不可编辑的 preset 或生成器托管工程。** 该方案可以缩短初次创建路径，但会隐藏真实插件树和构建边界，使高级开发者无法直接组合 Cordis 插件，也让项目行为依赖 CLI 版本而不是检入的工程文件。
+
+**只提供一次性生成器。** 创建后完全依赖手工维护，会让功能依赖、功能选项切换和多文件更新再次分散；共享 registry 的 config 流程为生成工程保留持续管理机制。
+
+**为开发和生产维护两份 `cordis.yml`。** 两份插件树会使开发成功无法证明生产加载相同功能；dev 只增加 TypeScript 与本地 workspace 解析，运行配置保持唯一。
+
+**为任意 Cordis 插件配置生成通用表单。** Cordis 插件配置包含嵌套结构、表达式和插件特有语义，通用表单会形成第二套不完整 schema。SDK 只管理有限功能选项和专用 secret，复杂配置继续由开发者直接编辑。
+
+**使用私有协议发现本地插件。** 普通 package manager workspace、根 NPM 依赖、TypeScript references 和 Cordis 配置项已能表达完整关系；额外发现协议会创造只能由 SDK 理解的隐藏状态。
+
+**在现有工程中提供 `dsh-sdk create`。** create 已能生成一种可编辑的本地插件骨架，后续插件可以沿用普通 workspace 和 Cordis 机制手工添加；再提供同构命令会增加第二条脚手架产品面，却不增加新的组合功能。
+
+**把每个新 Cordis 插件自动暴露为 builtin。** package 无法说明多个插件如何组合成一项产品功能，也无法推导互斥关系、功能依赖、secret、接口适用性和安全限制；支持集需要人工策划，自动化只适合检查候选是否完成分类。
+
+## 验收标准
+
+- `npm create @deepseek-ai/sdk` 按本文顺序收集项目身份、provider、interface、功能、可选本地插件、包管理器和安装选择，并在取消时保持目标路径不存在
+- 默认 npm 工程具有本文目录树和 `dev`、`build`、`typecheck`、`start`、`config` scripts，且 dev/start 使用同一份 `cordis.yml`
+- create 展示本文功能及功能选项；`bash` 的 local/sandbox 二选一且默认 local，sandbox Cordis 配置项保留可编辑的注释配置示例；HMR 默认选中并同时由 dev/start 加载
+- create 的 `plugin` 或 `tool` 选择至多生成一个固定名称的本地插件，并原子更新插件文件与根工程关系；本期不提供 `dsh-sdk create`
+- `dsh-sdk config` 从现有工程读取同一支持集，能够安装、启停和切换支持的功能选项，保留未知配置与注释，并拒绝修改不一致配置
+- `.env.example` 反映当前功能所需变量；`.env` 只追加缺失的不同名变量，从不覆盖或清理已有内容
+- npm、pnpm 和 Yarn 生成的 workspace 能安装、构建和启动；本地插件在 dev 中使用源码，在 start 中使用构建产物
+
+## 风险
+
+- 开发者可以把 builtin 手改成 registry 无法识别的形状；SDK 选择停止自动化而不是猜测并覆盖配置
+- 多文件写入前的校验和外部修改检测不能提供写入阶段的事务回滚；I/O 中途失败可能留下需要人工修复的部分提交
+- sandbox 功能选项依赖目标平台存在可用的本地沙箱后端；后端不可用时必须 fail closed，不能退回无沙箱执行
+- HMR 在生产启动中也保持文件 watcher 和热重载行为；这是显式插件选择的结果，不是仅限开发环境的隐式服务
+- `.env` 的仅追加策略会保留已经不用的凭据，SDK 不判断这些用户数据何时可以安全删除

docs/rfc/proposed/process/2026-07-13-human-review-skill-maintenance.md

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+# RFC: Periodic human-review maintenance for dsh-code-review
+
+Status: proposed
+
+## Problem
+
+The `dsh-code-review` skill records failure modes that require reviewer judgment, but one-off audits are expensive to repeat and easy to scope inconsistently. Treating every comment as a lesson produces checklist bloat; treating merge, thread resolution, or an author's “fixed” reply as proof of adoption promotes feedback that the final code may not implement. The maintenance process needs enough evidence and independent review to fail closed without requiring a webhook service, durable event state, or automatic repository promotion before the workflow has proven useful.
+
+## Proposal
+
+Periodic out-of-repo maintenance. A private tool, kept on the skill maintainer's machine rather than committed to this repository, runs against a clean full-history checkout at refreshed `origin/master`. The intended scheduler runs daily with a two-UTC-day overlap; manual runs accept another `--since` duration or repeated `--pr` arguments for an explicit set. The scan is idempotent against the current skill and stores no repository cursor. The only repository file changed by promotion is [.agents/skills/dsh-code-review/SKILL.md](../../../../.agents/skills/dsh-code-review/SKILL.md); the draft PR carries a provenance summary so reviewers can audit the source feedback and adoption evidence without the private adapter logs.
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart TD
+  A["Maintainer or scheduler runs the tool on origin/master"] --> B["List PRs merged in the overlap window"]
+  B --> C["Collect pre-merge User feedback and final PR evidence"]
+  C --> D["Two reviewers verify provenance and adoption"]
+  D --> E{"Both confirm human-authored and adopted?"}
+  E -- "No" --> F["Exclude or retain as unresolved"]
+  E -- "Yes" --> G["Two reviewers classify against the current skill"]
+  G --> H["Draft a complete candidate from agreed guidance"]
+  H --> I["Two reviewers inspect the same skill diff"]
+  I -- "Blocking finding" --> J["Bounded revision loop"]
+  J --> I
+  I -- "Both approve" --> K["Run documentation and lint checks"]
+  K --> L["Leave a reviewed local working-tree diff"]
+```
+
+### Acquisition contract
+
+Each selected PR is filtered before any feedback is retrieved: its merge commit must be an ancestor of `origin/master`. Merge-commit reachability is the sole eligibility check — a stacked PR whose direct base is a feature branch is admitted whenever the base has since reached master, because the code the reviewer commented on is now on master regardless of the intermediate stack. The tool also resolves the landing merge's target parent; a landing shape it cannot reconstruct is logged to `skipped-pulls.json` and skipped. A single PR that fails preflight, acquisition, or evidence collection is skipped rather than aborting the whole run. The search stage fails loud when the window would exceed GitHub's 1,000-result search cap so no merged PR is silently omitted. The acquisition stage reads complete paginated connections for inline review comments, review submissions, and PR commits. PR conversation comments are not acquired because current GitHub state cannot prove which surviving commit preceded them after a force-push, so the adoption contract would exclude them unconditionally. The workflow admits acquired feedback only when GitHub reports the actor `type` as `User`, and only when both creation and last-edit timestamps strictly predate the PR merge (an equal-timestamp edit is treated as post-merge); review submissions use GraphQL `lastEditedAt` because the REST representation omits edit time.
+
+### Adoption evidence
+
+Each feedback item carries a stable source ID and bounded change evidence. When the reviewer's `commit_id` still belongs to the PR (force-push fail-closed), the tool selects the latest PR commit whose committer timestamp strictly predates the feedback as the baseline — not the reviewer's clicked commit, which may be an older commit. It never compares that baseline directly with the landing merge: such a diff includes unrelated changes from an advancing target branch. Instead, it gives the adoption reviewers two PR-specific patch snapshots. Let `B` be the feedback baseline, `T` the landing merge's target parent, and `M` the landing merge. The feedback-time snapshot is the tree diff from `merge-base(B, T)` to `B`; the final snapshot is the tree diff from `T` to `M`. A target-only change therefore appears in neither PR patch, while a change added to the PR after feedback appears only in the final snapshot. Force-pushed reviews, feedback that predates every surviving PR commit, and landing shapes whose target parent cannot be reconstructed are deterministically classified `unclear` before any reviewer sees them. Merge status, a resolved thread, an author's “fixed” reply, or a same-file edit is context rather than adoption proof; the PR author's own comments never reach the adapter as they cannot be adoption of themselves.
+
+### Dual-reviewer classification and drafting
+
+Two independently configured reviewer adapters classify every eligible item by provenance (`human-authored`, `forwarded-automation`, or `unclear`) and adoption (`adopted`, `rejected`, or `unclear`). Only matching `human-authored` plus `adopted` verdicts proceed. The adopted set then receives a second independent classification against the current skill: candidate, already covered, implementation-specific, or not feedback. A singleton may qualify; recurrence is not required. Disagreement receives one bounded re-evaluation and remains visible in run artifacts if unresolved. A single batch whose adapter output fails schema or id validation is failed closed at the batch level — every feedback item in it is marked unclear and routed to `excluded` — rather than aborting the whole run; the offending raw output is preserved under the run's private artifacts for debugging. If either adapter returns no valid result for any nonempty batch in an operation, the run exits non-zero and emits a failure record instead of reporting “no candidate.”
+
+The primary adapter drafts from structured agreed guidance, never raw review text. It remains tool-free and read-only by adapter-author contract: it returns complete candidate file content, which the tool validates before writing the sole target. Both adapters then review the same complete skill diff; blocking findings return to a bounded revision loop, and both must approve the same revision. The tool rejects staged changes and edits outside the target skill both before running the documentation and lint gates and again before reporting success, so a gate or concurrent process that adds another path cannot slip through. It restores its own write on failure using best-effort compare-and-swap so a concurrent maintainer edit is not overwritten. On success it saves a candidate bundle containing the source `origin/master` commit, source skill blob ID, reviewed diff, complete candidate, source feedback IDs and URLs, landed evidence ranges, adapter verdicts, and gate results; it never commits, pushes, opens, or merges a PR.
+
+### Reviewer adapter protocol
+
+Each private executable receives a byte-bounded, versioned JSON request on stdin and returns byte-bounded, schema-conforming JSON on stdout. The tool refuses to run when the two reviewer commands resolve to byte-identical executables — a minimum-bar mechanical check; guaranteeing that primary and secondary are backed by independent providers or models is the deployment operator's responsibility. The `access` and `tools` fields are contract markers on the adapter author, not an OS sandbox: reviewer subprocesses spawn with a scrubbed environment, `cwd` set to a private run directory rather than the repository root, and feedback wrapped in a nonce-tagged `<untrusted-feedback nonce="…">` block that every prompt instructs the model to treat as data; the 128-bit nonce prevents an untrusted body from forging the closing tag. Every subprocess uses bounded, abort-aware process-tree cleanup. Adapter authors implement each operation as pure read-only inference — even the `edit` operation returns complete candidate content in JSON, which the tool validates and writes to the sole target. Every production `git`/`gh`/gate spawn also uses the scrubbed environment so a pre-push hook's routing variables cannot silently redirect the maintainer. Candidate writes and the failure rollback use best-effort compare-and-swap against the last written content; the rollback also unstages the target so an adapter- or gate-staged candidate cannot survive a failed run into a later commit.
+
+### Promotion contract
+
+The promote helper starts from a clean checkout at refreshed `origin/master` and refuses to apply a candidate when the current skill blob differs from the bundle's recorded source blob. The operator then reruns the maintenance analysis or manually rebases the diff and repeats the candidate review; the helper never replaces a newer `SKILL.md` with stale complete-file output. After applying a current candidate, it opens a draft PR whose body lists the source feedback URLs or IDs, the landed commit range used as adoption evidence, the originating run, gate results, and any operator edits. Raw adapter prompts and responses remain private, but repository reviewers receive enough provenance to judge whether each proposed rule follows from adopted human feedback.
+
+### Where the mechanism lives
+
+The tool source, adapter binaries, provider credentials, and intended daily scheduler are kept private to the maintainer's machine rather than committed to this repository. This document specifies the protocol; the reference implementation is private infrastructure. The mechanism serves a single skill maintained by a single operator, so the ongoing cost of vetting mechanism edits through repository review outweighs any provenance benefit. If the mechanism is ever handed off to a second maintainer, that handoff is a follow-up RFC that revises this decision — the operator doc at [docs/cookbook/maintaining-dsh-code-review.md](../../../cookbook/maintaining-dsh-code-review.md) is the entry point for anyone taking over.
+
+## Alternatives considered
+
+- **Ship the tool inside this repository.** Rejected for a single-maintainer scope: repository maintenance overhead (typecheck, lint, coverage, cross-cutting refactors) would exceed the value of committed provenance. Retained option for a later handoff.
+- **Record every feedback-time PR head** — rejected: it improves causal isolation but requires a continuously running observer, durable event state, retries, and force-push reconciliation. Periodic maintenance uses reviewed-commit evidence where available and fails closed on broader whole-PR evidence.
+- **Persist a processed-PR cursor** — rejected: an overlapping time-window scan is cheap and naturally idempotent against the current skill, while cursor state creates recovery and missed-event problems.
+- **Run on every new comment** — rejected: review waves produce many related comments and lack the final artifact needed to judge adoption.
+- **Treat merge or thread resolution as adoption** — rejected: a PR can merge with rejected, superseded, or intentionally unresolved feedback.
+- **Create or merge repository changes automatically** — rejected: the tool first needs a track record of useful periodic output. The maintainer inspects and promotes the local diff through normal repository review.
+- **Learn from bot findings that were fixed** — rejected: the source contract is human review feedback. Actor type is filtered before analysis, and human accounts forwarding automated findings are excluded by provenance review.
+- **Use one reviewer as author and final judge** — rejected: independent verdicts expose unsupported generalization before it reaches the skill.
+
+## Acceptance criteria
+
+Promotion from `proposed/` to `implemented/` requires all of the following to be observed in a real end-to-end run against this repository:
+
+- The private tool runs from a clean detached checkout at refreshed `origin/master` and either reports "no candidate" or produces a working-tree diff limited to `.agents/skills/dsh-code-review/SKILL.md`. **Observed on 2026-07-15:** 62 merged PRs scanned, 5 skipped (unreachable merge commit or >250-commit acquisition cap), 426 human feedback items considered, 0 candidates surfaced.
+- Both reviewer adapters are independently configured (distinct providers or models) and complete an analyze / adopt / review pass without user intervention. **Observed on 2026-07-15:** distinct primary/secondary adapters completed adoption + analysis in ~8 minutes; batch fail-closed handled one adapter id-hallucination without aborting the run.
+- A scheduler triggers the tool without an interactive terminal, and a candidate diff (or a "no candidate" record) reaches the operator through a durable notification channel.
+- A controlled acquisition case advances the target branch with a feedback-matching change after the feedback baseline; the reviewer evidence excludes that target-only change while retaining a later PR-owned change.
+- The promote helper rejects a candidate after the source skill changes, and a current candidate opens a draft PR with the provenance summary defined above.
+- At least one candidate diff produced by this workflow is inspected by the operator and promoted to `master` through a normal repository PR review. That PR is the evidence that the workflow can turn adopted feedback into shipped skill guidance.
+
+## Risks
+
+- **Causality inferred from committer timestamps.** The feedback-commit baseline is selected by comparing GitHub commit timestamps with feedback creation timestamps; committer clock skew and rewrites still leave a residual false-adoption window. Cross-referencing GitHub's PR event stream would tighten this but requires event acquisition beyond the scope of the periodic tool.
+- **Two-non-candidate classifications routed to `excluded` without a dispute round.** When both classifiers say "not a candidate" but disagree on which non-candidate reason applies (for example `covered` vs `specific`), the item is excluded rather than re-evaluated. Both classifiers agree the item does not become new reviewer behavior, so a dispute round would not change the outcome.
+- **Dual-reviewer independence beyond byte-hash distinctness is a deployment contract.** The tool refuses to run when the two commands resolve to byte-identical executables, but cannot verify that two distinct wrappers back different providers or models. Operators must configure independent primary and secondary adapters.
+- **Best-effort compare-and-swap for candidate writes and rollback.** File-based CAS on POSIX is not truly atomic; the window is one event-loop tick. The tool targets single-user periodic maintenance and a truly concurrent editor is out of scope.
+- **Single-maintainer bus factor.** Because the mechanism lives on one machine, its interruption stops skill maintenance entirely until the operator restores service or hands off to a new maintainer through a follow-up RFC.

docs/rfc/rejected/simplification/2026-06-20-drop-bash-output-spill-files.md

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ This solves a real problem, but in a narrow and leaky way. A spill path is a pro
 
 Keep tail truncation, drop full-output spill files. A bash result contains the bounded tail plus a clear truncation marker; no path is emitted. If users need full-output recovery, add a generic artifact/blob service with explicit ownership, cleanup, and UI rendering, then let bash attach large outputs to that service.
 
-This proposal can land independently of [a generic long-running tool runtime](../../proposed/architecture/2026-06-20-generic-long-running-tool-runtime.md). If background tasks stay, `bash_output` should still report that output was dropped, but without advertising a spill path.
+This proposal can land independently of [a generic long-running tool runtime](../../implemented/architecture/2026-06-20-generic-long-running-tool-runtime.md). If background tasks stay, `bash_output` should still report that output was dropped, but without advertising a spill path.
 
 ## Acceptance criteria
 

docs/tool-catalog.md

@@ -17,11 +17,12 @@ This table connects model-visible tool names to the plugin package and service s
 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
 | `@deepseek-ai/dsh-tool-ask-user` | `ask_user_question` | `ctx.tools`, `ctx.userInteraction` | `tool/call`, `tool/result after a UI/provider answers the question` | - | ask_user_question pauses the tool call until the active UI provider returns a human answer. |
 | `@deepseek-ai/dsh-tools` | `run_code` | `ctx.tools`, `ctx.codeRuntime (execution time)`, `ctx.systemPrompt` | `tool/call`, `one tool/code-dispatch per bridged sub-call`, `tool/result` | - | Owned by the tool registry as a reserved transport outside filterable capability layers under `mode: code` / `mode: both` (see the Code Mode RFC). Under `code` it is the registry's only wire contribution; the other visible capabilities are declared in a generated TypeScript SDK section, and a program calls them through serialized bindings that re-enter the complete guarded tool pipeline and link each nested execution to this outer result. |
-| `@deepseek-ai/dsh-tool-bash` | `bash`, `bash_kill`, `bash_output` | `ctx.tools`, `ctx.bash` | `tool/call`, `tool/result`, `context/message via agent.inject() for background completion notices` | - | The bash/bash_output/bash_kill tools are model-facing consumers of the bash executor seam. |
+| `@deepseek-ai/dsh-tool-bash` | `bash` | `ctx.tools`, `ctx.bash`, `ctx.tasks at call time for run_in_background` | `tool/call`, `tool/result` | - | The bash tool is the model-facing consumer of the bash executor seam. A `run_in_background` run registers with the generic `ctx.tasks` runtime and is collected/stopped through the `task_*` tools from `@deepseek-ai/dsh-tool-tasks`; the `enableRunInBackground` config (default true) removes the parameter entirely when disabled. |
 | `@deepseek-ai/dsh-tool-cordis` | `cordis_inspect`, `cordis_mount`, `cordis_unmount` | `ctx.tools` | `tool/call`, `tool/result`, `live plugin-tree mutations (mount/unmount)` | - | Ships in examples/cordis-agent only (a deliberate opt-in — mounted code gets the real ctx, see docs/rfc/implemented/feature/2026-07-08-self-referential-cordis-toolset.md). Plugins the model mounts may register ADDITIONAL model-visible tools at runtime; the request-header ToolsDelta logs those tool-set changes. |
 | `@deepseek-ai/dsh-tool-fs` | `edit`, `read`, `write` | `ctx.tools`, `ctx.fs`, `ctx.systemPrompt` | `tool/call`, `fs/write-intent or fs/edit-intent for mutations`, `fs/observed after successful file operations`, `tool/result` | - | The read-before-write/edit policy is added by `@deepseek-ai/dsh-fs-policy` (an `fs/*` event-gate plugin, no schema change); a deployment that loads these tools is expected to also load it. The tool schemas above are identical with or without the policy plugin. |
 | `@deepseek-ai/dsh-tool-skill` | `skill` | `ctx.tools`, `ctx.skills` | `tool/call`, `tool/result` | - | - |
 | `@deepseek-ai/dsh-tool-subagent` | `subagent` | `ctx.tools`, `ctx.subagents` | `tool/call`, `tool/result`, `child session events through the chosen provider` | `subagent`, `subagent_fork` | The registered tool name is the load-time `toolName` config (default `subagent`); the schema above is that default. The shipped example agents load this package once per subagent backend, so the model additionally sees `subagent_fork` (bound to the fork backend) with an identical schema — see `examples/coding-agent/cordis.yml` and `examples/acp-agent/cordis.yml`. |
+| `@deepseek-ai/dsh-tool-tasks` | `task_kill`, `task_list`, `task_output` | `ctx.tools`, `ctx.tasks`, `ctx.systemPrompt` | `tool/call`, `tool/result`, `context/message via agent.inject() for background completion notices` | - | The kind-agnostic background-task control surface: a background bash command and a background subagent are read, listed, and killed through the same three tools. Loading the plugin attaches the control surface that arms producers' `ctx.tasks.start()`. |
 | `@deepseek-ai/dsh-tool-todo` | `todo_write` | `ctx.tools`, `owning Agent session` | `tool/call`, `todo/write`, `tool/result` | - | todo_write is session-owned state; UIs render the latest todo/write event as a checklist or ACP plan. |
 | `@deepseek-ai/dsh-tool-workflow` | `workflow` | `ctx.tools`, `ctx.workflows`, `ctx.systemPrompt`, `a calling Agent (exec.agent parents the script children)` | `tool/call`, `tool/result` | - | - |
 | `@deepseek-ai/dsh-tool-web` | `web_fetch`, `web_search` | `ctx.tools`, `ctx.web`, `ctx.systemPrompt` | `tool/call`, `tool/result` | - | web_search and web_fetch keep provider selection behind ctx.web so model-visible schemas stay stable across backend swaps. |
@@ -125,7 +126,7 @@ Owned by the tool registry as a reserved transport outside filterable capability
 
 ### `bash`
 
-Execute a bash command (`bash -c`) and return its stdout/stderr. Each call runs in a fresh shell: no state (cwd, variables, functions) persists between calls — pass `workdir` instead of using `cd`. Non-zero exits are reported as `[exit code: N]`. Commands may run under a file sandbox; a blocked file operation is reported as `[sandbox: file access denied under <mode> mode]` — a policy denial, not a bug in the command; do not retry another way (a background task reports the same marker via bash_output once it has finished). Long output is truncated to its tail; the full output is saved to a file whose path is reported when available. Set `run_in_background: true` for long-running commands: the call returns a task id immediately; poll it with `bash_output` and stop it with `bash_kill`.
+Execute a bash command (`bash -c`) and return its stdout/stderr. Each call runs in a fresh shell: no state (cwd, variables, functions) persists between calls — pass `workdir` instead of using `cd`. Non-zero exits are reported as `[exit code: N]`. Commands may run under a file sandbox; a blocked file operation is reported as `[sandbox: file access denied under <mode> mode]` — a policy denial, not a bug in the command; do not retry another way. Long output is truncated to its tail; the full output is saved to a file whose path is reported when available. Set `run_in_background: true` for long-running commands: the call returns a task id immediately; read its output with `task_output` and stop it with `task_kill`.
 
 ```json
 {
@@ -149,7 +150,7 @@ Execute a bash command (`bash -c`) and return its stdout/stderr. Each call runs
     },
     "run_in_background": {
       "type": "boolean",
-      "description": "Run in the background and return a task id immediately. No timeout applies."
+      "description": "Run in the background and return a task id immediately (collect with task_output, stop with task_kill). No timeout applies."
     }
   },
   "required": [
@@ -161,49 +162,7 @@ Execute a bash command (`bash -c`) and return its stdout/stderr. Each call runs
 
 Source: [`packages/bash/tool-bash/src/index.ts`](../packages/bash/tool-bash/src/index.ts)
 
-### `bash_kill`
-
-Ask the executor to kill a running background bash task by task id.
-
-```json
-{
-  "type": "object",
-  "properties": {
-    "task_id": {
-      "type": "string",
-      "description": "Task id returned by the bash tool."
-    }
-  },
-  "required": [
-    "task_id"
-  ]
-}
-```
-
-Source: [`packages/bash/tool-bash/src/index.ts`](../packages/bash/tool-bash/src/index.ts)
-
-### `bash_output`
-
-Read new output from a background bash task started with `bash` + `run_in_background`. Returns only output produced since the previous bash_output call, plus the task status. Tasks keep running while you do other work; poll again later for more output.
-
-```json
-{
-  "type": "object",
-  "properties": {
-    "task_id": {
-      "type": "string",
-      "description": "Task id returned by the bash tool."
-    }
-  },
-  "required": [
-    "task_id"
-  ]
-}
-```
-
-Source: [`packages/bash/tool-bash/src/index.ts`](../packages/bash/tool-bash/src/index.ts)
-
-The bash/bash_output/bash_kill tools are model-facing consumers of the bash executor seam.
+The bash tool is the model-facing consumer of the bash executor seam. A `run_in_background` run registers with the generic `ctx.tasks` runtime and is collected/stopped through the `task_*` tools from `@deepseek-ai/dsh-tool-tasks`; the `enableRunInBackground` config (default true) removes the parameter entirely when disabled.
 
 ## `@deepseek-ai/dsh-tool-cordis`
 
@@ -398,7 +357,7 @@ Source: [`packages/skill/tool-skill/src/index.ts`](../packages/skill/tool-skill/
 
 ### `subagent`
 
-Delegate a self-contained task to a subagent (a separate agent that works in its own context) and return its final result. Use this to offload focused, independent work — research, a scoped implementation, an analysis — so it does not consume this conversation's context. The subagent runs to completion and you receive only its final answer, not its intermediate steps. Give it a complete, standalone prompt: it does not see this conversation.
+Delegate a self-contained task to a subagent (a separate agent that works in its own context) and return its final result. Use this to offload focused, independent work — research, a scoped implementation, an analysis — so it does not consume this conversation's context. The subagent runs to completion and you receive only its final answer, not its intermediate steps. Give it a complete, standalone prompt: it does not see this conversation. Set `run_in_background: true` to return a task id; collect with `task_output` and stop with `task_kill`.
 
 ```json
 {
@@ -411,6 +370,10 @@ Delegate a self-contained task to a subagent (a separate agent that works in its
     "prompt": {
       "type": "string",
       "description": "The complete, self-contained task for the subagent. It does not share this conversation's context, so include everything it needs."
+    },
+    "run_in_background": {
+      "type": "boolean",
+      "description": "Run as a background task and return its id; collect with task_output or stop with task_kill."
     }
   },
   "required": [
@@ -424,6 +387,77 @@ Source: [`packages/subagent/tool-subagent/src/index.ts`](../packages/subagent/to
 
 The registered tool name is the load-time `toolName` config (default `subagent`); the schema above is that default. The shipped example agents load this package once per subagent backend, so the model additionally sees `subagent_fork` (bound to the fork backend) with an identical schema — see `examples/coding-agent/cordis.yml` and `examples/acp-agent/cordis.yml`.
 
+## `@deepseek-ai/dsh-tool-tasks`
+
+### `task_kill`
+
+Request cancellation of a running background task by task id. Returns immediately; the task settles as killed once its work actually stops.
+
+```json
+{
+  "type": "object",
+  "properties": {
+    "task_id": {
+      "type": "string",
+      "description": "Task id returned by the tool that started the background work."
+    },
+    "reason": {
+      "type": "string",
+      "description": "Optional short reason, recorded in the log and forwarded to the task."
+    }
+  },
+  "required": [
+    "task_id"
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+Source: [`packages/tasks/tool-tasks/src/index.ts`](../packages/tasks/tool-tasks/src/index.ts)
+
+### `task_list`
+
+List your background tasks (running and finished) with their ids, kinds, and statuses.
+
+```json
+{
+  "type": "object",
+  "properties": {}
+}
+```
+
+Source: [`packages/tasks/tool-tasks/src/index.ts`](../packages/tasks/tool-tasks/src/index.ts)
+
+### `task_output`
+
+Read a background task. Stream tasks return only output since the previous read; final-output tasks return their result after settlement. Every response ends with `[status: ...]`. Reads are non-blocking unless `wait: true`, which waits up to the configured cap.
+
+```json
+{
+  "type": "object",
+  "properties": {
+    "task_id": {
+      "type": "string",
+      "description": "Task id returned by the tool that started the background work."
+    },
+    "wait": {
+      "type": "boolean",
+      "description": "Block until the task reaches a terminal status or the timeout expires. A timed-out wait returns [status: running] and leaves the task alive."
+    },
+    "timeout_ms": {
+      "type": "number",
+      "description": "Max wait in milliseconds (only meaningful with wait: true). Defaults to the configured wait timeout; capped by the configured maximum."
+    }
+  },
+  "required": [
+    "task_id"
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+Source: [`packages/tasks/tool-tasks/src/index.ts`](../packages/tasks/tool-tasks/src/index.ts)
+
+The kind-agnostic background-task control surface: a background bash command and a background subagent are read, listed, and killed through the same three tools. Loading the plugin attaches the control surface that arms producers' `ctx.tasks.start()`.
+
 ## `@deepseek-ai/dsh-tool-todo`
 
 ### `todo_write`

examples/AGENTS.md

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 # AGENTS.md — Examples
 
-Runnable harness compositions. **Examples are not workspaces:** private package stubs are not built. App bins load each `cordis.yml` through `tsx`; package names resolve through root `tsconfig.json` paths, not `node_modules`.
+Runnable harness compositions. **Examples are NOT workspaces**: their private `package.json` files are dependency-free stubs, and the cordis Loader boots each `cordis.yml` unbuilt through `tsx` plus the root tsconfig paths.
 
-Keep wiring, demo fixtures, and e2e/snapshot scenarios here. Move reusable logic into `packages/`, with coverage and a README. App bins own bootstrapping; examples have no `start.ts`.
+Extract reusable logic into `packages/`, where per-file coverage and README gates apply. Examples keep only `cordis.yml` wiring, demo artifacts, and e2e/snapshot scenarios; app package bins own boot glue.
 
 ## E2E smokes
 

examples/acp-agent/tests/snapshots/advanced-toolchain/system-prompt.golden.md

@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ Use the edit tool for targeted changes to existing UTF-8 text files. It replaces
 
 Check the [exit code: N] marker on every bash result; investigate failures before moving on.
 
+Track every background task id you start. You are notified in-session when a task finishes — do not busy-poll or sleep on one; keep working on independent steps and do not duplicate a running task's work. Before giving a final answer, collect every still-relevant task with task_output (set wait: true only when you are genuinely blocked on it), and task_kill tasks that stopped mattering.
+
 Approval prompts are disabled in this session: actions that require approval are rejected automatically — do not request sandbox escalation (do not set `sandbox_permissions`).
 <!-- dsh-user-approval-policy:never -->
 
@@ -31,7 +33,7 @@ The available tools:
 
 ```ts
 declare const tools: {
-  /** Execute a bash command (`bash -c`) and return its stdout/stderr. Each call runs in a fresh shell: no state (cwd, variables, functions) persists between calls — pass `workdir` instead of using `cd`. Non-zero exits are reported as `[exit code: N]`. Commands may run under a file sandbox; a blocked file operation is reported as `[sandbox: file access denied under <mode> mode]` — a policy denial, not a bug in the command; do not retry another way (a background task reports the same marker via bash_output once it has finished). Long output is truncated to its tail; the full output is saved to a file whose path is reported when available. Set `run_in_background: true` for long-running commands: the call returns a task id immediately; poll it with `bash_output` and stop it with `bash_kill`. Attempting a command the sandbox may deny is safe and expected: run it and read the marker rather than assuming the denial. When a command IS denied and a wider mode would let it succeed, escalate immediately in the SAME turn — the ONE sanctioned exception to a denial: retry the exact same command once with `sandbox_permissions` (the narrowest wider mode that suffices) plus a one-sentence `justification`. Do not detour through chat to ask permission first — the approval prompt raised by that retry IS how the user consents. If the session states approval prompts are disabled, there is no exception: a denial is final — do not set `sandbox_permissions`. Never escalate speculatively: ground the request in a real denial — normally the one THIS command just hit; escalating up front is fine only when this session already denied the same access. A rejected escalation is final for THAT command — stop and explain, never work around it — but it does not forbid attempting or escalating other commands later. */
+  /** Execute a bash command (`bash -c`) and return its stdout/stderr. Each call runs in a fresh shell: no state (cwd, variables, functions) persists between calls — pass `workdir` instead of using `cd`. Non-zero exits are reported as `[exit code: N]`. Commands may run under a file sandbox; a blocked file operation is reported as `[sandbox: file access denied under <mode> mode]` — a policy denial, not a bug in the command; do not retry another way. Long output is truncated to its tail; the full output is saved to a file whose path is reported when available. Set `run_in_background: true` for long-running commands: the call returns a task id immediately; read its output with `task_output` and stop it with `task_kill`. Attempting a command the sandbox may deny is safe and expected: run it and read the marker rather than assuming the denial. When a command is denied and a wider mode would let it succeed, escalate immediately in the same turn — the one sanctioned exception to a denial: retry the exact same command once with `sandbox_permissions` (the narrowest wider mode that suffices) plus a one-sentence `justification`. Do not detour through chat to ask permission first — the approval prompt raised by that retry is how the user consents. If the session states approval prompts are disabled, there is no exception: a denial is final — do not set `sandbox_permissions`. Never escalate speculatively: ground the request in a real denial — normally the one this command just hit; escalating up front is fine only when this session already denied the same access. A rejected escalation is final for that command — stop and explain, never work around it — but it does not forbid attempting or escalating other commands later. */
   bash(args: {
     /** The bash command to execute. */
     command: string;
@@ -41,23 +43,13 @@ declare const tools: {
     timeoutMs?: number;
     /** Working directory for this command. Defaults to the session workspace; a relative path is resolved against it. */
     workdir?: string;
-    /** Run in the background and return a task id immediately. No timeout applies. */
+    /** Run in the background and return a task id immediately (collect with task_output, stop with task_kill). No timeout applies. */
     run_in_background?: boolean;
     /** The wider sandbox mode this command needs. Only valid as a one-shot retry of a command the sandbox just denied; requires justification and user approval. */
     sandbox_permissions?: "workspace-write" | "danger-full-access";
     /** Required with sandbox_permissions: one sentence for the user explaining why this exact command needs the wider access. */
     justification?: string;
   }): Promise<string>;
-  /** Ask the executor to kill a running background bash task by task id. */
-  bash_kill(args: {
-    /** Task id returned by the bash tool. */
-    task_id: string;
-  }): Promise<string>;
-  /** Read new output from a background bash task started with `bash` + `run_in_background`. Returns only output produced since the previous bash_output call, plus the task status. Tasks keep running while you do other work; poll again later for more output. */
-  bash_output(args: {
-    /** Task id returned by the bash tool. */
-    task_id: string;
-  }): Promise<string>;
   /** Inspect the live cordis runtime that is running THIS agent. Read-only. Sections: `services` (every provided ctx service and the plugin fiber that owns it), `plugins` (a flat list of the loaded plugins with their lifecycle states), `tools` (the model-facing tools currently registered, i.e. what you can call), `dynamic` (plugins you mounted via cordis_mount: id, name, state, provided services, awaited services), `api` (method signatures AND argument/return type shapes for every LIVE service — read this before writing plugin code that calls a service), `events` (every harness event with its dispatch mode and exact signature — pick listener targets here). Omit `what` to get all six sections. */
   cordis_inspect(args: {
     /** Limit the report to one section. Omit for all sections. */
@@ -102,19 +94,41 @@ declare const tools: {
     /** The exact skill name from the available skills list. */
     name: string;
   }): Promise<string>;
-  /** Delegate a self-contained task to a subagent (a separate agent that works in its own context) and return its final result. Use this to offload focused, independent work — research, a scoped implementation, an analysis — so it does not consume this conversation's context. The subagent runs to completion and you receive only its final answer, not its intermediate steps. Give it a complete, standalone prompt: it does not see this conversation. */
+  /** Delegate a self-contained task to a subagent (a separate agent that works in its own context) and return its final result. Use this to offload focused, independent work — research, a scoped implementation, an analysis — so it does not consume this conversation's context. The subagent runs to completion and you receive only its final answer, not its intermediate steps. Give it a complete, standalone prompt: it does not see this conversation. Set `run_in_background: true` to return a task id; collect with `task_output` and stop with `task_kill`. */
   subagent(args: {
     /** A short (3-5 word) description of the delegated task, for display. */
     description: string;
     /** The complete, self-contained task for the subagent. It does not share this conversation's context, so include everything it needs. */
     prompt: string;
+    /** Run as a background task and return its id; collect with task_output or stop with task_kill. */
+    run_in_background?: boolean;
   }): Promise<string>;
-  /** Delegate a task to a subagent that INHERITS this conversation: a child agent seeded with all completed turns so far (it does not see the current in-flight turn), returning only its final result. Use this when the subtask builds on this conversation's context — a follow-up analysis, a review, a continuation — without consuming this conversation's context for the work itself. You receive only its final answer, not its intermediate steps. */
+  /** Delegate a task to a subagent that inherits this conversation: a child agent seeded with all completed turns so far (it does not see the current in-flight turn), returning only its final result. Use this when the subtask builds on this conversation's context — a follow-up analysis, a review, a continuation — without consuming this conversation's context for the work itself. You receive only its final answer, not its intermediate steps. Set `run_in_background: true` to return a task id; collect with `task_output` and stop with `task_kill`. */
   subagent_fork(args: {
     /** A short (3-5 word) description of the delegated task, for display. */
     description: string;
     /** The task for the subagent. It already sees this conversation's completed turns, so build on them freely and state only what is new. */
     prompt: string;
+    /** Run as a background task and return its id; collect with task_output or stop with task_kill. */
+    run_in_background?: boolean;
+  }): Promise<string>;
+  /** Request cancellation of a running background task by task id. Returns immediately; the task settles as killed once its work actually stops. */
+  task_kill(args: {
+    /** Task id returned by the tool that started the background work. */
+    task_id: string;
+    /** Optional short reason, recorded in the log and forwarded to the task. */
+    reason?: string;
+  }): Promise<string>;
+  /** List your background tasks (running and finished) with their ids, kinds, and statuses. */
+  task_list(args: Record<string, unknown>): Promise<string>;
+  /** Read a background task. Stream tasks return only output since the previous read; final-output tasks return their result after settlement. Every response ends with `[status: ...]`. Reads are non-blocking unless `wait: true`, which waits up to the configured cap. */
+  task_output(args: {
+    /** Task id returned by the tool that started the background work. */
+    task_id: string;
+    /** Block until the task reaches a terminal status or the timeout expires. A timed-out wait returns [status: running] and leaves the task alive. */
+    wait?: boolean;
+    /** Max wait in milliseconds (only meaningful with wait: true). Defaults to the configured wait timeout; capped by the configured maximum. */
+    timeout_ms?: number;
   }): Promise<string>;
   /** Record and update a structured task list for the current work. Send the ENTIRE list every call — it REPLACES the previous list (there are no partial updates, no per-item edits). Use it to plan multi-step work and show progress: add one todo per concrete step before you start. Keep AT MOST ONE todo `in_progress` at a time; while work remains, exactly one active task should be `in_progress`. Mark a todo `completed` the moment it is done (do not batch completions), and allow no `in_progress` item only once all work is complete. Skip the list for trivial single-step tasks. Statuses: `pending` (not started), `in_progress` (being worked on now), `completed` (finished). */
   todo_write(args: {

examples/acp-agent/tests/snapshots/advanced-toolchain/tool-schemas.golden.json

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   "initial": [
     {
       "name": "bash",
-      "description": "Execute a bash command (`bash -c`) and return its stdout/stderr. Each call runs in a fresh shell: no state (cwd, variables, functions) persists between calls — pass `workdir` instead of using `cd`. Non-zero exits are reported as `[exit code: N]`. Commands may run under a file sandbox; a blocked file operation is reported as `[sandbox: file access denied under <mode> mode]` — a policy denial, not a bug in the command; do not retry another way (a background task reports the same marker via bash_output once it has finished). Long output is truncated to its tail; the full output is saved to a file whose path is reported when available. Set `run_in_background: true` for long-running commands: the call returns a task id immediately; poll it with `bash_output` and stop it with `bash_kill`. Attempting a command the sandbox may deny is safe and expected: run it and read the marker rather than assuming the denial. When a command IS denied and a wider mode would let it succeed, escalate immediately in the SAME turn — the ONE sanctioned exception to a denial: retry the exact same command once with `sandbox_permissions` (the narrowest wider mode that suffices) plus a one-sentence `justification`. Do not detour through chat to ask permission first — the approval prompt raised by that retry IS how the user consents. If the session states approval prompts are disabled, there is no exception: a denial is final — do not set `sandbox_permissions`. Never escalate speculatively: ground the request in a real denial — normally the one THIS command just hit; escalating up front is fine only when this session already denied the same access. A rejected escalation is final for THAT command — stop and explain, never work around it — but it does not forbid attempting or escalating other commands later.",
+      "description": "Execute a bash command (`bash -c`) and return its stdout/stderr. Each call runs in a fresh shell: no state (cwd, variables, functions) persists between calls — pass `workdir` instead of using `cd`. Non-zero exits are reported as `[exit code: N]`. Commands may run under a file sandbox; a blocked file operation is reported as `[sandbox: file access denied under <mode> mode]` — a policy denial, not a bug in the command; do not retry another way. Long output is truncated to its tail; the full output is saved to a file whose path is reported when available. Set `run_in_background: true` for long-running commands: the call returns a task id immediately; read its output with `task_output` and stop it with `task_kill`. Attempting a command the sandbox may deny is safe and expected: run it and read the marker rather than assuming the denial. When a command is denied and a wider mode would let it succeed, escalate immediately in the same turn — the one sanctioned exception to a denial: retry the exact same command once with `sandbox_permissions` (the narrowest wider mode that suffices) plus a one-sentence `justification`. Do not detour through chat to ask permission first — the approval prompt raised by that retry is how the user consents. If the session states approval prompts are disabled, there is no exception: a denial is final — do not set `sandbox_permissions`. Never escalate speculatively: ground the request in a real denial — normally the one this command just hit; escalating up front is fine only when this session already denied the same access. A rejected escalation is final for that command — stop and explain, never work around it — but it does not forbid attempting or escalating other commands later.",
       "parameters": {
         "type": "object",
         "properties": {
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
           },
           "run_in_background": {
             "type": "boolean",
-            "description": "Run in the background and return a task id immediately. No timeout applies."
+            "description": "Run in the background and return a task id immediately (collect with task_output, stop with task_kill). No timeout applies."
           },
           "sandbox_permissions": {
             "type": "string",
@@ -45,38 +45,6 @@
         ]
       }
     },
-    {
-      "name": "bash_kill",
-      "description": "Ask the executor to kill a running background bash task by task id.",
-      "parameters": {
-        "type": "object",
-        "properties": {
-          "task_id": {
-            "type": "string",
-            "description": "Task id returned by the bash tool."
-          }
-        },
-        "required": [
-          "task_id"
-        ]
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "bash_output",
-      "description": "Read new output from a background bash task started with `bash` + `run_in_background`. Returns only output produced since the previous bash_output call, plus the task status. Tasks keep running while you do other work; poll again later for more output.",
-      "parameters": {
-        "type": "object",
-        "properties": {
-          "task_id": {
-            "type": "string",
-            "description": "Task id returned by the bash tool."
-          }
-        },
-        "required": [
-          "task_id"
-        ]
-      }
-    },
     {
       "name": "cordis_inspect",
       "description": "Inspect the live cordis runtime that is running THIS agent. Read-only. Sections: `services` (every provided ctx service and the plugin fiber that owns it), `plugins` (a flat list of the loaded plugins with their lifecycle states), `tools` (the model-facing tools currently registered, i.e. what you can call), `dynamic` (plugins you mounted via cordis_mount: id, name, state, provided services, awaited services), `api` (method signatures AND argument/return type shapes for every LIVE service — read this before writing plugin code that calls a service), `events` (every harness event with its dispatch mode and exact signature — pick listener targets here). Omit `what` to get all six sections.",
@@ -230,7 +198,7 @@
     },
     {
       "name": "subagent",
-      "description": "Delegate a self-contained task to a subagent (a separate agent that works in its own context) and return its final result. Use this to offload focused, independent work — research, a scoped implementation, an analysis — so it does not consume this conversation's context. The subagent runs to completion and you receive only its final answer, not its intermediate steps. Give it a complete, standalone prompt: it does not see this conversation.",
+      "description": "Delegate a self-contained task to a subagent (a separate agent that works in its own context) and return its final result. Use this to offload focused, independent work — research, a scoped implementation, an analysis — so it does not consume this conversation's context. The subagent runs to completion and you receive only its final answer, not its intermediate steps. Give it a complete, standalone prompt: it does not see this conversation. Set `run_in_background: true` to return a task id; collect with `task_output` and stop with `task_kill`.",
       "parameters": {
         "type": "object",
         "properties": {
@@ -241,6 +209,10 @@
           "prompt": {
             "type": "string",
             "description": "The complete, self-contained task for the subagent. It does not share this conversation's context, so include everything it needs."
+          },
+          "run_in_background": {
+            "type": "boolean",
+            "description": "Run as a background task and return its id; collect with task_output or stop with task_kill."
           }
         },
         "required": [
@@ -251,7 +223,7 @@
     },
     {
       "name": "subagent_fork",
-      "description": "Delegate a task to a subagent that INHERITS this conversation: a child agent seeded with all completed turns so far (it does not see the current in-flight turn), returning only its final result. Use this when the subtask builds on this conversation's context — a follow-up analysis, a review, a continuation — without consuming this conversation's context for the work itself. You receive only its final answer, not its intermediate steps.",
+      "description": "Delegate a task to a subagent that inherits this conversation: a child agent seeded with all completed turns so far (it does not see the current in-flight turn), returning only its final result. Use this when the subtask builds on this conversation's context — a follow-up analysis, a review, a continuation — without consuming this conversation's context for the work itself. You receive only its final answer, not its intermediate steps. Set `run_in_background: true` to return a task id; collect with `task_output` and stop with `task_kill`.",
       "parameters": {
         "type": "object",
         "properties": {
@@ -262,6 +234,10 @@
           "prompt": {
             "type": "string",
             "description": "The task for the subagent. It already sees this conversation's completed turns, so build on them freely and state only what is new."
+          },
+          "run_in_background": {
+            "type": "boolean",
+            "description": "Run as a background task and return its id; collect with task_output or stop with task_kill."
           }
         },
         "required": [
@@ -270,6 +246,58 @@
         ]
       }
     },
+    {
+      "name": "task_kill",
+      "description": "Request cancellation of a running background task by task id. Returns immediately; the task settles as killed once its work actually stops.",
+      "parameters": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "task_id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "description": "Task id returned by the tool that started the background work."
+          },
+          "reason": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "description": "Optional short reason, recorded in the log and forwarded to the task."
+          }
+        },
+        "required": [
+          "task_id"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "task_list",
+      "description": "List your background tasks (running and finished) with their ids, kinds, and statuses.",
+      "parameters": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {}
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "task_output",
+      "description": "Read a background task. Stream tasks return only output since the previous read; final-output tasks return their result after settlement. Every response ends with `[status: ...]`. Reads are non-blocking unless `wait: true`, which waits up to the configured cap.",
+      "parameters": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "task_id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "description": "Task id returned by the tool that started the background work."
+          },
+          "wait": {
+            "type": "boolean",
+            "description": "Block until the task reaches a terminal status or the timeout expires. A timed-out wait returns [status: running] and leaves the task alive."
+          },
+          "timeout_ms": {
+            "type": "number",
+            "description": "Max wait in milliseconds (only meaningful with wait: true). Defaults to the configured wait timeout; capped by the configured maximum."
+          }
+        },
+        "required": [
+          "task_id"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
     {
       "name": "todo_write",
       "description": "Record and update a structured task list for the current work. Send the ENTIRE list every call — it REPLACES the previous list (there are no partial updates, no per-item edits). Use it to plan multi-step work and show progress: add one todo per concrete step before you start. Keep AT MOST ONE todo `in_progress` at a time; while work remains, exactly one active task should be `in_progress`. Mark a todo `completed` the moment it is done (do not batch completions), and allow no `in_progress` item only once all work is complete. Skip the list for trivial single-step tasks. Statuses: `pending` (not started), `in_progress` (being worked on now), `completed` (finished).",

examples/acp-agent/tests/snapshots/both-mode-turn/system-prompt.golden.md

@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ Use the edit tool for targeted changes to existing UTF-8 text files. It replaces
 
 Check the [exit code: N] marker on every bash result; investigate failures before moving on.
 
+Track every background task id you start. You are notified in-session when a task finishes — do not busy-poll or sleep on one; keep working on independent steps and do not duplicate a running task's work. Before giving a final answer, collect every still-relevant task with task_output (set wait: true only when you are genuinely blocked on it), and task_kill tasks that stopped mattering.
+
 Approval prompts are disabled in this session: actions that require approval are rejected automatically — do not request sandbox escalation (do not set `sandbox_permissions`).
 <!-- dsh-user-approval-policy:never -->
 
@@ -31,7 +33,7 @@ The available tools:
 
 ```ts
 declare const tools: {
-  /** Execute a bash command (`bash -c`) and return its stdout/stderr. Each call runs in a fresh shell: no state (cwd, variables, functions) persists between calls — pass `workdir` instead of using `cd`. Non-zero exits are reported as `[exit code: N]`. Commands may run under a file sandbox; a blocked file operation is reported as `[sandbox: file access denied under <mode> mode]` — a policy denial, not a bug in the command; do not retry another way (a background task reports the same marker via bash_output once it has finished). Long output is truncated to its tail; the full output is saved to a file whose path is reported when available. Set `run_in_background: true` for long-running commands: the call returns a task id immediately; poll it with `bash_output` and stop it with `bash_kill`. Attempting a command the sandbox may deny is safe and expected: run it and read the marker rather than assuming the denial. When a command IS denied and a wider mode would let it succeed, escalate immediately in the SAME turn — the ONE sanctioned exception to a denial: retry the exact same command once with `sandbox_permissions` (the narrowest wider mode that suffices) plus a one-sentence `justification`. Do not detour through chat to ask permission first — the approval prompt raised by that retry IS how the user consents. If the session states approval prompts are disabled, there is no exception: a denial is final — do not set `sandbox_permissions`. Never escalate speculatively: ground the request in a real denial — normally the one THIS command just hit; escalating up front is fine only when this session already denied the same access. A rejected escalation is final for THAT command — stop and explain, never work around it — but it does not forbid attempting or escalating other commands later. */
+  /** Execute a bash command (`bash -c`) and return its stdout/stderr. Each call runs in a fresh shell: no state (cwd, variables, functions) persists between calls — pass `workdir` instead of using `cd`. Non-zero exits are reported as `[exit code: N]`. Commands may run under a file sandbox; a blocked file operation is reported as `[sandbox: file access denied under <mode> mode]` — a policy denial, not a bug in the command; do not retry another way. Long output is truncated to its tail; the full output is saved to a file whose path is reported when available. Set `run_in_background: true` for long-running commands: the call returns a task id immediately; read its output with `task_output` and stop it with `task_kill`. Attempting a command the sandbox may deny is safe and expected: run it and read the marker rather than assuming the denial. When a command is denied and a wider mode would let it succeed, escalate immediately in the same turn — the one sanctioned exception to a denial: retry the exact same command once with `sandbox_permissions` (the narrowest wider mode that suffices) plus a one-sentence `justification`. Do not detour through chat to ask permission first — the approval prompt raised by that retry is how the user consents. If the session states approval prompts are disabled, there is no exception: a denial is final — do not set `sandbox_permissions`. Never escalate speculatively: ground the request in a real denial — normally the one this command just hit; escalating up front is fine only when this session already denied the same access. A rejected escalation is final for that command — stop and explain, never work around it — but it does not forbid attempting or escalating other commands later. */
   bash(args: {
     /** The bash command to execute. */
     command: string;
@@ -41,23 +43,13 @@ declare const tools: {
     timeoutMs?: number;
     /** Working directory for this command. Defaults to the session workspace; a relative path is resolved against it. */
     workdir?: string;
-    /** Run in the background and return a task id immediately. No timeout applies. */
+    /** Run in the background and return a task id immediately (collect with task_output, stop with task_kill). No timeout applies. */
     run_in_background?: boolean;
     /** The wider sandbox mode this command needs. Only valid as a one-shot retry of a command the sandbox just denied; requires justification and user approval. */
     sandbox_permissions?: "workspace-write" | "danger-full-access";
     /** Required with sandbox_permissions: one sentence for the user explaining why this exact command needs the wider access. */
     justification?: string;
   }): Promise<string>;
-  /** Ask the executor to kill a running background bash task by task id. */
-  bash_kill(args: {
-    /** Task id returned by the bash tool. */
-    task_id: string;
-  }): Promise<string>;
-  /** Read new output from a background bash task started with `bash` + `run_in_background`. Returns only output produced since the previous bash_output call, plus the task status. Tasks keep running while you do other work; poll again later for more output. */
-  bash_output(args: {
-    /** Task id returned by the bash tool. */
-    task_id: string;
-  }): Promise<string>;
   /** Edit an existing UTF-8 text file by replacing literal text. */
   edit(args: {
     /** Path to edit, resolved by the filesystem backend. */
@@ -87,19 +79,41 @@ declare const tools: {
     /** The exact skill name from the available skills list. */
     name: string;
   }): Promise<string>;
-  /** Delegate a self-contained task to a subagent (a separate agent that works in its own context) and return its final result. Use this to offload focused, independent work — research, a scoped implementation, an analysis — so it does not consume this conversation's context. The subagent runs to completion and you receive only its final answer, not its intermediate steps. Give it a complete, standalone prompt: it does not see this conversation. */
+  /** Delegate a self-contained task to a subagent (a separate agent that works in its own context) and return its final result. Use this to offload focused, independent work — research, a scoped implementation, an analysis — so it does not consume this conversation's context. The subagent runs to completion and you receive only its final answer, not its intermediate steps. Give it a complete, standalone prompt: it does not see this conversation. Set `run_in_background: true` to return a task id; collect with `task_output` and stop with `task_kill`. */
   subagent(args: {
     /** A short (3-5 word) description of the delegated task, for display. */
     description: string;
     /** The complete, self-contained task for the subagent. It does not share this conversation's context, so include everything it needs. */
     prompt: string;
+    /** Run as a background task and return its id; collect with task_output or stop with task_kill. */
+    run_in_background?: boolean;
   }): Promise<string>;
-  /** Delegate a task to a subagent that INHERITS this conversation: a child agent seeded with all completed turns so far (it does not see the current in-flight turn), returning only its final result. Use this when the subtask builds on this conversation's context — a follow-up analysis, a review, a continuation — without consuming this conversation's context for the work itself. You receive only its final answer, not its intermediate steps. */
+  /** Delegate a task to a subagent that inherits this conversation: a child agent seeded with all completed turns so far (it does not see the current in-flight turn), returning only its final result. Use this when the subtask builds on this conversation's context — a follow-up analysis, a review, a continuation — without consuming this conversation's context for the work itself. You receive only its final answer, not its intermediate steps. Set `run_in_background: true` to return a task id; collect with `task_output` and stop with `task_kill`. */
   subagent_fork(args: {
     /** A short (3-5 word) description of the delegated task, for display. */
     description: string;
     /** The task for the subagent. It already sees this conversation's completed turns, so build on them freely and state only what is new. */
     prompt: string;
+    /** Run as a background task and return its id; collect with task_output or stop with task_kill. */
+    run_in_background?: boolean;
+  }): Promise<string>;
+  /** Request cancellation of a running background task by task id. Returns immediately; the task settles as killed once its work actually stops. */
+  task_kill(args: {
+    /** Task id returned by the tool that started the background work. */
+    task_id: string;
+    /** Optional short reason, recorded in the log and forwarded to the task. */
+    reason?: string;
+  }): Promise<string>;
+  /** List your background tasks (running and finished) with their ids, kinds, and statuses. */
+  task_list(args: Record<string, unknown>): Promise<string>;
+  /** Read a background task. Stream tasks return only output since the previous read; final-output tasks return their result after settlement. Every response ends with `[status: ...]`. Reads are non-blocking unless `wait: true`, which waits up to the configured cap. */
+  task_output(args: {
+    /** Task id returned by the tool that started the background work. */
+    task_id: string;
+    /** Block until the task reaches a terminal status or the timeout expires. A timed-out wait returns [status: running] and leaves the task alive. */
+    wait?: boolean;
+    /** Max wait in milliseconds (only meaningful with wait: true). Defaults to the configured wait timeout; capped by the configured maximum. */
+    timeout_ms?: number;
   }): Promise<string>;
   /** Record and update a structured task list for the current work. Send the ENTIRE list every call — it REPLACES the previous list (there are no partial updates, no per-item edits). Use it to plan multi-step work and show progress: add one todo per concrete step before you start. Keep AT MOST ONE todo `in_progress` at a time; while work remains, exactly one active task should be `in_progress`. Mark a todo `completed` the moment it is done (do not batch completions), and allow no `in_progress` item only once all work is complete. Skip the list for trivial single-step tasks. Statuses: `pending` (not started), `in_progress` (being worked on now), `completed` (finished). */
   todo_write(args: {

examples/acp-agent/tests/snapshots/both-mode-turn/tool-schemas.golden.json

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   "initial": [
     {
       "name": "bash",
-      "description": "Execute a bash command (`bash -c`) and return its stdout/stderr. Each call runs in a fresh shell: no state (cwd, variables, functions) persists between calls — pass `workdir` instead of using `cd`. Non-zero exits are reported as `[exit code: N]`. Commands may run under a file sandbox; a blocked file operation is reported as `[sandbox: file access denied under <mode> mode]` — a policy denial, not a bug in the command; do not retry another way (a background task reports the same marker via bash_output once it has finished). Long output is truncated to its tail; the full output is saved to a file whose path is reported when available. Set `run_in_background: true` for long-running commands: the call returns a task id immediately; poll it with `bash_output` and stop it with `bash_kill`. Attempting a command the sandbox may deny is safe and expected: run it and read the marker rather than assuming the denial. When a command IS denied and a wider mode would let it succeed, escalate immediately in the SAME turn — the ONE sanctioned exception to a denial: retry the exact same command once with `sandbox_permissions` (the narrowest wider mode that suffices) plus a one-sentence `justification`. Do not detour through chat to ask permission first — the approval prompt raised by that retry IS how the user consents. If the session states approval prompts are disabled, there is no exception: a denial is final — do not set `sandbox_permissions`. Never escalate speculatively: ground the request in a real denial — normally the one THIS command just hit; escalating up front is fine only when this session already denied the same access. A rejected escalation is final for THAT command — stop and explain, never work around it — but it does not forbid attempting or escalating other commands later.",
+      "description": "Execute a bash command (`bash -c`) and return its stdout/stderr. Each call runs in a fresh shell: no state (cwd, variables, functions) persists between calls — pass `workdir` instead of using `cd`. Non-zero exits are reported as `[exit code: N]`. Commands may run under a file sandbox; a blocked file operation is reported as `[sandbox: file access denied under <mode> mode]` — a policy denial, not a bug in the command; do not retry another way. Long output is truncated to its tail; the full output is saved to a file whose path is reported when available. Set `run_in_background: true` for long-running commands: the call returns a task id immediately; read its output with `task_output` and stop it with `task_kill`. Attempting a command the sandbox may deny is safe and expected: run it and read the marker rather than assuming the denial. When a command is denied and a wider mode would let it succeed, escalate immediately in the same turn — the one sanctioned exception to a denial: retry the exact same command once with `sandbox_permissions` (the narrowest wider mode that suffices) plus a one-sentence `justification`. Do not detour through chat to ask permission first — the approval prompt raised by that retry is how the user consents. If the session states approval prompts are disabled, there is no exception: a denial is final — do not set `sandbox_permissions`. Never escalate speculatively: ground the request in a real denial — normally the one this command just hit; escalating up front is fine only when this session already denied the same access. A rejected escalation is final for that command — stop and explain, never work around it — but it does not forbid attempting or escalating other commands later.",
       "parameters": {
         "type": "object",
         "properties": {
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
           },
           "run_in_background": {
             "type": "boolean",
-            "description": "Run in the background and return a task id immediately. No timeout applies."
+            "description": "Run in the background and return a task id immediately (collect with task_output, stop with task_kill). No timeout applies."
           },
           "sandbox_permissions": {
             "type": "string",
@@ -45,38 +45,6 @@
         ]
       }
     },
-    {
-      "name": "bash_kill",
-      "description": "Ask the executor to kill a running background bash task by task id.",
-      "parameters": {
-        "type": "object",
-        "properties": {
-          "task_id": {
-            "type": "string",
-            "description": "Task id returned by the bash tool."
-          }
-        },
-        "required": [
-          "task_id"
-        ]
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "bash_output",
-      "description": "Read new output from a background bash task started with `bash` + `run_in_background`. Returns only output produced since the previous bash_output call, plus the task status. Tasks keep running while you do other work; poll again later for more output.",
-      "parameters": {
-        "type": "object",
-        "properties": {
-          "task_id": {
-            "type": "string",
-            "description": "Task id returned by the bash tool."
-          }
-        },
-        "required": [
-          "task_id"
-        ]
-      }
-    },
     {
       "name": "edit",
       "description": "Edit an existing UTF-8 text file by replacing literal text.",
@@ -177,7 +145,7 @@
     },
     {
       "name": "subagent",
-      "description": "Delegate a self-contained task to a subagent (a separate agent that works in its own context) and return its final result. Use this to offload focused, independent work — research, a scoped implementation, an analysis — so it does not consume this conversation's context. The subagent runs to completion and you receive only its final answer, not its intermediate steps. Give it a complete, standalone prompt: it does not see this conversation.",
+      "description": "Delegate a self-contained task to a subagent (a separate agent that works in its own context) and return its final result. Use this to offload focused, independent work — research, a scoped implementation, an analysis — so it does not consume this conversation's context. The subagent runs to completion and you receive only its final answer, not its intermediate steps. Give it a complete, standalone prompt: it does not see this conversation. Set `run_in_background: true` to return a task id; collect with `task_output` and stop with `task_kill`.",
       "parameters": {
         "type": "object",
         "properties": {
@@ -188,6 +156,10 @@
           "prompt": {
             "type": "string",
             "description": "The complete, self-contained task for the subagent. It does not share this conversation's context, so include everything it needs."
+          },
+          "run_in_background": {
+            "type": "boolean",
+            "description": "Run as a background task and return its id; collect with task_output or stop with task_kill."
           }
         },
         "required": [
@@ -198,7 +170,7 @@
     },
     {
       "name": "subagent_fork",
-      "description": "Delegate a task to a subagent that INHERITS this conversation: a child agent seeded with all completed turns so far (it does not see the current in-flight turn), returning only its final result. Use this when the subtask builds on this conversation's context — a follow-up analysis, a review, a continuation — without consuming this conversation's context for the work itself. You receive only its final answer, not its intermediate steps.",
+      "description": "Delegate a task to a subagent that inherits this conversation: a child agent seeded with all completed turns so far (it does not see the current in-flight turn), returning only its final result. Use this when the subtask builds on this conversation's context — a follow-up analysis, a review, a continuation — without consuming this conversation's context for the work itself. You receive only its final answer, not its intermediate steps. Set `run_in_background: true` to return a task id; collect with `task_output` and stop with `task_kill`.",
       "parameters": {
         "type": "object",
         "properties": {
@@ -209,6 +181,10 @@
           "prompt": {
             "type": "string",
             "description": "The task for the subagent. It already sees this conversation's completed turns, so build on them freely and state only what is new."
+          },
+          "run_in_background": {
+            "type": "boolean",
+            "description": "Run as a background task and return its id; collect with task_output or stop with task_kill."
           }
         },
         "required": [
@@ -217,6 +193,58 @@
         ]
       }
     },
+    {
+      "name": "task_kill",
+      "description": "Request cancellation of a running background task by task id. Returns immediately; the task settles as killed once its work actually stops.",
+      "parameters": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "task_id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "description": "Task id returned by the tool that started the background work."
+          },
+          "reason": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "description": "Optional short reason, recorded in the log and forwarded to the task."
+          }
+        },
+        "required": [
+          "task_id"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "task_list",
+      "description": "List your background tasks (running and finished) with their ids, kinds, and statuses.",
+      "parameters": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {}
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "task_output",
+      "description": "Read a background task. Stream tasks return only output since the previous read; final-output tasks return their result after settlement. Every response ends with `[status: ...]`. Reads are non-blocking unless `wait: true`, which waits up to the configured cap.",
+      "parameters": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "task_id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "description": "Task id returned by the tool that started the background work."
+          },
+          "wait": {
+            "type": "boolean",
+            "description": "Block until the task reaches a terminal status or the timeout expires. A timed-out wait returns [status: running] and leaves the task alive."
+          },
+          "timeout_ms": {
+            "type": "number",
+            "description": "Max wait in milliseconds (only meaningful with wait: true). Defaults to the configured wait timeout; capped by the configured maximum."
+          }
+        },
+        "required": [
+          "task_id"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
     {
       "name": "todo_write",
       "description": "Record and update a structured task list for the current work. Send the ENTIRE list every call — it REPLACES the previous list (there are no partial updates, no per-item edits). Use it to plan multi-step work and show progress: add one todo per concrete step before you start. Keep AT MOST ONE todo `in_progress` at a time; while work remains, exactly one active task should be `in_progress`. Mark a todo `completed` the moment it is done (do not batch completions), and allow no `in_progress` item only once all work is complete. Skip the list for trivial single-step tasks. Statuses: `pending` (not started), `in_progress` (being worked on now), `completed` (finished).",

examples/acp-agent/tests/snapshots/code-mode-turn/system-prompt.golden.md

@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ Use the edit tool for targeted changes to existing UTF-8 text files. It replaces
 
 Check the [exit code: N] marker on every bash result; investigate failures before moving on.
 
+Track every background task id you start. You are notified in-session when a task finishes — do not busy-poll or sleep on one; keep working on independent steps and do not duplicate a running task's work. Before giving a final answer, collect every still-relevant task with task_output (set wait: true only when you are genuinely blocked on it), and task_kill tasks that stopped mattering.
+
 Approval prompts are disabled in this session: actions that require approval are rejected automatically — do not request sandbox escalation (do not set `sandbox_permissions`).
 <!-- dsh-user-approval-policy:never -->
 
@@ -31,7 +33,7 @@ The available tools:
 
 ```ts
 declare const tools: {
-  /** Execute a bash command (`bash -c`) and return its stdout/stderr. Each call runs in a fresh shell: no state (cwd, variables, functions) persists between calls — pass `workdir` instead of using `cd`. Non-zero exits are reported as `[exit code: N]`. Commands may run under a file sandbox; a blocked file operation is reported as `[sandbox: file access denied under <mode> mode]` — a policy denial, not a bug in the command; do not retry another way (a background task reports the same marker via bash_output once it has finished). Long output is truncated to its tail; the full output is saved to a file whose path is reported when available. Set `run_in_background: true` for long-running commands: the call returns a task id immediately; poll it with `bash_output` and stop it with `bash_kill`. Attempting a command the sandbox may deny is safe and expected: run it and read the marker rather than assuming the denial. When a command IS denied and a wider mode would let it succeed, escalate immediately in the SAME turn — the ONE sanctioned exception to a denial: retry the exact same command once with `sandbox_permissions` (the narrowest wider mode that suffices) plus a one-sentence `justification`. Do not detour through chat to ask permission first — the approval prompt raised by that retry IS how the user consents. If the session states approval prompts are disabled, there is no exception: a denial is final — do not set `sandbox_permissions`. Never escalate speculatively: ground the request in a real denial — normally the one THIS command just hit; escalating up front is fine only when this session already denied the same access. A rejected escalation is final for THAT command — stop and explain, never work around it — but it does not forbid attempting or escalating other commands later. */
+  /** Execute a bash command (`bash -c`) and return its stdout/stderr. Each call runs in a fresh shell: no state (cwd, variables, functions) persists between calls — pass `workdir` instead of using `cd`. Non-zero exits are reported as `[exit code: N]`. Commands may run under a file sandbox; a blocked file operation is reported as `[sandbox: file access denied under <mode> mode]` — a policy denial, not a bug in the command; do not retry another way. Long output is truncated to its tail; the full output is saved to a file whose path is reported when available. Set `run_in_background: true` for long-running commands: the call returns a task id immediately; read its output with `task_output` and stop it with `task_kill`. Attempting a command the sandbox may deny is safe and expected: run it and read the marker rather than assuming the denial. When a command is denied and a wider mode would let it succeed, escalate immediately in the same turn — the one sanctioned exception to a denial: retry the exact same command once with `sandbox_permissions` (the narrowest wider mode that suffices) plus a one-sentence `justification`. Do not detour through chat to ask permission first — the approval prompt raised by that retry is how the user consents. If the session states approval prompts are disabled, there is no exception: a denial is final — do not set `sandbox_permissions`. Never escalate speculatively: ground the request in a real denial — normally the one this command just hit; escalating up front is fine only when this session already denied the same access. A rejected escalation is final for that command — stop and explain, never work around it — but it does not forbid attempting or escalating other commands later. */
   bash(args: {
     /** The bash command to execute. */
     command: string;
@@ -41,23 +43,13 @@ declare const tools: {
     timeoutMs?: number;
     /** Working directory for this command. Defaults to the session workspace; a relative path is resolved against it. */
     workdir?: string;
-    /** Run in the background and return a task id immediately. No timeout applies. */
+    /** Run in the background and return a task id immediately (collect with task_output, stop with task_kill). No timeout applies. */
     run_in_background?: boolean;
     /** The wider sandbox mode this command needs. Only valid as a one-shot retry of a command the sandbox just denied; requires justification and user approval. */
     sandbox_permissions?: "workspace-write" | "danger-full-access";
     /** Required with sandbox_permissions: one sentence for the user explaining why this exact command needs the wider access. */
     justification?: string;
   }): Promise<string>;
-  /** Ask the executor to kill a running background bash task by task id. */
-  bash_kill(args: {
-    /** Task id returned by the bash tool. */
-    task_id: string;
-  }): Promise<string>;
-  /** Read new output from a background bash task started with `bash` + `run_in_background`. Returns only output produced since the previous bash_output call, plus the task status. Tasks keep running while you do other work; poll again later for more output. */
-  bash_output(args: {
-    /** Task id returned by the bash tool. */
-    task_id: string;
-  }): Promise<string>;
   /** Edit an existing UTF-8 text file by replacing literal text. */
   edit(args: {
     /** Path to edit, resolved by the filesystem backend. */
@@ -87,19 +79,41 @@ declare const tools: {
     /** The exact skill name from the available skills list. */
     name: string;
   }): Promise<string>;
-  /** Delegate a self-contained task to a subagent (a separate agent that works in its own context) and return its final result. Use this to offload focused, independent work — research, a scoped implementation, an analysis — so it does not consume this conversation's context. The subagent runs to completion and you receive only its final answer, not its intermediate steps. Give it a complete, standalone prompt: it does not see this conversation. */
+  /** Delegate a self-contained task to a subagent (a separate agent that works in its own context) and return its final result. Use this to offload focused, independent work — research, a scoped implementation, an analysis — so it does not consume this conversation's context. The subagent runs to completion and you receive only its final answer, not its intermediate steps. Give it a complete, standalone prompt: it does not see this conversation. Set `run_in_background: true` to return a task id; collect with `task_output` and stop with `task_kill`. */
   subagent(args: {
     /** A short (3-5 word) description of the delegated task, for display. */
     description: string;
     /** The complete, self-contained task for the subagent. It does not share this conversation's context, so include everything it needs. */
     prompt: string;
+    /** Run as a background task and return its id; collect with task_output or stop with task_kill. */
+    run_in_background?: boolean;
   }): Promise<string>;
-  /** Delegate a task to a subagent that INHERITS this conversation: a child agent seeded with all completed turns so far (it does not see the current in-flight turn), returning only its final result. Use this when the subtask builds on this conversation's context — a follow-up analysis, a review, a continuation — without consuming this conversation's context for the work itself. You receive only its final answer, not its intermediate steps. */
+  /** Delegate a task to a subagent that inherits this conversation: a child agent seeded with all completed turns so far (it does not see the current in-flight turn), returning only its final result. Use this when the subtask builds on this conversation's context — a follow-up analysis, a review, a continuation — without consuming this conversation's context for the work itself. You receive only its final answer, not its intermediate steps. Set `run_in_background: true` to return a task id; collect with `task_output` and stop with `task_kill`. */
   subagent_fork(args: {
     /** A short (3-5 word) description of the delegated task, for display. */
     description: string;
     /** The task for the subagent. It already sees this conversation's completed turns, so build on them freely and state only what is new. */
     prompt: string;
+    /** Run as a background task and return its id; collect with task_output or stop with task_kill. */
+    run_in_background?: boolean;
+  }): Promise<string>;
+  /** Request cancellation of a running background task by task id. Returns immediately; the task settles as killed once its work actually stops. */
+  task_kill(args: {
+    /** Task id returned by the tool that started the background work. */
+    task_id: string;
+    /** Optional short reason, recorded in the log and forwarded to the task. */
+    reason?: string;
+  }): Promise<string>;
+  /** List your background tasks (running and finished) with their ids, kinds, and statuses. */
+  task_list(args: Record<string, unknown>): Promise<string>;
+  /** Read a background task. Stream tasks return only output since the previous read; final-output tasks return their result after settlement. Every response ends with `[status: ...]`. Reads are non-blocking unless `wait: true`, which waits up to the configured cap. */
+  task_output(args: {
+    /** Task id returned by the tool that started the background work. */
+    task_id: string;
+    /** Block until the task reaches a terminal status or the timeout expires. A timed-out wait returns [status: running] and leaves the task alive. */
+    wait?: boolean;
+    /** Max wait in milliseconds (only meaningful with wait: true). Defaults to the configured wait timeout; capped by the configured maximum. */
+    timeout_ms?: number;
   }): Promise<string>;
   /** Record and update a structured task list for the current work. Send the ENTIRE list every call — it REPLACES the previous list (there are no partial updates, no per-item edits). Use it to plan multi-step work and show progress: add one todo per concrete step before you start. Keep AT MOST ONE todo `in_progress` at a time; while work remains, exactly one active task should be `in_progress`. Mark a todo `completed` the moment it is done (do not batch completions), and allow no `in_progress` item only once all work is complete. Skip the list for trivial single-step tasks. Statuses: `pending` (not started), `in_progress` (being worked on now), `completed` (finished). */
   todo_write(args: {

examples/acp-agent/tests/snapshots/escalation-approved/session.jsonl

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {"type":"session","version":0,"id":"f3cbd087-fb45-4b32-b0f2-3082d65bfcb4","createdAt":1783860675270,"cwd":"/var/folders/2g/b32ct0qn1d728l_v6tdkjytr0000gn/T/acp-snap-cwd-cbBLh2"}
 {"type":"turn/start","seq":0,"time":1783860675271,"data":{"turn":1,"trigger":{"kind":"message","source":{"kind":"user"}}}}
 {"type":"permission/preset","seq":1,"time":1783962245380,"data":{"preset":"workspace-write"}}
-{"type":"sandbox/mode","seq":2,"time":1784023679499,"data":{"mode":"workspace-write"}}
+{"type":"sandbox/mode","seq":2,"time":1784215684435,"data":{"mode":"workspace-write"}}
 {"type":"approval/policy","seq":3,"time":1783962245380,"data":{"policy":"ask"}}
 {"type":"user/message","seq":4,"time":1783962245380,"data":{"content":[{"type":"text","text":"The sandbox already denied writing /tmp/dsh-escalated.txt earlier (it is outside this workspace). Retry it now exactly once: one single bash call with the command printf 'escalated\\n' > /tmp/dsh-escalated.txt && cat /tmp/dsh-escalated.txt && rm /tmp/dsh-escalated.txt, with sandbox_permissions set to danger-full-access and the justification 'the user asked to write a file outside the workspace'. Do not run it without sandbox_permissions first. I will approve the permission prompt. After the result, reply with the single word DONE and stop."}],"source":{"kind":"user"}},"surfaceOp":"append"}
 {"type":"step/start","seq":5,"time":1783962245382,"data":{"turn":1,"step":1}}
@@ -131,8 +131,8 @@
 {"type":"assistant/chunk","seq":129,"time":1783962245385,"data":{"turn":1,"step":1,"chunk":{"type":"finish","reason":{"kind":"tool-calls"}}}}
 {"type":"assistant/message","seq":130,"time":1783962245385,"data":{"turn":1,"step":1,"content":[{"type":"reasoning","text":"The user wants me to run a command with sandbox_permissions set to danger-full-access, no prior run needed, justified as instructed."},{"type":"tool-call","id":"call_00_d0sAHpJ9mYOJi0z7KNy30441","name":"bash","arguments":"{\"command\": \"printf 'escalated\\\\n' > /tmp/dsh-escalated.txt && cat /tmp/dsh-escalated.txt && rm /tmp/dsh-escalated.txt\", \"description\": \"Write file outside workspace and verify\", \"sandbox_permissions\": \"danger-full-access\", \"justification\": \"the user asked to write a file outside the workspace\"}"}],"usage":{"inputTokens":1501,"outputTokens":174,"cacheReadTokens":0,"reasoningTokens":28}},"sourceEventSeqs":[7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129],"surfaceOp":"append"}
 {"type":"tool/call","seq":131,"time":1783962245385,"data":{"turn":1,"step":1,"callId":"call_00_d0sAHpJ9mYOJi0z7KNy30441","name":"bash","arguments":"{\"command\": \"printf 'escalated\\\\n' > /tmp/dsh-escalated.txt && cat /tmp/dsh-escalated.txt && rm /tmp/dsh-escalated.txt\", \"description\": \"Write file outside workspace and verify\", \"sandbox_permissions\": \"danger-full-access\", \"justification\": \"the user asked to write a file outside the workspace\"}"}}
-{"type":"approval/asked","seq":132,"time":1783962245386,"data":{"id":"bb21cd84-33ae-4227-94c6-ea3a01b5df0e","toolName":"bash","callId":"call_00_d0sAHpJ9mYOJi0z7KNy30441","reason":"escalate sandbox to danger-full-access: the user asked to write a file outside the workspace"}}
-{"type":"approval/decided","seq":133,"time":1783962245387,"data":{"id":"bb21cd84-33ae-4227-94c6-ea3a01b5df0e","outcome":"allowed-once"}}
+{"type":"approval/asked","seq":132,"time":1783962245386,"data":{"id":"a639b87e-a186-4579-9596-cf3707198a8e","toolName":"bash","callId":"call_00_d0sAHpJ9mYOJi0z7KNy30441","reason":"escalate sandbox to danger-full-access: the user asked to write a file outside the workspace"}}
+{"type":"approval/decided","seq":133,"time":1783962245387,"data":{"id":"a639b87e-a186-4579-9596-cf3707198a8e","outcome":"allowed-once"}}
 {"type":"tool/result","seq":134,"time":1783962245399,"data":{"turn":1,"step":1,"callId":"call_00_d0sAHpJ9mYOJi0z7KNy30441","content":[{"type":"text","text":"escalated\n"}],"isError":false},"sourceEventSeqs":[131],"surfaceOp":"append"}
 {"type":"step/end","seq":135,"time":1783962245400,"data":{"turn":1,"step":1}}
 {"type":"step/start","seq":136,"time":1783962245400,"data":{"turn":1,"step":2}}

examples/acp-agent/tests/snapshots/escalation-rejected/session.jsonl

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {"type":"session","version":0,"id":"d692fe7f-7079-4ee4-8b06-f44fd026d4ea","createdAt":1783860679475,"cwd":"/var/folders/2g/b32ct0qn1d728l_v6tdkjytr0000gn/T/acp-snap-cwd-Hn29Od"}
 {"type":"turn/start","seq":0,"time":1783860679476,"data":{"turn":1,"trigger":{"kind":"message","source":{"kind":"user"}}}}
 {"type":"permission/preset","seq":1,"time":1783962246267,"data":{"preset":"workspace-write"}}
-{"type":"sandbox/mode","seq":2,"time":1784023680100,"data":{"mode":"workspace-write"}}
+{"type":"sandbox/mode","seq":2,"time":1784215685052,"data":{"mode":"workspace-write"}}
 {"type":"approval/policy","seq":3,"time":1783962246267,"data":{"policy":"ask"}}
 {"type":"user/message","seq":4,"time":1783962246267,"data":{"content":[{"type":"text","text":"The sandbox already denied writing /tmp/dsh-escalated.txt earlier (it is outside this workspace). Retry it now exactly once: one single bash call with the command printf 'escalated\\n' > /tmp/dsh-escalated.txt && cat /tmp/dsh-escalated.txt && rm /tmp/dsh-escalated.txt, with sandbox_permissions set to danger-full-access and the justification 'the user asked to write a file outside the workspace'. Do not run it without sandbox_permissions first. I will reject the permission prompt; after the rejection, do not retry and do not work around it — explain in one short sentence and stop."}],"source":{"kind":"user"}},"surfaceOp":"append"}
 {"type":"step/start","seq":5,"time":1783962246269,"data":{"turn":1,"step":1}}
@@ -155,8 +155,8 @@
 {"type":"assistant/chunk","seq":153,"time":1783962246274,"data":{"turn":1,"step":1,"chunk":{"type":"finish","reason":{"kind":"tool-calls"}}}}
 {"type":"assistant/message","seq":154,"time":1783962246274,"data":{"turn":1,"step":1,"content":[{"type":"reasoning","text":"The user wants me to run a specific command with `sandbox_permissions` set to `danger-full-access` and a specific justification. They explicitly said NOT to run it without sandbox_permissions first. Let me do exactly that."},{"type":"tool-call","id":"call_00_WB1vnPomi8yr6MlcFKTj7912","name":"bash","arguments":"{\"command\": \"printf 'escalated\\\\n' > /tmp/dsh-escalated.txt && cat /tmp/dsh-escalated.txt && rm /tmp/dsh-escalated.txt\", \"description\": \"Write to /tmp and verify, then clean up\", \"sandbox_permissions\": \"danger-full-access\", \"justification\": \"the user asked to write a file outside the workspace\"}"}],"usage":{"inputTokens":1509,"outputTokens":198,"cacheReadTokens":0,"reasoningTokens":48}},"sourceEventSeqs":[7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129,130,131,132,133,134,135,136,137,138,139,140,141,142,143,144,145,146,147,148,149,150,151,152,153],"surfaceOp":"append"}
 {"type":"tool/call","seq":155,"time":1783962246274,"data":{"turn":1,"step":1,"callId":"call_00_WB1vnPomi8yr6MlcFKTj7912","name":"bash","arguments":"{\"command\": \"printf 'escalated\\\\n' > /tmp/dsh-escalated.txt && cat /tmp/dsh-escalated.txt && rm /tmp/dsh-escalated.txt\", \"description\": \"Write to /tmp and verify, then clean up\", \"sandbox_permissions\": \"danger-full-access\", \"justification\": \"the user asked to write a file outside the workspace\"}"}}
-{"type":"approval/asked","seq":156,"time":1783962246275,"data":{"id":"589253cc-fa72-4d5e-bf20-04de94b41369","toolName":"bash","callId":"call_00_WB1vnPomi8yr6MlcFKTj7912","reason":"escalate sandbox to danger-full-access: the user asked to write a file outside the workspace"}}
-{"type":"approval/decided","seq":157,"time":1783962246275,"data":{"id":"589253cc-fa72-4d5e-bf20-04de94b41369","outcome":"rejected"}}
+{"type":"approval/asked","seq":156,"time":1783962246275,"data":{"id":"39a88fbe-b844-47b1-aea3-8d42e862ab74","toolName":"bash","callId":"call_00_WB1vnPomi8yr6MlcFKTj7912","reason":"escalate sandbox to danger-full-access: the user asked to write a file outside the workspace"}}
+{"type":"approval/decided","seq":157,"time":1783962246275,"data":{"id":"39a88fbe-b844-47b1-aea3-8d42e862ab74","outcome":"rejected"}}
 {"type":"tool/result","seq":158,"time":1783962246275,"data":{"turn":1,"step":1,"callId":"call_00_WB1vnPomi8yr6MlcFKTj7912","content":[{"type":"text","text":"Error: the user rejected escalating this command to \"danger-full-access\""}],"isError":true},"sourceEventSeqs":[155],"surfaceOp":"append"}
 {"type":"step/end","seq":159,"time":1783962246276,"data":{"turn":1,"step":1}}
 {"type":"step/start","seq":160,"time":1783962246276,"data":{"turn":1,"step":2}}

examples/acp-agent/tests/snapshots/fs-escalation-approved/session.jsonl

@@ -89,8 +89,8 @@
 {"type":"assistant/chunk","seq":87,"time":1784045703776,"data":{"turn":1,"step":1,"chunk":{"type":"finish","reason":{"kind":"tool-calls"}}}}
 {"type":"assistant/message","seq":88,"time":1784045703780,"data":{"turn":1,"step":1,"content":[{"type":"reasoning","text":"The user wants me to create a file using the write tool with sandbox_permissions. Let me do that."},{"type":"tool-call","id":"call_00_Fnymmavpr4klMDy4Fdej3227","name":"write","arguments":"{\"file_path\": \"escalated.md\", \"content\": \"escalated\", \"sandbox_permissions\": \"danger-full-access\", \"justification\": \"the user asked to escalate this write\"}"}],"usage":{"inputTokens":3871,"outputTokens":132,"cacheReadTokens":0,"reasoningTokens":23}},"sourceEventSeqs":[7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"surfaceOp":"append"}
 {"type":"tool/call","seq":89,"time":1784045703780,"data":{"turn":1,"step":1,"callId":"call_00_Fnymmavpr4klMDy4Fdej3227","name":"write","arguments":"{\"file_path\": \"escalated.md\", \"content\": \"escalated\", \"sandbox_permissions\": \"danger-full-access\", \"justification\": \"the user asked to escalate this write\"}"}}
-{"type":"approval/asked","seq":90,"time":1784045703782,"data":{"id":"2aa5e946-0724-4e21-ad5a-9ebeac7f5051","toolName":"write","callId":"call_00_Fnymmavpr4klMDy4Fdej3227","reason":"escalate sandbox to danger-full-access: the user asked to escalate this write"}}
-{"type":"approval/decided","seq":91,"time":1784045703786,"data":{"id":"2aa5e946-0724-4e21-ad5a-9ebeac7f5051","outcome":"allowed-once"}}
+{"type":"approval/asked","seq":90,"time":1784045703782,"data":{"id":"a81d0d29-250e-4698-a054-6002f620eabd","toolName":"write","callId":"call_00_Fnymmavpr4klMDy4Fdej3227","reason":"escalate sandbox to danger-full-access: the user asked to escalate this write"}}
+{"type":"approval/decided","seq":91,"time":1784045703786,"data":{"id":"a81d0d29-250e-4698-a054-6002f620eabd","outcome":"allowed-once"}}
 {"type":"tool/result","seq":92,"time":1784045703798,"data":{"turn":1,"step":1,"callId":"call_00_Fnymmavpr4klMDy4Fdej3227","content":[{"type":"text","text":"<path>/var/folders/2g/b32ct0qn1d728l_v6tdkjytr0000gn/T/acp-snap-cwd-vmEGzd/escalated.md</path>\n<type>file</type>\n<content>\nCreated file\n</content>"}],"isError":false},"sourceEventSeqs":[89],"surfaceOp":"append"}
 {"type":"step/end","seq":93,"time":1784045703798,"data":{"turn":1,"step":1}}
 {"type":"step/start","seq":94,"time":1784045703799,"data":{"turn":1,"step":2}}

examples/acp-agent/tests/snapshots/hook-cc-pretool-ask/session.jsonl

@@ -55,8 +55,8 @@
 {"type":"tool/call","seq":53,"time":1783352172557,"data":{"turn":1,"step":1,"callId":"call_00_6k0oGSliVHxGSgqBmMEO4311","name":"bash","arguments":"{\"command\": \"echo HELLO\", \"description\": \"Echo HELLO\"}"}}
 {"type":"hook/invoked","seq":54,"time":1783352172558,"data":{"turn":1,"point":"PreToolUse","dialect":"claude","handlerId":"claude:PreToolUse:1","matcher":"bash"}}
 {"type":"hook/result","seq":55,"time":1783352172573,"data":{"turn":1,"point":"PreToolUse","handlerId":"claude:PreToolUse:1","decision":"ask","exitCode":0,"durationMs":14.113374999999905}}
-{"type":"approval/asked","seq":56,"time":1783962235813,"data":{"id":"94f1096b-9e13-4a4b-8b65-79555e8fa00a","toolName":"bash","callId":"call_00_6k0oGSliVHxGSgqBmMEO4311","reason":"bash requires manual approval in this session"}}
-{"type":"approval/decided","seq":57,"time":1783962235813,"data":{"id":"94f1096b-9e13-4a4b-8b65-79555e8fa00a","outcome":"rejected"}}
+{"type":"approval/asked","seq":56,"time":1783962235813,"data":{"id":"167a6d4e-a6ab-4aa7-9ce3-9565a8bdc950","toolName":"bash","callId":"call_00_6k0oGSliVHxGSgqBmMEO4311","reason":"bash requires manual approval in this session"}}
+{"type":"approval/decided","seq":57,"time":1783962235813,"data":{"id":"167a6d4e-a6ab-4aa7-9ce3-9565a8bdc950","outcome":"rejected"}}
 {"type":"tool/result","seq":58,"time":1783962235814,"data":{"turn":1,"step":1,"callId":"call_00_6k0oGSliVHxGSgqBmMEO4311","content":[{"type":"text","text":"Error: the user rejected tool \"bash\""}],"isError":true},"sourceEventSeqs":[53],"surfaceOp":"append"}
 {"type":"step/end","seq":59,"time":1783962235814,"data":{"turn":1,"step":1}}
 {"type":"step/start","seq":60,"time":1783962235814,"data":{"turn":1,"step":2}}

examples/acp-agent/tests/snapshots/permission-switching/session.jsonl

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {"type":"session","version":0,"id":"df041acb-2f14-4d5f-b6e2-2fb6b9eb6427","createdAt":1783860666204,"cwd":"/var/folders/2g/b32ct0qn1d728l_v6tdkjytr0000gn/T/acp-snap-cwd-4oJKT4"}
 {"type":"turn/start","seq":0,"time":1783860666206,"data":{"turn":1,"trigger":{"kind":"message","source":{"kind":"user"}}}}
 {"type":"permission/preset","seq":1,"time":1783962244578,"data":{"preset":"workspace-write"}}
-{"type":"sandbox/mode","seq":2,"time":1784122483357,"data":{"mode":"workspace-write"}}
+{"type":"sandbox/mode","seq":2,"time":1784215683734,"data":{"mode":"workspace-write"}}
 {"type":"approval/policy","seq":3,"time":1783962244578,"data":{"policy":"ask"}}
 {"type":"user/message","seq":4,"time":1783962244578,"data":{"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Use the bash tool to run exactly this one command in a single call: printf 'before\\n' > out.txt && cat out.txt. Then reply with the single word DONE and stop."}],"source":{"kind":"user"}},"surfaceOp":"append"}
 {"type":"step/start","seq":5,"time":1783962244579,"data":{"turn":1,"step":1}}
@@ -102,12 +102,12 @@
 {"type":"turn/end","seq":100,"time":1783962244601,"data":{"turn":1,"reason":{"kind":"completed"}}}
 {"type":"turn/start","seq":101,"time":1783962244623,"data":{"turn":2,"trigger":{"kind":"message","source":{"kind":"user"}}}}
 {"type":"permission/preset","seq":102,"time":1783962244624,"data":{"preset":"danger-full-access"}}
-{"type":"sandbox/mode","seq":103,"time":1784122483470,"data":{"mode":"danger-full-access"}}
+{"type":"sandbox/mode","seq":103,"time":1784215683846,"data":{"mode":"danger-full-access"}}
 {"type":"approval/policy","seq":104,"time":1783962244624,"data":{"policy":"never"}}
 {"type":"user/message","seq":105,"time":1783962244624,"data":{"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Use the bash tool to run exactly: cat out.txt. Then reply with the single word DONE and stop."}],"source":{"kind":"user"}},"surfaceOp":"append"}
 {"type":"context/message","seq":106,"time":1783962244624,"data":{"content":[{"type":"text","text":"The approval policy changed from \"ask\" to \"never\" (changed by the user)."}],"source":{"kind":"plugin","plugin":"user-approval"}},"surfaceOp":"append"}
 {"type":"step/start","seq":107,"time":1783962244624,"data":{"turn":2,"step":1}}
-{"type":"request/header-delta","seq":108,"time":1783962244624,"data":{"system":{"keepStart":15,"keepEnd":2,"insert":["{{system}}","{{system}}"]}}}
+{"type":"request/header-delta","seq":108,"time":1783962244624,"data":{"system":{"keepStart":17,"keepEnd":2,"insert":["{{system}}","{{system}}"]}}}
 {"type":"assistant/chunk","seq":109,"time":1783860671025,"data":{"turn":2,"step":1,"chunk":{"type":"block-start","index":0,"blockType":"reasoning"}}}
 {"type":"assistant/chunk","seq":110,"time":1783860671026,"data":{"turn":2,"step":1,"chunk":{"type":"reasoning-delta","index":0,"text":"The"}}}
 {"type":"assistant/chunk","seq":111,"time":1783860671026,"data":{"turn":2,"step":1,"chunk":{"type":"reasoning-delta","index":0,"text":" user"}}}

examples/acp-agent/tests/snapshots/permission-switching/system-prompt.golden.md

@@ -13,11 +13,13 @@ Use the edit tool for targeted changes to existing UTF-8 text files. It replaces
 
 Check the [exit code: N] marker on every bash result; investigate failures before moving on.
 
+Track every background task id you start. You are notified in-session when a task finishes — do not busy-poll or sleep on one; keep working on independent steps and do not duplicate a running task's work. Before giving a final answer, collect every still-relevant task with task_output (set wait: true only when you are genuinely blocked on it), and task_kill tasks that stopped mattering.
+
 <!-- dsh-user-approval-policy:ask -->
 
 Use the workflow tool ONLY when the user explicitly asks for a workflow or for large multi-agent orchestration: you write a JavaScript script (the tool description documents the exact format) that fans work out across many subagents with phases and structured results. For one or two delegations, prefer plain subagent calls.
 
-<!-- request/header-delta 1: keepStart=15, keepEnd=2 -->
+<!-- request/header-delta 1: keepStart=17, keepEnd=2 -->
 
 Approval prompts are disabled in this session: actions that require approval are rejected automatically — do not request sandbox escalation (do not set `sandbox_permissions`).
 <!-- dsh-user-approval-policy:never -->

examples/acp-agent/tests/snapshots/permission-switching/tool-schemas.golden.json

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   "initial": [
     {
       "name": "bash",
-      "description": "Execute a bash command (`bash -c`) and return its stdout/stderr. Each call runs in a fresh shell: no state (cwd, variables, functions) persists between calls — pass `workdir` instead of using `cd`. Non-zero exits are reported as `[exit code: N]`. Commands may run under a file sandbox; a blocked file operation is reported as `[sandbox: file access denied under <mode> mode]` — a policy denial, not a bug in the command; do not retry another way (a background task reports the same marker via bash_output once it has finished). Long output is truncated to its tail; the full output is saved to a file whose path is reported when available. Set `run_in_background: true` for long-running commands: the call returns a task id immediately; poll it with `bash_output` and stop it with `bash_kill`. Attempting a command the sandbox may deny is safe and expected: run it and read the marker rather than assuming the denial. When a command IS denied and a wider mode would let it succeed, escalate immediately in the SAME turn — the ONE sanctioned exception to a denial: retry the exact same command once with `sandbox_permissions` (the narrowest wider mode that suffices) plus a one-sentence `justification`. Do not detour through chat to ask permission first — the approval prompt raised by that retry IS how the user consents. If the session states approval prompts are disabled, there is no exception: a denial is final — do not set `sandbox_permissions`. Never escalate speculatively: ground the request in a real denial — normally the one THIS command just hit; escalating up front is fine only when this session already denied the same access. A rejected escalation is final for THAT command — stop and explain, never work around it — but it does not forbid attempting or escalating other commands later.",
+      "description": "Execute a bash command (`bash -c`) and return its stdout/stderr. Each call runs in a fresh shell: no state (cwd, variables, functions) persists between calls — pass `workdir` instead of using `cd`. Non-zero exits are reported as `[exit code: N]`. Commands may run under a file sandbox; a blocked file operation is reported as `[sandbox: file access denied under <mode> mode]` — a policy denial, not a bug in the command; do not retry another way. Long output is truncated to its tail; the full output is saved to a file whose path is reported when available. Set `run_in_background: true` for long-running commands: the call returns a task id immediately; read its output with `task_output` and stop it with `task_kill`. Attempting a command the sandbox may deny is safe and expected: run it and read the marker rather than assuming the denial. When a command is denied and a wider mode would let it succeed, escalate immediately in the same turn — the one sanctioned exception to a denial: retry the exact same command once with `sandbox_permissions` (the narrowest wider mode that suffices) plus a one-sentence `justification`. Do not detour through chat to ask permission first — the approval prompt raised by that retry is how the user consents. If the session states approval prompts are disabled, there is no exception: a denial is final — do not set `sandbox_permissions`. Never escalate speculatively: ground the request in a real denial — normally the one this command just hit; escalating up front is fine only when this session already denied the same access. A rejected escalation is final for that command — stop and explain, never work around it — but it does not forbid attempting or escalating other commands later.",
       "parameters": {
         "type": "object",
         "properties": {
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
           },
           "run_in_background": {
             "type": "boolean",
-            "description": "Run in the background and return a task id immediately. No timeout applies."
+            "description": "Run in the background and return a task id immediately (collect with task_output, stop with task_kill). No timeout applies."
           },
           "sandbox_permissions": {
             "type": "string",
@@ -45,38 +45,6 @@
         ]
       }
     },
-    {
-      "name": "bash_kill",
-      "description": "Ask the executor to kill a running background bash task by task id.",
-      "parameters": {
-        "type": "object",
-        "properties": {
-          "task_id": {
-            "type": "string",
-            "description": "Task id returned by the bash tool."
-          }
-        },
-        "required": [
-          "task_id"
-        ]
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "bash_output",
-      "description": "Read new output from a background bash task started with `bash` + `run_in_background`. Returns only output produced since the previous bash_output call, plus the task status. Tasks keep running while you do other work; poll again later for more output.",
-      "parameters": {
-        "type": "object",
-        "properties": {
-          "task_id": {
-            "type": "string",
-            "description": "Task id returned by the bash tool."
-          }
-        },
-        "required": [
-          "task_id"
-        ]
-      }
-    },
     {
       "name": "edit",
       "description": "Edit an existing UTF-8 text file by replacing literal text.",
@@ -161,7 +129,7 @@
     },
     {
       "name": "subagent",
-      "description": "Delegate a self-contained task to a subagent (a separate agent that works in its own context) and return its final result. Use this to offload focused, independent work — research, a scoped implementation, an analysis — so it does not consume this conversation's context. The subagent runs to completion and you receive only its final answer, not its intermediate steps. Give it a complete, standalone prompt: it does not see this conversation.",
+      "description": "Delegate a self-contained task to a subagent (a separate agent that works in its own context) and return its final result. Use this to offload focused, independent work — research, a scoped implementation, an analysis — so it does not consume this conversation's context. The subagent runs to completion and you receive only its final answer, not its intermediate steps. Give it a complete, standalone prompt: it does not see this conversation. Set `run_in_background: true` to return a task id; collect with `task_output` and stop with `task_kill`.",
       "parameters": {
         "type": "object",
         "properties": {
@@ -172,6 +140,10 @@
           "prompt": {
             "type": "string",
             "description": "The complete, self-contained task for the subagent. It does not share this conversation's context, so include everything it needs."
+          },
+          "run_in_background": {
+            "type": "boolean",
+            "description": "Run as a background task and return its id; collect with task_output or stop with task_kill."
           }
         },
         "required": [
@@ -182,7 +154,7 @@
     },
     {
       "name": "subagent_fork",
-      "description": "Delegate a task to a subagent that INHERITS this conversation: a child agent seeded with all completed turns so far (it does not see the current in-flight turn), returning only its final result. Use this when the subtask builds on this conversation's context — a follow-up analysis, a review, a continuation — without consuming this conversation's context for the work itself. You receive only its final answer, not its intermediate steps.",
+      "description": "Delegate a task to a subagent that inherits this conversation: a child agent seeded with all completed turns so far (it does not see the current in-flight turn), returning only its final result. Use this when the subtask builds on this conversation's context — a follow-up analysis, a review, a continuation — without consuming this conversation's context for the work itself. You receive only its final answer, not its intermediate steps. Set `run_in_background: true` to return a task id; collect with `task_output` and stop with `task_kill`.",
       "parameters": {
         "type": "object",
         "properties": {
@@ -193,6 +165,10 @@
           "prompt": {
             "type": "string",
             "description": "The task for the subagent. It already sees this conversation's completed turns, so build on them freely and state only what is new."
+          },
+          "run_in_background": {
+            "type": "boolean",
+            "description": "Run as a background task and return its id; collect with task_output or stop with task_kill."
           }
         },
         "required": [
@@ -201,6 +177,58 @@
         ]
       }
     },
+    {
+      "name": "task_kill",
+      "description": "Request cancellation of a running background task by task id. Returns immediately; the task settles as killed once its work actually stops.",
+      "parameters": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "task_id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "description": "Task id returned by the tool that started the background work."
+          },
+          "reason": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "description": "Optional short reason, recorded in the log and forwarded to the task."
+          }
+        },
+        "required": [
+          "task_id"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "task_list",
+      "description": "List your background tasks (running and finished) with their ids, kinds, and statuses.",
+      "parameters": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {}
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "task_output",
+      "description": "Read a background task. Stream tasks return only output since the previous read; final-output tasks return their result after settlement. Every response ends with `[status: ...]`. Reads are non-blocking unless `wait: true`, which waits up to the configured cap.",
+      "parameters": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "task_id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "description": "Task id returned by the tool that started the background work."
+          },
+          "wait": {
+            "type": "boolean",
+            "description": "Block until the task reaches a terminal status or the timeout expires. A timed-out wait returns [status: running] and leaves the task alive."
+          },
+          "timeout_ms": {
+            "type": "number",
+            "description": "Max wait in milliseconds (only meaningful with wait: true). Defaults to the configured wait timeout; capped by the configured maximum."
+          }
+        },
+        "required": [
+          "task_id"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
     {
       "name": "todo_write",
       "description": "Record and update a structured task list for the current work. Send the ENTIRE list every call — it REPLACES the previous list (there are no partial updates, no per-item edits). Use it to plan multi-step work and show progress: add one todo per concrete step before you start. Keep AT MOST ONE todo `in_progress` at a time; while work remains, exactly one active task should be `in_progress`. Mark a todo `completed` the moment it is done (do not batch completions), and allow no `in_progress` item only once all work is complete. Skip the list for trivial single-step tasks. Statuses: `pending` (not started), `in_progress` (being worked on now), `completed` (finished).",

examples/acp-agent/tests/snapshots/skill-load/system-prompt.golden.md

@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ Use the edit tool for targeted changes to existing UTF-8 text files. It replaces
 
 Check the [exit code: N] marker on every bash result; investigate failures before moving on.
 
+Track every background task id you start. You are notified in-session when a task finishes — do not busy-poll or sleep on one; keep working on independent steps and do not duplicate a running task's work. Before giving a final answer, collect every still-relevant task with task_output (set wait: true only when you are genuinely blocked on it), and task_kill tasks that stopped mattering.
+
 Approval prompts are disabled in this session: actions that require approval are rejected automatically — do not request sandbox escalation (do not set `sandbox_permissions`).
 <!-- dsh-user-approval-policy:never -->
 

examples/acp-agent/tests/snapshots/skill-load/tool-schemas.golden.json

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   "initial": [
     {
       "name": "bash",
-      "description": "Execute a bash command (`bash -c`) and return its stdout/stderr. Each call runs in a fresh shell: no state (cwd, variables, functions) persists between calls — pass `workdir` instead of using `cd`. Non-zero exits are reported as `[exit code: N]`. Commands may run under a file sandbox; a blocked file operation is reported as `[sandbox: file access denied under <mode> mode]` — a policy denial, not a bug in the command; do not retry another way (a background task reports the same marker via bash_output once it has finished). Long output is truncated to its tail; the full output is saved to a file whose path is reported when available. Set `run_in_background: true` for long-running commands: the call returns a task id immediately; poll it with `bash_output` and stop it with `bash_kill`. Attempting a command the sandbox may deny is safe and expected: run it and read the marker rather than assuming the denial. When a command IS denied and a wider mode would let it succeed, escalate immediately in the SAME turn — the ONE sanctioned exception to a denial: retry the exact same command once with `sandbox_permissions` (the narrowest wider mode that suffices) plus a one-sentence `justification`. Do not detour through chat to ask permission first — the approval prompt raised by that retry IS how the user consents. If the session states approval prompts are disabled, there is no exception: a denial is final — do not set `sandbox_permissions`. Never escalate speculatively: ground the request in a real denial — normally the one THIS command just hit; escalating up front is fine only when this session already denied the same access. A rejected escalation is final for THAT command — stop and explain, never work around it — but it does not forbid attempting or escalating other commands later.",
+      "description": "Execute a bash command (`bash -c`) and return its stdout/stderr. Each call runs in a fresh shell: no state (cwd, variables, functions) persists between calls — pass `workdir` instead of using `cd`. Non-zero exits are reported as `[exit code: N]`. Commands may run under a file sandbox; a blocked file operation is reported as `[sandbox: file access denied under <mode> mode]` — a policy denial, not a bug in the command; do not retry another way. Long output is truncated to its tail; the full output is saved to a file whose path is reported when available. Set `run_in_background: true` for long-running commands: the call returns a task id immediately; read its output with `task_output` and stop it with `task_kill`. Attempting a command the sandbox may deny is safe and expected: run it and read the marker rather than assuming the denial. When a command is denied and a wider mode would let it succeed, escalate immediately in the same turn — the one sanctioned exception to a denial: retry the exact same command once with `sandbox_permissions` (the narrowest wider mode that suffices) plus a one-sentence `justification`. Do not detour through chat to ask permission first — the approval prompt raised by that retry is how the user consents. If the session states approval prompts are disabled, there is no exception: a denial is final — do not set `sandbox_permissions`. Never escalate speculatively: ground the request in a real denial — normally the one this command just hit; escalating up front is fine only when this session already denied the same access. A rejected escalation is final for that command — stop and explain, never work around it — but it does not forbid attempting or escalating other commands later.",
       "parameters": {
         "type": "object",
         "properties": {
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
           },
           "run_in_background": {
             "type": "boolean",
-            "description": "Run in the background and return a task id immediately. No timeout applies."
+            "description": "Run in the background and return a task id immediately (collect with task_output, stop with task_kill). No timeout applies."
           },
           "sandbox_permissions": {
             "type": "string",
@@ -45,38 +45,6 @@
         ]
       }
     },
-    {
-      "name": "bash_kill",
-      "description": "Ask the executor to kill a running background bash task by task id.",
-      "parameters": {
-        "type": "object",
-        "properties": {
-          "task_id": {
-            "type": "string",
-            "description": "Task id returned by the bash tool."
-          }
-        },
-        "required": [
-          "task_id"
-        ]
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "bash_output",
-      "description": "Read new output from a background bash task started with `bash` + `run_in_background`. Returns only output produced since the previous bash_output call, plus the task status. Tasks keep running while you do other work; poll again later for more output.",
-      "parameters": {
-        "type": "object",
-        "properties": {
-          "task_id": {
-            "type": "string",
-            "description": "Task id returned by the bash tool."
-          }
-        },
-        "required": [
-          "task_id"
-        ]
-      }
-    },
     {
       "name": "edit",
       "description": "Edit an existing UTF-8 text file by replacing literal text.",
@@ -161,7 +129,7 @@
     },
     {
       "name": "subagent",
-      "description": "Delegate a self-contained task to a subagent (a separate agent that works in its own context) and return its final result. Use this to offload focused, independent work — research, a scoped implementation, an analysis — so it does not consume this conversation's context. The subagent runs to completion and you receive only its final answer, not its intermediate steps. Give it a complete, standalone prompt: it does not see this conversation.",
+      "description": "Delegate a self-contained task to a subagent (a separate agent that works in its own context) and return its final result. Use this to offload focused, independent work — research, a scoped implementation, an analysis — so it does not consume this conversation's context. The subagent runs to completion and you receive only its final answer, not its intermediate steps. Give it a complete, standalone prompt: it does not see this conversation. Set `run_in_background: true` to return a task id; collect with `task_output` and stop with `task_kill`.",
       "parameters": {
         "type": "object",
         "properties": {
@@ -172,6 +140,10 @@
           "prompt": {
             "type": "string",
             "description": "The complete, self-contained task for the subagent. It does not share this conversation's context, so include everything it needs."
+          },
+          "run_in_background": {
+            "type": "boolean",
+            "description": "Run as a background task and return its id; collect with task_output or stop with task_kill."
           }
         },
         "required": [
@@ -182,7 +154,7 @@
     },
     {
       "name": "subagent_fork",
-      "description": "Delegate a task to a subagent that INHERITS this conversation: a child agent seeded with all completed turns so far (it does not see the current in-flight turn), returning only its final result. Use this when the subtask builds on this conversation's context — a follow-up analysis, a review, a continuation — without consuming this conversation's context for the work itself. You receive only its final answer, not its intermediate steps.",
+      "description": "Delegate a task to a subagent that inherits this conversation: a child agent seeded with all completed turns so far (it does not see the current in-flight turn), returning only its final result. Use this when the subtask builds on this conversation's context — a follow-up analysis, a review, a continuation — without consuming this conversation's context for the work itself. You receive only its final answer, not its intermediate steps. Set `run_in_background: true` to return a task id; collect with `task_output` and stop with `task_kill`.",
       "parameters": {
         "type": "object",
         "properties": {
@@ -193,6 +165,10 @@
           "prompt": {
             "type": "string",
             "description": "The task for the subagent. It already sees this conversation's completed turns, so build on them freely and state only what is new."
+          },
+          "run_in_background": {
+            "type": "boolean",
+            "description": "Run as a background task and return its id; collect with task_output or stop with task_kill."
           }
         },
         "required": [
@@ -201,6 +177,58 @@
         ]
       }
     },
+    {
+      "name": "task_kill",
+      "description": "Request cancellation of a running background task by task id. Returns immediately; the task settles as killed once its work actually stops.",
+      "parameters": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "task_id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "description": "Task id returned by the tool that started the background work."
+          },
+          "reason": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "description": "Optional short reason, recorded in the log and forwarded to the task."
+          }
+        },
+        "required": [
+          "task_id"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "task_list",
+      "description": "List your background tasks (running and finished) with their ids, kinds, and statuses.",
+      "parameters": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {}
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "task_output",
+      "description": "Read a background task. Stream tasks return only output since the previous read; final-output tasks return their result after settlement. Every response ends with `[status: ...]`. Reads are non-blocking unless `wait: true`, which waits up to the configured cap.",
+      "parameters": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "task_id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "description": "Task id returned by the tool that started the background work."
+          },
+          "wait": {
+            "type": "boolean",
+            "description": "Block until the task reaches a terminal status or the timeout expires. A timed-out wait returns [status: running] and leaves the task alive."
+          },
+          "timeout_ms": {
+            "type": "number",
+            "description": "Max wait in milliseconds (only meaningful with wait: true). Defaults to the configured wait timeout; capped by the configured maximum."
+          }
+        },
+        "required": [
+          "task_id"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
     {
       "name": "todo_write",
       "description": "Record and update a structured task list for the current work. Send the ENTIRE list every call — it REPLACES the previous list (there are no partial updates, no per-item edits). Use it to plan multi-step work and show progress: add one todo per concrete step before you start. Keep AT MOST ONE todo `in_progress` at a time; while work remains, exactly one active task should be `in_progress`. Mark a todo `completed` the moment it is done (do not batch completions), and allow no `in_progress` item only once all work is complete. Skip the list for trivial single-step tasks. Statuses: `pending` (not started), `in_progress` (being worked on now), `completed` (finished).",

examples/acp-agent/tests/snapshots/text-turn/system-prompt.golden.md

@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ Use the edit tool for targeted changes to existing UTF-8 text files. It replaces
 
 Check the [exit code: N] marker on every bash result; investigate failures before moving on.
 
+Track every background task id you start. You are notified in-session when a task finishes — do not busy-poll or sleep on one; keep working on independent steps and do not duplicate a running task's work. Before giving a final answer, collect every still-relevant task with task_output (set wait: true only when you are genuinely blocked on it), and task_kill tasks that stopped mattering.
+
 Approval prompts are disabled in this session: actions that require approval are rejected automatically — do not request sandbox escalation (do not set `sandbox_permissions`).
 <!-- dsh-user-approval-policy:never -->
 

examples/acp-agent/tests/snapshots/text-turn/tool-schemas.golden.json

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   "initial": [
     {
       "name": "bash",
-      "description": "Execute a bash command (`bash -c`) and return its stdout/stderr. Each call runs in a fresh shell: no state (cwd, variables, functions) persists between calls — pass `workdir` instead of using `cd`. Non-zero exits are reported as `[exit code: N]`. Commands may run under a file sandbox; a blocked file operation is reported as `[sandbox: file access denied under <mode> mode]` — a policy denial, not a bug in the command; do not retry another way (a background task reports the same marker via bash_output once it has finished). Long output is truncated to its tail; the full output is saved to a file whose path is reported when available. Set `run_in_background: true` for long-running commands: the call returns a task id immediately; poll it with `bash_output` and stop it with `bash_kill`. Attempting a command the sandbox may deny is safe and expected: run it and read the marker rather than assuming the denial. When a command IS denied and a wider mode would let it succeed, escalate immediately in the SAME turn — the ONE sanctioned exception to a denial: retry the exact same command once with `sandbox_permissions` (the narrowest wider mode that suffices) plus a one-sentence `justification`. Do not detour through chat to ask permission first — the approval prompt raised by that retry IS how the user consents. If the session states approval prompts are disabled, there is no exception: a denial is final — do not set `sandbox_permissions`. Never escalate speculatively: ground the request in a real denial — normally the one THIS command just hit; escalating up front is fine only when this session already denied the same access. A rejected escalation is final for THAT command — stop and explain, never work around it — but it does not forbid attempting or escalating other commands later.",
+      "description": "Execute a bash command (`bash -c`) and return its stdout/stderr. Each call runs in a fresh shell: no state (cwd, variables, functions) persists between calls — pass `workdir` instead of using `cd`. Non-zero exits are reported as `[exit code: N]`. Commands may run under a file sandbox; a blocked file operation is reported as `[sandbox: file access denied under <mode> mode]` — a policy denial, not a bug in the command; do not retry another way. Long output is truncated to its tail; the full output is saved to a file whose path is reported when available. Set `run_in_background: true` for long-running commands: the call returns a task id immediately; read its output with `task_output` and stop it with `task_kill`. Attempting a command the sandbox may deny is safe and expected: run it and read the marker rather than assuming the denial. When a command is denied and a wider mode would let it succeed, escalate immediately in the same turn — the one sanctioned exception to a denial: retry the exact same command once with `sandbox_permissions` (the narrowest wider mode that suffices) plus a one-sentence `justification`. Do not detour through chat to ask permission first — the approval prompt raised by that retry is how the user consents. If the session states approval prompts are disabled, there is no exception: a denial is final — do not set `sandbox_permissions`. Never escalate speculatively: ground the request in a real denial — normally the one this command just hit; escalating up front is fine only when this session already denied the same access. A rejected escalation is final for that command — stop and explain, never work around it — but it does not forbid attempting or escalating other commands later.",
       "parameters": {
         "type": "object",
         "properties": {
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
           },
           "run_in_background": {
             "type": "boolean",
-            "description": "Run in the background and return a task id immediately. No timeout applies."
+            "description": "Run in the background and return a task id immediately (collect with task_output, stop with task_kill). No timeout applies."
           },
           "sandbox_permissions": {
             "type": "string",
@@ -45,38 +45,6 @@
         ]
       }
     },
-    {
-      "name": "bash_kill",
-      "description": "Ask the executor to kill a running background bash task by task id.",
-      "parameters": {
-        "type": "object",
-        "properties": {
-          "task_id": {
-            "type": "string",
-            "description": "Task id returned by the bash tool."
-          }
-        },
-        "required": [
-          "task_id"
-        ]
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "bash_output",
-      "description": "Read new output from a background bash task started with `bash` + `run_in_background`. Returns only output produced since the previous bash_output call, plus the task status. Tasks keep running while you do other work; poll again later for more output.",
-      "parameters": {
-        "type": "object",
-        "properties": {
-          "task_id": {
-            "type": "string",
-            "description": "Task id returned by the bash tool."
-          }
-        },
-        "required": [
-          "task_id"
-        ]
-      }
-    },
     {
       "name": "edit",
       "description": "Edit an existing UTF-8 text file by replacing literal text.",
@@ -161,7 +129,7 @@
     },
     {
       "name": "subagent",
-      "description": "Delegate a self-contained task to a subagent (a separate agent that works in its own context) and return its final result. Use this to offload focused, independent work — research, a scoped implementation, an analysis — so it does not consume this conversation's context. The subagent runs to completion and you receive only its final answer, not its intermediate steps. Give it a complete, standalone prompt: it does not see this conversation.",
+      "description": "Delegate a self-contained task to a subagent (a separate agent that works in its own context) and return its final result. Use this to offload focused, independent work — research, a scoped implementation, an analysis — so it does not consume this conversation's context. The subagent runs to completion and you receive only its final answer, not its intermediate steps. Give it a complete, standalone prompt: it does not see this conversation. Set `run_in_background: true` to return a task id; collect with `task_output` and stop with `task_kill`.",
       "parameters": {
         "type": "object",
         "properties": {
@@ -172,6 +140,10 @@
           "prompt": {
             "type": "string",
             "description": "The complete, self-contained task for the subagent. It does not share this conversation's context, so include everything it needs."
+          },
+          "run_in_background": {
+            "type": "boolean",
+            "description": "Run as a background task and return its id; collect with task_output or stop with task_kill."
           }
         },
         "required": [
@@ -182,7 +154,7 @@
     },
     {
       "name": "subagent_fork",
-      "description": "Delegate a task to a subagent that INHERITS this conversation: a child agent seeded with all completed turns so far (it does not see the current in-flight turn), returning only its final result. Use this when the subtask builds on this conversation's context — a follow-up analysis, a review, a continuation — without consuming this conversation's context for the work itself. You receive only its final answer, not its intermediate steps.",
+      "description": "Delegate a task to a subagent that inherits this conversation: a child agent seeded with all completed turns so far (it does not see the current in-flight turn), returning only its final result. Use this when the subtask builds on this conversation's context — a follow-up analysis, a review, a continuation — without consuming this conversation's context for the work itself. You receive only its final answer, not its intermediate steps. Set `run_in_background: true` to return a task id; collect with `task_output` and stop with `task_kill`.",
       "parameters": {
         "type": "object",
         "properties": {
@@ -193,6 +165,10 @@
           "prompt": {
             "type": "string",
             "description": "The task for the subagent. It already sees this conversation's completed turns, so build on them freely and state only what is new."
+          },
+          "run_in_background": {
+            "type": "boolean",
+            "description": "Run as a background task and return its id; collect with task_output or stop with task_kill."
           }
         },
         "required": [
@@ -201,6 +177,58 @@
         ]
       }
     },
+    {
+      "name": "task_kill",
+      "description": "Request cancellation of a running background task by task id. Returns immediately; the task settles as killed once its work actually stops.",
+      "parameters": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "task_id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "description": "Task id returned by the tool that started the background work."
+          },
+          "reason": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "description": "Optional short reason, recorded in the log and forwarded to the task."
+          }
+        },
+        "required": [
+          "task_id"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "task_list",
+      "description": "List your background tasks (running and finished) with their ids, kinds, and statuses.",
+      "parameters": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {}
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "task_output",
+      "description": "Read a background task. Stream tasks return only output since the previous read; final-output tasks return their result after settlement. Every response ends with `[status: ...]`. Reads are non-blocking unless `wait: true`, which waits up to the configured cap.",
+      "parameters": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "task_id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "description": "Task id returned by the tool that started the background work."
+          },
+          "wait": {
+            "type": "boolean",
+            "description": "Block until the task reaches a terminal status or the timeout expires. A timed-out wait returns [status: running] and leaves the task alive."
+          },
+          "timeout_ms": {
+            "type": "number",
+            "description": "Max wait in milliseconds (only meaningful with wait: true). Defaults to the configured wait timeout; capped by the configured maximum."
+          }
+        },
+        "required": [
+          "task_id"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
     {
       "name": "todo_write",
       "description": "Record and update a structured task list for the current work. Send the ENTIRE list every call — it REPLACES the previous list (there are no partial updates, no per-item edits). Use it to plan multi-step work and show progress: add one todo per concrete step before you start. Keep AT MOST ONE todo `in_progress` at a time; while work remains, exactly one active task should be `in_progress`. Mark a todo `completed` the moment it is done (do not batch completions), and allow no `in_progress` item only once all work is complete. Skip the list for trivial single-step tasks. Statuses: `pending` (not started), `in_progress` (being worked on now), `completed` (finished).",

examples/coding-agent/README.md

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ The REPL agent demo wiring: DeepSeek V4 + the `read`/`write`/`edit` filesystem t
 pnpm run demo:repl
 ```
 
-Type a coding task. The agent works through the `read`/`write`/`edit` filesystem tools for ordinary file operations and `bash` (+ `bash_output` / `bash_kill` for background tasks) for shell commands, searches, and test runs, each in a fresh `bash -c` (the system prompt tells the model to pass `workdir` instead of `cd`). Both the fs tools and bash resolve relative paths against the session workspace. It can also delegate with `subagent`/`subagent_fork` and track multi-step work with `todo_write` (a whole-list task tracker rendered as a checklist). Reasoning streams dimmed; tool calls/results render inline.
+Type a coding task. The agent works through the `read`/`write`/`edit` filesystem tools for ordinary file operations and `bash` (+ the generic `task_output` / `task_list` / `task_kill` for background tasks) for shell commands, searches, and test runs, each in a fresh `bash -c` (the system prompt tells the model to pass `workdir` instead of `cd`). Both the fs tools and bash resolve relative paths against the session workspace. It can also delegate with `subagent`/`subagent_fork` and track multi-step work with `todo_write` (a whole-list task tracker rendered as a checklist). Reasoning streams dimmed; tool calls/results render inline.
 
 ```
 > fix the failing test in /path/to/project
@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@ This example is a thin leaf `cordis.yml`: it picks the swappable backends, loads
 |---|---|
 | `hmr` (`@cordisjs/plugin-hmr`) | the dev/demo edit-reload loop — a **leaf** entry (not baked into the app) because it is Loader-only and needs `node --expose-internals`, which `demo:repl` passes |
 | `llm-deepseek` | real `LlmAdapter` via config (`!!js process.env.…` secrets); swap one line to `@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm-pi-ai` for the library-backed twin |
-| `bash` (`dsh-bash-local`) | the executor implementation — the swappable half of the bash seam. The model-facing `bash`/`bash_output`/`bash_kill` tool schemas (`tool-bash`) come from `agent-core`, so only the executor is a leaf choice |
-| `stdio-agent` (`@deepseek-ai/dsh-stdio-demo`) | the app bundle: the agent-core spine + console logger + JSONL persistence + readline UI + a pre-created `main` agent. Its config carries the model, system prompt, `persistenceRoot` (`./.sessions`), and `resumeSessionId` — so persistence and the agent are configured here, not wired as separate leaf plugins |
+| `bash` (`dsh-bash-local`) | the executor implementation — the swappable half of the bash seam. The model-facing `bash` schema (`tool-bash`) and generic `task_*` controls (`tool-tasks`) come from `dsh-agent-spine-demo`, so only the executor is a leaf choice |
+| `stdio-agent` (`@deepseek-ai/dsh-stdio-demo`) | the app bundle: the agent-spine demo + console logger + JSONL persistence + readline UI + a pre-created `main` agent. Its config carries the model, system prompt, `persistenceRoot` (`./.sessions`), and `resumeSessionId` — so persistence and the agent are configured here, not wired as separate leaf plugins |
 | `subagent`, `subagent-spawn`, `subagent-fork` | the subagent provider registry plus the two in-process backends: a fresh child and a child seeded with the parent's completed-turn prefix |
 | `tool-subagent`, `tool-subagent-fork` | two model-facing `dsh-tool-subagent` loads, each bound to a different provider and exposed under a distinct tool name (`subagent`, `subagent_fork`) |
 | `tool-todo` | the model-facing `todo_write` tool; writes the whole task list to the session log and renders as a checklist in stdio |

examples/coding-agent/cordis.yml

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 # REPL agent with swappable DeepSeek and local-bash backends. `dsh-stdio-demo`
-# supplies the agent-core spine, logging, JSONL persistence, readline UI, and `main` agent.
+# supplies the agent spine, generic task controls, logging, JSONL persistence,
+# readline UI, and `main` agent.
 # HMR remains a leaf because it requires Loader internals; `demo:repl` passes
 # `--expose-internals`. The app bin loads the gitignored root `.env`; this file
 # reads `DEEPSEEK_API_KEY` and optional `DEEPSEEK_BASE_URL` through `!!js`.

knip.json

@@ -97,6 +97,15 @@
     "packages/examples/jsonrpc-demo": {
       "project": ["src/**/*.ts"]
     },
+    "packages/sdk/create-sdk": {
+      "entry": ["src/bin.ts", "tests/**/*.spec.ts", "tests/**/*.e2e.ts", "tests/**/*.snapshot.ts"],
+      "project": ["src/**/*.ts", "tests/**/*.ts"]
+    },
+    "packages/sdk/scripts": {
+      "entry": ["src/bin.ts", "tests/**/*.spec.ts", "tests/**/*.snapshot.ts"],
+      "project": ["src/**/*.ts", "tests/**/*.ts"],
+      "ignoreDependencies": ["node-addon-require-builtin"]
+    },
     "packages/subagent/subagent-spawn": {
       "entry": ["tests/**/*.spec.ts", "tests/**/*.e2e.ts"],
       "project": ["src/**/*.ts", "tests/**/*.ts"]

packages/README.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Packages use the `@deepseek-ai/dsh-*` scope. Each is a Cordis `Service` subclass
 
 ## Hierarchy
 
-Packages are grouped by modular role at `packages/<group>/<pkg>/`. The group directory is a pure container (no `package.json`); the package name stays `@deepseek-ai/dsh-<pkg>` regardless of group. **Each group README is the canonical per-package map** — package roles, ctx keys, and the product-vs-support split live there, next to the code.
+Packages live at `packages/<group>/<pkg>/`; groups are containers, while names remain `@deepseek-ai/dsh-<pkg>`. **Each group README is the canonical package/ctx-key map.**
 
 | Group | Role | Release expectation |
 |---|---|---|
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ Packages are grouped by modular role at `packages/<group>/<pkg>/`. The group dir
 | [`compact/`](compact/README.md) | Compaction capability family: the abstract seam + a basic backend (tool deferred) | Product — stable surface |
 | [`context/`](context/README.md) | Opt-in request-context enrichment | Product — stable surface |
 | [`subagent/`](subagent/README.md) | Subagent capability family: the provider-registry seam and the model-facing delegation tool | Product — stable surface |
+| [`tasks/`](tasks/README.md) | Generic background-task runtime and model-facing `task_*` control tools | Product — stable surface |
 | [`workflow/`](workflow/README.md) | Workflow capability family: the script-engine seam, the worker-thread engine, and the model-facing `workflow` tool | Product — stable surface |
 | [`web/`](web/README.md) | Web capability family: the abstract seam, search/fetch provider impls, and the model-facing web tools | Product — stable surface |
 | [`timeout/`](timeout/README.md) | Tool-call timeout policy: the `tools/execute` deadline enforcer | Product — stable surface |
@@ -27,12 +28,13 @@ Packages are grouped by modular role at `packages/<group>/<pkg>/`. The group dir
 | [`hooks/`](hooks/README.md) | Hook bridges + the shared Claude Code / Codex wire-protocol library | Product — stable surface |
 | [`session-persistence/`](session-persistence/README.md) | Persistence capability family: the seam + JSONL/SQLite backends | Product — stable surface |
 | [`session-query/`](session-query/README.md) | Session retrieval family: logical corpus, surface records, and bounded exact reads | Product — stable surface |
+| [`sdk/`](sdk/README.md) | Project SDK tooling | Product — stable surface |
 | [`ui/`](ui/README.md) | Editor/client integration surfaces: ACP bridge, JSON-RPC SDK server, user-approval/user-interaction seams, ask-user tool | Product — stable surface |
 | [`examples/`](examples/README.md) | Demo bundles (agent-spine + stdio/ACP/JSON-RPC bins) the leaves load | Support — example infra |
 | [`support/`](support/README.md) | Support infrastructure (invariants, replay, Loader smokes) | Support — lower compatibility expectations |
 | [`util/`](util/README.md) | Low-level zero-dependency utilities shared across groups (the `Branded<B>` primitive) | Support — small, stable, harness-dep-free |
 
-The split is the point: a package's group says whether it is part of the product API or support/test/example infrastructure, so release and removal decisions do not treat every package as an equal public contract. New packages join an existing group; adding a new top-level group is a deliberate act (extend the group READMEs and this table).
+Groups distinguish product API from support infrastructure. New packages join an existing group; a new group updates its README and this table.
 
 ## Dependencies
 

packages/bash/README.md

@@ -7,6 +7,6 @@ The canonical three-package capability seam (see [capability seams](../../docs/r
 | `bash/` | Abstract bash executor seam (interface + vocabulary; sandbox result facts carry the [`sandbox/`](../sandbox/README.md) seam's mode/enforcement vocabulary) | `ctx.bash` |
 | `bash-local/` | Local-subprocess `BashExecutor` implementation | (registers `ctx.bash`) |
 | `bash-sandbox/` | Sandbox-consuming `BashExecutor` (wraps every command argv via `ctx.sandbox`, stamps denial/enforcement facts; extends `bash-local`'s mechanics) | (registers `ctx.bash`) |
-| `tool-bash/` | Model-facing `bash`/`bash_output`/`bash_kill` tool schemas | (registers on `ctx.tools`) |
+| `tool-bash/` | Model-facing `bash` schema; background processes register with the generic [`tasks/`](../tasks/README.md) runtime | (registers on `ctx.tools`) |
 
 The interface lives at `bash/bash/`. `bash-sandbox` replacing `bash-local` without touching the interface or the tool is the split doing exactly what it exists for — a leaf `cordis.yml` picks one executor entry, plus a `ctx.sandbox` provider entry for the confined one (see [the acp-agent example's default composition](../../examples/acp-agent/)).

packages/bash/bash-local/README.md

@@ -24,12 +24,12 @@ Design surveyed against the bash tools of Claude Code, OpenCode, Codex, and pi;
 - **Spawn per call, no shell state** — every call is a fresh non-login `bash -c` (deterministic; no rc files). All four surveyed tools spawn per call. `XXX(stateful-shell)` in `src/run.ts` records the two proven stateful designs (Claude Code's cwd-only persistence; Codex's PTY exec sessions) for when real workflows demand them.
 - **Process-group kills with escalation** — children are spawned `detached` (own process group); kills send SIGTERM to the group, then SIGKILL after the `graceMs` grace (default 3s — OpenCode's escalation; pipelines and subshells die with the parent). ESRCH is tolerated; daemons that re-parent away from the group can still survive — same caveat as the surveyed tools.
 - **Tail-keep truncation + spill files** — output beyond `maxOutputBytes` keeps the in-memory TAIL (errors/results cluster at the end — pi/OpenCode rationale) while the FULL stream is appended to a temp file whose path is reported when available. If the final spill close reports a delayed writeback failure, the executor still returns the tail but withholds the path rather than advertising a possibly incomplete file.
-- **Model-friendly environment** — ambient credential-shaped variables are removed before noninteractive terminal defaults and explicit caller entries are applied. Supplied stdin is written and closed; otherwise fd 0 is `/dev/null`. Trusted plugins use `env` and `stdin`, but the model-facing tool does not expose them. See the [bash stdin/env RFC](../../../docs/rfc/implemented/architecture/2026-06-30-bash-stdin-env-trusted-plugin-surface.md).
-- **Background tasks** — `start()` returns immediately, no timeout applies (Claude Code detaches timeouts when backgrounding), `readOutput()` is incremental with whole-stream byte offsets, and disposal kills everything. The spec's opaque `owner` token is stored on the tracked task and returned by `ownerOf(id)` — the executor never interprets it (the consumer's access policy does), and because it lives with the task here it survives a `tool-bash` HMR reload.
+- **Model-friendly env + credential scrub** — `process.env` minus credential-shaped vars (`*KEY*`/`*SECRET*`/`*TOKEN*`), then `NO_COLOR=1 TERM=dumb PAGER=cat GIT_PAGER=cat` (Codex's hardcoded set) so pagers and ANSI color don't garble results. This scrub is the security control that keeps the harness's *ambient* credentials out of a spawned command. A spec's `env` is merged LAST (after the scrub), so a caller's explicit entry — a value it already holds — wins even on a credential-shaped name. The spec's `stdin`, when supplied, is written to the child and closed; with none supplied, fd 0 is `/dev/null` — the exact pre-seam default, so a command that probes stdin's file type is unaffected. Both `env`/`stdin` are set by in-process plugins (the hooks bridges); the model-facing tool doesn't expose them. See [the bash-stdin-env RFC](../../../docs/rfc/implemented/architecture/2026-06-30-bash-stdin-env-trusted-plugin-surface.md).
+- **Background processes** — `start()` returns a live `BashProcess` handle immediately, no timeout applies (Claude Code detaches timeouts when backgrounding), the handle's `readOutput()` is incremental with whole-stream byte offsets, and disposal kills every running process and awaits its exit. Everything task-shaped (ids, ownership, polling, notices) lives in the generic [`ctx.tasks` runtime](../../tasks/tasks/README.md), which the tool layer registers the handle with — this executor never sees a session or a registry.
 
 ## Model Experience
 
-Indirectly, through `dsh-tool-bash`, which renders this executor's bounded stdout/stderr tails, background-task deltas and state, spill-file path, exact `Error: unknown bash task "<taskId>"` and `Error: aborted before spawn: <reason>` failures, and retains each resulting tool message until compaction.
+Indirectly, through `dsh-tool-bash`, which renders this executor's bounded stdout/stderr tails, background-process deltas, spill-file paths, and infrastructure failures.
 
 ## Known Limitations and Deferred Work
 
@@ -38,6 +38,5 @@ Indirectly, through `dsh-tool-bash`, which renders this executor's bounded stdou
 - **POSIX-only** — the `bash` binary, detached process groups, group kills, and SIGTERM→SIGKILL escalation are hardcoded; Windows is unsupported.
 - **The credential scrub is a name heuristic** — `*KEY*`/`*SECRET*`/`*TOKEN*` only; differently-named secrets (e.g. `*PASSWORD*`) pass through, and a whitelist for over-scrubbed vars is noted future work.
 - **Spill files are never deleted** — full-output recovery files (and the private per-process spill dir) accumulate under the OS tmpdir until something external cleans them.
-- **Finished background tasks are never evicted** — they stay in the task map, retaining their in-memory output tails, until executor disposal.
 
 The raw process handling lives in `src/run.ts`; `src/index.ts` is the service wiring.

packages/bash/bash-local/src/index.ts

@@ -1,15 +1,14 @@
 /**
- * Local-subprocess implementation of the bash seam. Each call runs in its own
- * process group, background tasks are tracked, and disposal kills and awaits
- * them. Execution policy belongs in `tools/pre-execute` or a sandboxing
- * executor, not this local process layer.
+ * Local-subprocess implementation of the bash executor seam. Each command runs
+ * as `bash -c` in its own process group; disposal kills and joins live groups.
+ * Execution policy belongs in `tools/pre-execute` or a sandboxing executor.
  * @module @deepseek-ai/dsh-bash-local
  */
 
 import { Context } from 'cordis'
 import z from 'schemastery'
-import { BashExecutor, BashTaskId } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-bash'
-import type { BashExecRequest, BashExecSpec, BashRunResult, BashTask, BashTaskRead, OwnerToken } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-bash'
+import { BashExecutor } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-bash'
+import type { BashExecRequest, BashExecSpec, BashProcess, BashProcessRead, BashRunResult } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-bash'
 import { clampTimeout, deadline, timeoutOf } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-timeout'
 import { DEFAULT_GRACE_MS, runBash } from './run.ts'
 import type { RunInternals, RunningBash } from './run.ts'
@@ -37,20 +36,9 @@ function assertPositiveFinite(name: string, value: number): void {
   }
 }
 
-interface TrackedTask extends BashTask {
-  running: RunningBash
-  /** Whole-stream byte offsets already delivered via {@link LocalBashExecutor.readOutput}. */
-  stdoutOffset: number
-  stderrOffset: number
-  /** Opaque owner token from the {@link BashExecSpec} (the consumer's isolation key). */
-  owner: OwnerToken | undefined
-}
-
 /**
- * Local-subprocess bash executor. Defaults follow the agent-tool survey
- * consensus: 120s default / 600s max timeout (Claude Code, OpenCode), 64KB
- * in-memory output with full-stream spill files (pi, OpenCode),
- * process-group SIGTERM→SIGKILL kills with a 3s grace (OpenCode).
+ * Local bash executor with bounded output, spill files, and process-group
+ * `SIGTERM` to `SIGKILL` escalation.
  */
 export class LocalBashExecutor extends BashExecutor {
   static Config: z<Config> = z.object({
@@ -61,8 +49,8 @@ export class LocalBashExecutor extends BashExecutor {
     graceMs: z.number().default(DEFAULT_GRACE_MS),
   })
 
-  private tasks = new Map<BashTaskId, TrackedTask>()
-  private nextTaskId = 1
+  /** Live processes retained only so disposal can kill and join them. */
+  private live = new Map<BashProcess, RunningBash>()
   /** Test seam: spill knobs forwarded to runBash. */
   internals: RunInternals = {}
 
@@ -71,26 +59,21 @@ export class LocalBashExecutor extends BashExecutor {
 
   constructor(ctx: Context, config: Config) {
     super(ctx)
-    // schemastery (static Config) has already filled the defaulted fields;
-    // the cast records that runtime fact for exactOptionalPropertyTypes.
+    // Schemastery fills these fields before construction; the type does not encode that step.
     this.config = config as ResolvedConfig
     assertPositiveFinite('timeoutMs', this.config.timeoutMs)
     assertPositiveFinite('maxTimeoutMs', this.config.maxTimeoutMs)
     assertPositiveFinite('maxOutputBytes', this.config.maxOutputBytes)
     assertPositiveFinite('graceMs', this.config.graceMs)
     ctx.effect(() => async () => {
-      // Kill every live process group and WAIT for the processes to close so nothing outlives
-      // the fiber (HMR safety) — a TERM-trapping child is held until the SIGKILL escalation
-      // lands.
+      // Await closure so even a TERM-trapping child cannot outlive the fiber.
       const pending: Promise<void>[] = []
-      for (const task of this.tasks.values()) {
-        if (task.status === 'running') {
-          task.status = 'killed'
-          task.running.kill()
-          pending.push(task.done)
-        }
+      for (const [proc, running] of this.live) {
+        proc.status = 'killed'
+        running.kill()
+        pending.push(proc.done)
       }
-      this.tasks.clear()
+      this.live.clear()
       await Promise.all(pending)
     }, 'local bash teardown')
   }
@@ -114,24 +97,16 @@ export class LocalBashExecutor extends BashExecutor {
       workdir: request.workdir ?? this.config.cwd ?? process.cwd(),
       timeoutMs,
       ...request.signal ? { signal: request.signal } : {},
-      // Carry stdin/env through verbatim — optional, no config default (absent
-      // means none). env merges AFTER the scrub in run.ts.
+      // Explicit environment values are merged after credential scrubbing in run.ts.
       ...request.stdin !== undefined ? { stdin: request.stdin } : {},
       ...request.env !== undefined ? { env: request.env } : {},
-      // Carry the owner through verbatim (required-but-nullable on the spec):
-      // the executor never interprets it — the consumer's access policy does.
-      owner: request.owner,
-      // Carry a sandbox-mode override through verbatim: this executor never
-      // confines, so the field is inert here (the seam contract) — a
-      // sandboxing subclass overrides resolve() to stamp its default instead.
+      // Local execution carries this override for sandboxing subclasses.
       sandboxMode: request.sandboxMode,
     }
   }
 
   async run(spec: BashExecSpec): Promise<BashRunResult> {
-    // One fused deadline drives both the timeout and upstream cancellation;
-    // runBash listens on d.signal and runs the SIGTERM→grace→SIGKILL kill.
-    // `using` clears the timer across the awaited process lifetime.
+    // One deadline combines timeout and upstream cancellation; disposal clears its timer.
     using d = deadline(spec.signal, spec.timeoutMs, 'BASH_TIMEOUT')
     const outcome = await runBash({
       command: spec.command,
@@ -142,18 +117,14 @@ export class LocalBashExecutor extends BashExecutor {
       stdin: spec.stdin,
       env: spec.env,
     }, this.internals).done
-    // Classify the FIRST abort reason: a BASH_TIMEOUT TimeoutReason means our timeout cut the
-    // command short; any other abort — an upstream cancel, or a foreign (outer) deadline's
-    // timeout under nesting — is aborted.
+    // Only this executor's timeout reason counts as timedOut; outer deadlines count as aborts.
     const timedOut = timeoutOf(d.signal, 'BASH_TIMEOUT') !== undefined
     const aborted = d.signal.aborted && !timedOut
     return { ...outcome, timedOut, aborted, timeoutMs: spec.timeoutMs }
   }
 
-  start(spec: BashExecSpec): BashTask {
-    // No timeout for background tasks (matches Claude Code, which detaches the timeout when
-    // backgrounding); callers stop tasks via kill() — or via spec.signal, which the seam
-    // contract honors for background runs too (runBash wires it to the group kill).
+  start(spec: BashExecSpec): BashProcess {
+    // Background runs ignore timeoutMs; callers stop them through kill() or spec.signal.
     const running = runBash({
       command: spec.command,
       cwd: spec.workdir,
@@ -164,93 +135,66 @@ export class LocalBashExecutor extends BashExecutor {
       env: spec.env,
     }, this.internals)
 
-    const id = BashTaskId(`bash-${this.nextTaskId++}`)
-    const task: TrackedTask = {
-      id,
+    let stdoutOffset = 0
+    let stderrOffset = 0
+    const proc: BashProcess = {
       status: 'running',
       exitCode: null,
       signal: null,
-      owner: spec.owner,
-      running,
-      stdoutOffset: 0,
-      stderrOffset: 0,
       done: running.done.then((outcome) => {
-        // Abort-killed tasks report as killed, not completed. Background runs
-        // forward only the upstream signal (no timeout), so its aborted state
-        // is the authoritative "was this cancelled" signal.
-        if (task.status === 'running') task.status = spec.signal?.aborted === true ? 'killed' : 'completed'
-        task.exitCode = outcome.exitCode
-        task.signal = outcome.signal
-        this.notifyTaskDone(task)
+        // Any signal termination is killed, including a command signaling itself.
+        if (proc.status === 'running') {
+          proc.status = spec.signal?.aborted === true || outcome.signal !== null ? 'killed' : 'completed'
+        }
+        proc.exitCode = outcome.exitCode
+        proc.signal = outcome.signal
+        this.onProcessDone(proc, running.stderr.readFrom(0).text)
+        this.live.delete(proc)
       }, (error: unknown) => {
-        // Spawn-level failure (bad workdir, …): the task never ran. String()
-        // suffices — runBash only rejects with Error instances.
-        task.status = 'killed'
-        task.running.stderr.push(Buffer.from(`spawn failed: ${String(error)}`))
-        this.notifyTaskDone(task)
+        // Background spawn failures settle as killed and surface through the read path.
+        proc.status = 'killed'
+        running.stderr.push(Buffer.from(`spawn failed: ${String(error)}`))
+        this.onProcessDone(proc, running.stderr.readFrom(0).text)
+        this.live.delete(proc)
       }),
+      readOutput: (): BashProcessRead => {
+        const out = running.stdout.readFrom(stdoutOffset)
+        const err = running.stderr.readFrom(stderrOffset)
+        stdoutOffset = out.nextOffset
+        stderrOffset = err.nextOffset
+
+        // Single newline between sections: stdout chunks usually end with one
+        // already; add it only when missing.
+        const separator = out.text.length > 0 && !out.text.endsWith('\n') ? '\n' : ''
+        const delta = out.text
+          + (err.text.length > 0 ? `${separator}[stderr]\n${err.text}` : '')
+        return {
+          delta,
+          lossy: out.lossy || err.lossy,
+          ...out.spillPath !== undefined ? { stdoutSpillPath: out.spillPath } : {},
+          ...err.spillPath !== undefined ? { stderrSpillPath: err.spillPath } : {},
+        }
+      },
+      kill: (): boolean => {
+        if (proc.status !== 'running') return false
+        proc.status = 'killed'
+        running.kill()
+        return true
+      },
     }
-    this.tasks.set(id, task)
-    return task
-  }
-
-  get(id: BashTaskId): BashTask | undefined {
-    return this.tasks.get(id)
+    this.live.set(proc, running)
+    return proc
   }
 
   /**
-   * Full collected stderr of a tracked task from stream start (bounded by the
-   * in-memory cap; bytes only in the spill file are not re-read). A protected
-   * seam for subclasses that classify a settled task's outcome — reading here
-   * does NOT advance the consumer's {@link readOutput} cursor. An unknown id
-   * (a task already dropped by disposal) reads as empty.
+   * Settlement hook for subclasses that attach execution facts to a process.
+   * Called after exit facts or spawn-failure output are stamped and before
+   * {@link BashProcess.done} resolves. The base implementation is intentionally
+   * empty.
+   * @param _proc - the settled process handle.
+   * @param _stderr - the process's retained stderr tail used by subclasses for settlement classification.
    */
-  protected collectedStderr(id: BashTaskId): string {
-    const task = this.tasks.get(id)
-    return task === undefined ? '' : task.running.stderr.readFrom(0).text
-  }
-
-  ownerOf(id: BashTaskId): OwnerToken | undefined {
-    // Unknown id and known-but-ownerless both read as undefined — the consumer
-    // treats undefined as "open" and a truly unknown id fails at readOutput/kill.
-    return this.tasks.get(id)?.owner
-  }
-
-  list(): BashTask[] {
-    return [...this.tasks.values()]
-  }
-
-  readOutput(id: BashTaskId): BashTaskRead {
-    const task = this.tasks.get(id)
-    if (!task) throw new Error(`unknown bash task "${id}"`)
-
-    const out = task.running.stdout.readFrom(task.stdoutOffset)
-    const err = task.running.stderr.readFrom(task.stderrOffset)
-    task.stdoutOffset = out.nextOffset
-    task.stderrOffset = err.nextOffset
-
-    // Single newline between sections: stdout chunks usually end with one
-    // already; add it only when missing.
-    const separator = out.text.length > 0 && !out.text.endsWith('\n') ? '\n' : ''
-    const delta = out.text
-      + (err.text.length > 0 ? `${separator}[stderr]\n${err.text}` : '')
-    return {
-      task,
-      delta,
-      lossy: out.lossy || err.lossy,
-      ...out.spillPath !== undefined ? { stdoutSpillPath: out.spillPath } : {},
-      ...err.spillPath !== undefined ? { stderrSpillPath: err.spillPath } : {},
-    }
-  }
-
-  kill(id: BashTaskId): boolean {
-    const task = this.tasks.get(id)
-    if (!task) throw new Error(`unknown bash task "${id}"`)
-    if (task.status !== 'running') return false
-    task.status = 'killed'
-    task.running.kill()
-    return true
-  }
+  protected onProcessDone(_proc: BashProcess, _stderr: string): void {}
 }
 
 export default LocalBashExecutor

packages/bash/bash-local/tests/executor.spec.ts

@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
 import { mkdtempSync } from 'node:fs'
 import { tmpdir } from 'node:os'
 import { join } from 'node:path'
-import { describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'
 import { Context } from 'cordis'
 import { LocalBashExecutor } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-bash-local'
-import { BashTaskId } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-bash'
-import type { BashTaskRead } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-bash'
+import type { BashProcess } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-bash'
 
 const spillDir = mkdtempSync(join(tmpdir(), 'dsh-bash-exec-spec-'))
 
@@ -18,36 +17,20 @@ async function setup(config: ConstructorParameters<typeof LocalBashExecutor>[1]
   return { ctx, bash }
 }
 
-/** Poll until a pid no longer exists. */
-async function waitGone(pid: number, timeoutMs = 5_000): Promise<void> {
+/**
+ * Poll a handle's consuming readOutput until the ACCUMULATED delta contains
+ * `expected`; returns the accumulation (reads never re-deliver, so the caller
+ * gets everything produced up to the match).
+ */
+async function readUntil(proc: BashProcess, expected: string, timeoutMs = 5_000): Promise<string> {
   const deadline = Date.now() + timeoutMs
+  let all = ''
   while (Date.now() < deadline) {
-    try {
-      process.kill(pid, 0)
-    } catch {
-      return
-    }
+    all += proc.readOutput().delta
+    if (all.includes(expected)) return all
     await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 20))
   }
-  throw new Error(`pid ${pid} still alive after ${timeoutMs}ms`)
-}
-
-async function readUntil(
-  bash: LocalBashExecutor,
-  id: BashTaskId,
-  expected: string,
-  timeoutMs = 5_000,
-): Promise<BashTaskRead> {
-  const deadline = Date.now() + timeoutMs
-  let last: BashTaskRead | undefined
-  let delta = ''
-  while (Date.now() < deadline) {
-    last = bash.readOutput(id)
-    delta += last.delta
-    if (delta.includes(expected)) return { ...last, delta }
-    await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 20))
-  }
-  throw new Error(`task ${id} output did not include ${JSON.stringify(expected)}; output was ${JSON.stringify(delta)}, last delta was ${JSON.stringify(last?.delta ?? '')}`)
+  throw new Error(`process output did not include ${JSON.stringify(expected)}; accumulated ${JSON.stringify(all)}`)
 }
 
 describe('LocalBashExecutor.run', () => {
@@ -90,15 +73,6 @@ describe('LocalBashExecutor.run', () => {
     expect(() => bash.resolve({ command: 'true', timeoutMs: -1 })).toThrow(/request\.timeoutMs/)
   })
 
-  it('kill escalation uses the configured graceMs (a TERM-trapping task dies by SIGKILL)', async () => {
-    const { bash } = await setup() // setup pins graceMs: 200 via config
-    const task = bash.start(bash.resolve({ command: 'trap \'\' TERM; echo ready; while :; do sleep 60 & wait $!; done' }))
-    await readUntil(bash, task.id, 'ready\n')
-    bash.kill(task.id)
-    await task.done
-    expect(task.signal).toBe('SIGKILL')
-  })
-
   it('per-call timeout takes precedence under the cap and kills on expiry', async () => {
     const { bash } = await setup({ timeoutMs: 60_000 })
     const result = await bash.run(bash.resolve({ command: 'sleep 60', timeoutMs: 100 }))
@@ -154,229 +128,183 @@ describe('LocalBashExecutor.run', () => {
   })
 })
 
-describe('LocalBashExecutor background tasks', () => {
-  it('start returns immediately with a registered running task', async () => {
+describe('LocalBashExecutor.start (background process handles)', () => {
+  it('start returns immediately with a running handle that settles as completed', async () => {
     const { bash } = await setup()
     const before = Date.now()
-    const task = bash.start(bash.resolve({ command: 'sleep 0.2; echo done' }))
+    const proc = bash.start(bash.resolve({ command: 'sleep 0.2; echo done' }))
     expect(Date.now() - before).toBeLessThan(150)
-    expect(task.status).toBe('running')
-    expect(bash.get(task.id)).toBe(task)
-    expect(bash.list()).toContain(task)
-    await task.done
-    expect(task.status).toBe('completed')
-    expect(task.exitCode).toBe(0)
+    expect(proc.status).toBe('running')
+    await proc.done
+    expect(proc.status).toBe('completed')
+    expect(proc.exitCode).toBe(0)
   })
 
-  it('assigns sequential ids', async () => {
+  it('threads stdin and extra env into a background process', async () => {
     const { bash } = await setup()
-    const first = bash.start(bash.resolve({ command: 'true' }))
-    const second = bash.start(bash.resolve({ command: 'true' }))
-    expect(first.id).toBe('bash-1')
-    expect(second.id).toBe('bash-2')
-    await Promise.all([first.done, second.done])
-  })
-
-  it('threads stdin and extra env into a background task', async () => {
-    const { bash } = await setup()
-    const task = bash.start(bash.resolve({
+    const proc = bash.start(bash.resolve({
       command: 'cat; echo "[$DSH_BG_VAR]"',
       stdin: 'bg-stdin\n',
       env: { DSH_BG_VAR: 'bg-env' },
     }))
-    const read = await readUntil(bash, task.id, '[bg-env]')
-    expect(read.delta).toContain('bg-stdin')
-    await task.done
-    expect(task.exitCode).toBe(0)
+    const output = await readUntil(proc, '[bg-env]')
+    expect(output).toContain('bg-stdin')
+    await proc.done
+    expect(proc.exitCode).toBe(0)
   })
 
-  it('readOutput returns increments without re-delivery', async () => {
+  it('readOutput is consuming: increments are never re-delivered, and reads stay valid after exit', async () => {
     const { bash } = await setup()
-    const task = bash.start(bash.resolve({ command: 'echo first; sleep 1; echo second' }))
-    const first = await readUntil(bash, task.id, 'first\n')
-    expect(first.delta).toBe('first\n')
-    expect(first.lossy).toBe(false)
-    await task.done
-    const second = bash.readOutput(task.id)
+    const proc = bash.start(bash.resolve({ command: 'echo first; sleep 1; echo second' }))
+    const first = await readUntil(proc, 'first\n')
+    expect(first).toBe('first\n')
+    await proc.done
+    // Read-after-exit returns the remaining buffered output — once.
+    const second = proc.readOutput()
     expect(second.delta).toBe('second\n')
-    const third = bash.readOutput(task.id)
-    expect(third.delta).toBe('')
+    expect(second.lossy).toBe(false)
+    expect(proc.readOutput().delta).toBe('')
   })
 
   it('readOutput marks stderr sections', async () => {
     const { bash } = await setup()
-    const task = bash.start(bash.resolve({ command: 'echo out; echo err >&2' }))
-    await task.done
-    const read = bash.readOutput(task.id)
-    expect(read.delta).toBe('out\n[stderr]\nerr\n')
+    const proc = bash.start(bash.resolve({ command: 'echo out; echo err >&2' }))
+    await proc.done
+    expect(proc.readOutput().delta).toBe('out\n[stderr]\nerr\n')
   })
 
   it('readOutput reports stderr-only deltas without a leading newline', async () => {
     const { bash } = await setup()
-    const task = bash.start(bash.resolve({ command: 'echo err >&2' }))
-    await task.done
-    expect(bash.readOutput(task.id).delta).toBe('[stderr]\nerr\n')
+    const proc = bash.start(bash.resolve({ command: 'echo err >&2' }))
+    await proc.done
+    expect(proc.readOutput().delta).toBe('[stderr]\nerr\n')
+  })
+
+  it('readOutput adds a separator only when stdout lacks a trailing newline', async () => {
+    const { bash } = await setup()
+    const proc = bash.start(bash.resolve({ command: 'printf out; echo err >&2' }))
+    await proc.done
+    expect(proc.readOutput().delta).toBe('out\n[stderr]\nerr\n')
   })
 
-  it('readOutput flags lossy reads and reports spill paths', async () => {
+  it('readOutput flags lossy reads and reports stdout spill paths', async () => {
     const { bash } = await setup({ maxOutputBytes: 100 })
-    const task = bash.start(bash.resolve({ command: 'for i in $(seq 1 100); do printf "line-%04d\\n" $i; done' }))
-    await task.done
-    const read = bash.readOutput(task.id)
+    const proc = bash.start(bash.resolve({ command: 'for i in $(seq 1 100); do printf "line-%04d\\n" $i; done' }))
+    await proc.done
+    const read = proc.readOutput()
     // Window slid past offset 0 → lossy, spill path points at the full stream.
     expect(read.lossy).toBe(true)
     expect(read.stdoutSpillPath).toBeDefined()
   })
 
-  it('readOutput throws for unknown ids', async () => {
-    const { bash } = await setup()
-    expect(() => bash.readOutput(BashTaskId('nope'))).toThrow(/unknown bash task "nope"/)
-  })
-
-  it('kill terminates the process group and reports status killed', async () => {
-    const { bash } = await setup()
-    const task = bash.start(bash.resolve({ command: 'sleep 60' }))
-    expect(bash.kill(task.id)).toBe(true)
-    await task.done
-    expect(task.status).toBe('killed')
-    expect(task.signal).toBe('SIGTERM')
+  it('readOutput reports stderr spill paths', async () => {
+    const { bash } = await setup({ maxOutputBytes: 100 })
+    const proc = bash.start(bash.resolve({ command: 'for i in $(seq 1 100); do printf "line-%04d\\n" $i >&2; done' }))
+    await proc.done
+    const read = proc.readOutput()
+    expect(read.lossy).toBe(true)
+    expect(read.stderrSpillPath).toBeDefined()
+    expect(read.delta).toContain('[stderr]')
   })
 
-  it('kill returns false for finished tasks and throws for unknown ids', async () => {
+  it('kill() terminates the process group: true once, false after settlement', async () => {
     const { bash } = await setup()
-    const task = bash.start(bash.resolve({ command: 'true' }))
-    await task.done
-    expect(bash.kill(task.id)).toBe(false)
-    expect(() => bash.kill(BashTaskId('nope'))).toThrow(/unknown bash task "nope"/)
+    const proc = bash.start(bash.resolve({ command: 'sleep 60' }))
+    expect(proc.kill()).toBe(true)
+    await proc.done
+    expect(proc.status).toBe('killed')
+    expect(proc.signal).toBe('SIGTERM')
+    expect(proc.kill()).toBe(false)
   })
 
-  it('notifies onTaskDone listeners on completion', async () => {
+  it('kill() returns false for a naturally completed process', async () => {
     const { bash } = await setup()
-    const seen: [string, string][] = []
-    bash.onTaskDone(task => void seen.push([task.id, task.status]))
-    const task = bash.start(bash.resolve({ command: 'true' }))
-    await task.done
-    expect(seen).toEqual([[task.id, 'completed']])
+    const proc = bash.start(bash.resolve({ command: 'true' }))
+    await proc.done
+    expect(proc.status).toBe('completed')
+    expect(proc.kill()).toBe(false)
   })
 
-  it('notifies onTaskDone for killed tasks too', async () => {
+  it('kill escalation uses the configured graceMs (a TERM-trapping process dies by SIGKILL)', async () => {
+    const { bash } = await setup() // setup pins graceMs: 200 via config
+    // The child echoes AFTER arming the trap, so waiting for the marker
+    // guarantees SIGTERM is already ignored when the kill lands (a fixed sleep
+    // is load-flaky: a slow spawn would take the SIGTERM before the trap).
+    const proc = bash.start(bash.resolve({ command: 'trap \'\' TERM; echo armed; sleep 60' }))
+    await readUntil(proc, 'armed')
+    proc.kill()
+    await proc.done
+    expect(proc.status).toBe('killed')
+    expect(proc.signal).toBe('SIGKILL')
+  })
+
+  it('a spec.signal abort settles the handle as killed, not completed', async () => {
     const { bash } = await setup()
-    const listener = vi.fn()
-    bash.onTaskDone(listener)
-    const task = bash.start(bash.resolve({ command: 'sleep 60' }))
-    bash.kill(task.id)
-    await task.done
-    expect(listener).toHaveBeenCalledWith(task)
-    expect(task.status).toBe('killed')
+    const controller = new AbortController()
+    const proc = bash.start(bash.resolve({ command: 'sleep 60', signal: controller.signal }))
+    controller.abort()
+    await proc.done
+    expect(proc.status).toBe('killed')
+    expect(proc.signal).toBe('SIGTERM')
   })
 
-  it('marks tasks killed when the background spawn itself fails', async () => {
+  it('a self-signal exit settles the handle as killed, not completed', async () => {
     const { bash } = await setup()
-    const listener = vi.fn()
-    bash.onTaskDone(listener)
-    const task = bash.start(bash.resolve({ command: 'true', workdir: '/nonexistent-dsh' }))
-    await task.done
-    expect(task.status).toBe('killed')
-    expect(listener).toHaveBeenCalledWith(task)
-    expect(bash.readOutput(task.id).delta).toContain('spawn failed')
+    const proc = bash.start(bash.resolve({ command: 'kill -TERM $$' }))
+    await proc.done
+    expect(proc.status).toBe('killed')
+    expect(proc.exitCode).toBeNull()
+    expect(proc.signal).toBe('SIGTERM')
   })
 
-  it('readOutput adds a separator only when stdout lacks a trailing newline', async () => {
+  it('a background spawn failure settles as killed with the error readable on stderr', async () => {
     const { bash } = await setup()
-    const task = bash.start(bash.resolve({ command: 'printf out; echo err >&2' }))
-    await task.done
-    expect(bash.readOutput(task.id).delta).toBe('out\n[stderr]\nerr\n')
-  })
-
-  it('readOutput reports stderr spill paths', async () => {
-    const { bash } = await setup({ maxOutputBytes: 100 })
-    const task = bash.start(bash.resolve({ command: 'for i in $(seq 1 100); do printf "line-%04d\\n" $i >&2; done' }))
-    await task.done
-    const read = bash.readOutput(task.id)
-    expect(read.lossy).toBe(true)
-    expect(read.stderrSpillPath).toBeDefined()
-    expect(read.delta).toContain('[stderr]')
-  })
-
-  it('disposing with already-finished tasks only kills the running ones', async () => {
-    const ctx = new Context()
-    const fiber = await ctx.plugin(LocalBashExecutor, { graceMs: 200 })
-    const bash = ctx.bash as LocalBashExecutor
-    bash.internals = { spillDir }
-
-    const finished = bash.start(bash.resolve({ command: 'true' }))
-    await finished.done
-    const running = bash.start(bash.resolve({ command: 'sleep 60' }))
-
-    await fiber.dispose()
-    await running.done
-    expect(finished.status).toBe('completed')
-    expect(running.signal).toBe('SIGTERM')
-    expect(bash.list()).toEqual([])
+    const proc = bash.start(bash.resolve({ command: 'true', workdir: '/nonexistent-dsh' }))
+    // done resolves (never rejects) even though the process never ran.
+    await expect(proc.done).resolves.toBeUndefined()
+    expect(proc.status).toBe('killed')
+    expect(proc.readOutput().delta).toContain('spawn failed:')
   })
+})
 
-  it('disposing the executor fiber kills running tasks (no orphans)', async () => {
+describe('LocalBashExecutor disposal', () => {
+  it('disposing the fiber kills running processes and AWAITS their exit (no orphans, SIGKILL escalation included)', async () => {
     const ctx = new Context()
     const fiber = await ctx.plugin(LocalBashExecutor, { graceMs: 200 })
     const bash = ctx.bash as LocalBashExecutor
     bash.internals = { spillDir }
-    const listener = vi.fn()
-    bash.onTaskDone(listener)
 
-    const task = bash.start(bash.resolve({ command: 'sleep 60' }))
-    const running = bash.get(task.id)!
-    await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 50))
+    // The child prints its own pid ($$ = the detached bash group leader) so
+    // the test can probe liveness through the public read surface alone.
+    const proc = bash.start(bash.resolve({ command: 'trap \'\' TERM; echo $$; sleep 60' }))
+    const pid = Number((await readUntil(proc, '\n')).trim())
+    expect(Number.isInteger(pid) && pid > 0).toBe(true)
 
-    // Grab the pid before dispose clears the registry.
-    const pid = (running as unknown as { running: { pid: number } }).running.pid
     await fiber.dispose()
-    await waitGone(pid)
-    expect(bash.list()).toEqual([])
-    // Listener silenced by base-class teardown — no late notifications.
-    expect(listener).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
-  })
-})
-
-describe('executor cancellation, callback, and disposal contracts', () => {
-  it('start honors a pre-aborted or later-aborted AbortSignal', async () => {
-    const { bash } = await setup()
-    const controller = new AbortController()
-    const task = bash.start(bash.resolve({ command: 'sleep 60', signal: controller.signal }))
-    controller.abort()
-    await task.done
-    expect(task.status).toBe('killed')
-    expect(task.signal).toBe('SIGTERM')
-  })
-
-  it('a throwing onTaskDone listener does not reject task.done or starve later listeners', async () => {
-    const { bash } = await setup()
-    const errorSpy = vi.spyOn(console, 'error').mockImplementation(() => undefined)
-    const second = vi.fn()
-    try {
-      bash.onTaskDone(() => { throw new Error('listener bug') })
-      bash.onTaskDone(second)
-      const task = bash.start(bash.resolve({ command: 'true' }))
-      await expect(task.done).resolves.toBeUndefined()
-      expect(second).toHaveBeenCalledWith(task)
-      expect(errorSpy).toHaveBeenCalled()
-    } finally {
-      errorSpy.mockRestore()
-    }
+    // Disposal itself waited: the pid must already be gone, no grace left —
+    // even for a TERM-trapping child held until the SIGKILL escalation landed.
+    expect(() => process.kill(pid, 0)).toThrow()
+    expect(proc.status).toBe('killed')
+    await proc.done
   })
 
-  it('dispose AWAITS a TERM-trapping process (SIGKILL escalation included)', async () => {
+  it('settled processes already left the live map: dispose does not touch them', async () => {
     const ctx = new Context()
     const fiber = await ctx.plugin(LocalBashExecutor, { graceMs: 200 })
     const bash = ctx.bash as LocalBashExecutor
     bash.internals = { spillDir }
 
-    const task = bash.start(bash.resolve({ command: 'trap \'\' TERM; sleep 60' }))
-    await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 100))
-    const pid = (task as unknown as { running: { pid: number } }).running.pid
+    const finished = bash.start(bash.resolve({ command: 'echo done' }))
+    await finished.done
+    expect(finished.status).toBe('completed')
+    const running = bash.start(bash.resolve({ command: 'sleep 60' }))
 
     await fiber.dispose()
-    // Disposal itself waited: the pid must already be gone, no grace left.
-    expect(() => process.kill(pid, 0)).toThrow()
-    expect(task.status).toBe('killed')
+    // The teardown marks every LIVE entry killed; a settled process had
+    // already left the map, so its status stays completed.
+    expect(finished.status).toBe('completed')
+    expect(running.status).toBe('killed')
+    await running.done
+    expect(running.signal).toBe('SIGTERM')
   })
 })

packages/bash/bash-sandbox/README.md

@@ -2,21 +2,23 @@
 
 Sandbox-consuming implementation of the [`@deepseek-ai/dsh-bash`](../bash/) executor seam. Load it **instead of** `@deepseek-ai/dsh-bash-local`, together with a [`ctx.sandbox`](../../sandbox/sandbox/) provider (e.g. [`@deepseek-ai/dsh-sandbox-local`](../../sandbox/sandbox-local/)) — no alternate tool plugin is needed; `dsh-tool-bash` detects the executor's `sandboxMode` capability and adds the escalation fields.
 
+The package root exports the default and named `SandboxBashExecutor` plugin plus its `Config`; quoting and result-classification helpers stay internal.
+
 Every command is confined by handing the provider the exact `['bash', '-c', command]` argv this executor is about to spawn and spawning the returned (wrapped) argv instead. WHICH platform runner confines it — and whether one is usable at all (fail closed with a structured `SANDBOX_UNAVAILABLE` error, never a silent unconfined run) — is the provider's concern; this package owns the bash side only.
 
 | Mode | File effects |
 |---|---|
 | `read-only` (default) | No writes anywhere (of `/dev`, only the `/dev/null` node is writable, so `>/dev/null` keeps working) |
 | `workspace-write` | Writes only under `workspaceRoot` + `/tmp` (ephemeral under bwrap, the host `/tmp` under Landlock, `/private/tmp` plus the per-user temp dir under Seatbelt) |
-| `danger-full-access` | No confinement; the provider is never consulted. Execution is `dsh-bash-local`'s verbatim — foreground results still carry `sandbox: { mode, denied: false }` (no `enforcement`: nothing was confined), background tasks carry no sandbox facts |
+| `danger-full-access` | No confinement; the provider is never consulted. Foreground results carry `sandbox: { mode, denied: false }`; background process handles carry no sandbox facts. |
 
 Semantics:
 
 - **Denials are result facts.** A failed run whose stderr carries the selected backend's own denial dialect — the signatures the provider stamps on every wrap (EROFS text under bwrap, EACCES under Landlock, EPERM under Seatbelt) — is reported as `BashRunResult.sandbox.denied: true` (conservative classification, read from the collected stderr tail); every CONFINED run also carries the mode it executed under (`result.sandbox.mode`) and the provider's enforcement completeness (`result.sandbox.enforcement`: `full`, or `partial` on an older Landlock ABI).
-- **Runner failures are sandbox failures, never task failures.** A failed run matching the wrap's `runnerFailureSignatures` (the runner's own error prefix — also what the shell prints for a missing runner) means the sandbox itself broke and the command NEVER RAN; the check outranks denial classification because a runner's error text can contain denial words. The foreground path re-throws it as the structured fail-closed `SANDBOX_UNAVAILABLE` error, with the runner's first stderr line as the cause; a settled background task stamps `task.sandbox.runnerFailed` instead (no error channel remains after settle), which `bash_output` renders as its own marker.
-- **Config default, per-call override.** `resolve()` stamps the configured sandbox mode onto each spec unless an approved request supplies a wider mode. That override affects only its call or background task. `ctx.bash.sandboxMode` reports the default so the tool advertises escalation only when supported; results report the effective mode. The model learns standing mode only from tool/result facts, not a system-prompt announcement.
+- **Runner failures are sandbox failures, never command failures.** Foreground execution throws `SANDBOX_UNAVAILABLE`; a settled background process stamps `process.sandbox.runnerFailed`, which the bash producer renders through generic `task_output`. Spawn failures also pass through settlement, so confined background handles retain their mode/enforcement facts and release per-process accounting.
+- **Config-time default, per-call policy.** The DEFAULT mode is fixed by this entry's config for the executor's lifetime; `resolve()` stamps it onto every spec, and an explicit request-level `sandboxMode` override — set by the tool layer only for a call whose wider mode a human granted through `ctx.approval` ([the sandbox RFC § Escalation](../../../docs/rfc/implemented/feature/2026-07-06-sandbox.md)) — makes THAT call run, classify, and report under its own mode while every neighbor keeps the default (background facts are stamped per task at settle). The capability fact `ctx.bash.sandboxMode` reports the configured default so the tool layer advertises escalation only when this executor is mounted. The model learns of the sandbox only through result facts — the static bash tool description explains the denial marker; there is no current-mode statement in the system prompt.
 - **File effects only.** Network and process visibility are deliberately not restricted — the mode vocabulary does not pretend to cover what the backend does not enforce.
-- Process mechanics (spawn, process-group kills, output collection/spill, background tasks, credential scrub) are inherited verbatim from [`dsh-bash-local`](../bash-local/); the runner ladder, probes, and the per-platform Landlock launcher packages live with [`dsh-sandbox-local`](../../sandbox/sandbox-local/).
+- Process mechanics (spawn, process-group kills, output collection/spill, background handles, credential scrub) are inherited from [`dsh-bash-local`](../bash-local/); runner selection lives in [`dsh-sandbox-local`](../../sandbox/sandbox-local/).
 
 Deny-only at the seam: a denial is a reported fact, and this executor never negotiates permissions itself — the approval question lives in the tool layer (`dsh-tool-bash`), which drives the override this package honors.
 
@@ -56,5 +58,5 @@ The keyless consumer-integration proofs are `tests/bwrap.e2e.ts`, `tests/landloc
 
 - **Confinement covers file effects only** — network access and process visibility are unchanged, so the modes are not a general-purpose security sandbox.
 - **Denials are inferred from failed-command stderr** — backend signatures make the inference portable, but a matching application error can be classified as a denial and a denial omitted from the retained tail can be missed.
-- **A background runner failure has no immediate error channel** — it is recorded on the settled task and surfaces when the caller polls with `bash_output`.
+- **A background runner failure has no immediate error channel** — it is recorded on the settled process and surfaces when the caller reads the generic task with `task_output`.
 - **`danger-full-access` deliberately bypasses `ctx.sandbox`** — it is an explicit unconfined mode, not a wider sandbox profile.

packages/bash/bash-sandbox/src/helpers.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+/**
+ * Internal shell-quoting and sandbox-result classification helpers.
+ *
+ * @module @deepseek-ai/dsh-bash-sandbox/helpers
+ */
+
+import type { BashRunResult } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-bash'
+
+/**
+ * Quote one string as a single-quoted POSIX shell word.
+ * @param text - raw argv element to preserve through the outer shell parse.
+ * @returns the quoted shell word.
+ */
+export function shellQuote(text: string): string {
+  return `'${text.replaceAll("'", String.raw`'\''`)}'`
+}
+
+/**
+ * Classify a failed run against the selected backend's denial dialect.
+ * @param result - settled foreground run.
+ * @param signatures - case-insensitive denial substrings from the active wrap.
+ * @returns whether the failed run matches that denial dialect.
+ */
+export function classifyDenial(result: BashRunResult, signatures: readonly string[]): boolean {
+  return matchesSignature(result.exitCode, result.stderr.text, signatures)
+}
+
+/**
+ * Classify a failed run against the selected backend's runner-failure dialect.
+ * @param result - settled foreground run.
+ * @param signatures - case-insensitive runner-failure substrings from the active wrap.
+ * @returns whether the failed run matches that runner-failure dialect.
+ */
+export function classifyRunnerFailure(result: BashRunResult, signatures: readonly string[]): boolean {
+  return matchesSignature(result.exitCode, result.stderr.text, signatures)
+}
+
+/**
+ * Match a non-zero exit against case-insensitive stderr signatures.
+ * @param exitCode - process exit code; null means signal termination.
+ * @param stderr - collected stderr text.
+ * @param signatures - substrings identifying the selected backend's dialect.
+ * @returns whether this is a non-zero exit whose stderr matches a signature.
+ */
+export function matchesSignature(exitCode: number | null, stderr: string, signatures: readonly string[]): boolean {
+  if (exitCode === null || exitCode === 0) return false
+  const lowered = stderr.toLowerCase()
+  return signatures.some(signature => lowered.includes(signature.toLowerCase()))
+}

packages/bash/bash-sandbox/src/index.ts

@@ -3,17 +3,18 @@
  * `ctx.sandbox`, inherits local process mechanics, and reports the selected
  * mode, enforcement, and denial facts. Runner failure means the command never
  * ran: foreground calls throw `SANDBOX_UNAVAILABLE`, while settled background
- * tasks carry `runnerFailed`. The tool owns approval and passes per-call modes.
+ * processes carry `runnerFailed`. The tool owns approval and passes per-call modes.
  * @module @deepseek-ai/dsh-bash-sandbox
  */
 
 import { Context } from 'cordis'
-import type { BashExecRequest, BashExecSpec, BashRunResult, BashTask, BashTaskId } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-bash'
+import type { BashExecRequest, BashExecSpec, BashProcess, BashRunResult } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-bash'
 import { SandboxUnavailableError } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-sandbox'
 import type { ConfinedSandboxMode, SandboxEnforcement, SandboxMode } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-sandbox'
 import type {} from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-sandbox-policy'
 import { LocalBashExecutor } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-bash-local'
 import type { Config as LocalConfig } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-bash-local'
+import { classifyDenial, classifyRunnerFailure, matchesSignature, shellQuote } from './helpers.ts'
 
 /**
  * Plugin config: the local executor's knobs, verbatim. The sandbox policy —
@@ -25,62 +26,13 @@ import type { Config as LocalConfig } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-bash-local'
  */
 export type Config = LocalConfig
 
-/**
- * Quote one string as a single-quoted POSIX shell word (embedded single
- * quotes become `'\''`), so a wrapped argv element survives the outer
- * `bash -c` re-parse byte-for-byte.
- * @param text - the raw argv element to quote.
- * @returns the single-quoted shell word.
- */
-export function shellQuote(text: string): string {
-  return `'${text.replaceAll("'", String.raw`'\''`)}'`
-}
-
-/**
- * Conservatively classify a nonzero, non-signal run using only the selected
- * backend's denial signatures. Text inference may miss a denial or match
- * unrelated stderr in that dialect; it never uses another backend's terms.
- * @param result - the settled foreground run to classify.
- * @param signatures - the active wrap's denial dialect, case-insensitive stderr substrings.
- * @returns whether the run's failure reads as a sandbox denial.
- */
-export function classifyDenial(result: BashRunResult, signatures: readonly string[]): boolean {
-  return matchesSignature(result.exitCode, result.stderr.text, signatures)
-}
-
-/**
- * Classify a nonzero run using the selected backend's runner-failure
- * signatures. Callers check this before denial because runner diagnostics may
- * contain denial words; the command did not run.
- * @param result - the settled foreground run to classify.
- * @param signatures - the active wrap's runner-failure signatures,
- *   case-insensitive stderr substrings.
- * @returns whether the run's failure reads as the runner itself failing.
- */
-export function classifyRunnerFailure(result: BashRunResult, signatures: readonly string[]): boolean {
-  return matchesSignature(result.exitCode, result.stderr.text, signatures)
-}
-
-/**
- * The classifier core shared by foreground results and settled background
- * tasks: failed AND signature present. Lowercases BOTH sides — the seam
- * declares its signatures case-insensitive, and producers compose them from
- * runtime data of any case (an `argv0` path, `No such file or directory`).
- */
-function matchesSignature(exitCode: number | null, stderr: string, signatures: readonly string[]): boolean {
-  if (exitCode === null || exitCode === 0) return false
-  const lowered = stderr.toLowerCase()
-  return signatures.some(signature => lowered.includes(signature.toLowerCase()))
-}
-
 /**
  * Registers as `ctx.bash` in place of the local executor and requires a
  * `ctx.sandbox` provider plus `ctx.sandboxPolicy`; the tool layer is
- * unchanged. The policy default (mode + workspace root, from
- * `ctx.sandboxPolicy`) is the fallback, while a session override or approved
- * one-shot escalation may select each call's mode. The prompt does not state
- * the standing mode; `result.sandbox` reports the mode and enforcement
- * actually used.
+ * unchanged. The policy default (mode + workspace root) is the fallback,
+ * while a session override or approved one-shot escalation may select each
+ * call's mode. The prompt does not state the standing mode; `result.sandbox`
+ * reports the mode and enforcement actually used.
  */
 export class SandboxBashExecutor extends LocalBashExecutor {
   static inject = ['sandbox', 'sandboxPolicy']
@@ -92,11 +44,12 @@ export class SandboxBashExecutor extends LocalBashExecutor {
   private readonly mode: SandboxMode
   private readonly workspaceRoot: string
   /**
-   * Per-task mode and wrap facts retained until settlement. Overlapping tasks
-   * may use different modes or provider facts, so one latest-wrap field would
-   * misclassify earlier completions.
+   * Per-process confinement facts retained until settlement. Providers may
+   * vary enforcement and diagnostic dialect between overlapping calls, so a
+   * shared latest-wrap value would classify a process against the wrong facts.
+   * Unconfined processes have no entry.
    */
-  private readonly taskFacts = new Map<BashTaskId, {
+  private readonly processFacts = new Map<BashProcess, {
     mode: ConfinedSandboxMode
     enforcement: SandboxEnforcement
     denialSignatures: readonly string[]
@@ -145,39 +98,36 @@ export class SandboxBashExecutor extends LocalBashExecutor {
     return { ...result, sandbox: { mode, denied: classifyDenial(result, confined.denialSignatures), enforcement: confined.enforcement } }
   }
 
-  override start(spec: BashExecSpec): BashTask {
+  override start(spec: BashExecSpec): BashProcess {
     // Same stamped-by-resolve invariant as run().
     const mode = spec.sandboxMode as SandboxMode
     if (mode === 'danger-full-access') return super.start(spec)
-    // Classification needs settled stderr. Store facts synchronously after
-    // spawn, before the earliest process completion can be observed.
+    // Install facts synchronously; promise settlement cannot run before start() returns.
     const confined = this.confine(spec.command, mode)
-    const task = super.start({ ...spec, command: confined.command })
+    const proc = super.start({ ...spec, command: confined.command })
     const { enforcement, denialSignatures, runnerFailureSignatures } = confined
-    this.taskFacts.set(task.id, { mode, enforcement, denialSignatures, runnerFailureSignatures })
-    return task
+    this.processFacts.set(proc, { mode, enforcement, denialSignatures, runnerFailureSignatures })
+    return proc
   }
 
   /**
-   * Stamp per-task sandbox facts before completion listeners and `done` settle.
-   * Full-access tasks have no facts; signal deaths are not denials.
+   * Stamp per-process sandbox facts before `done` settles. Full-access processes
+   * have no facts; signal deaths are not denials.
    */
-  protected override notifyTaskDone(task: BashTask): void {
-    const facts = this.taskFacts.get(task.id)
+  protected override onProcessDone(proc: BashProcess, stderr: string): void {
+    const facts = this.processFacts.get(proc)
     if (facts !== undefined) {
-      this.taskFacts.delete(task.id)
-      const stderr = this.collectedStderr(task.id)
-      // Runner failure outranks denial. Background settlement has no throw
-      // channel, so this fact is its counterpart to the foreground exception.
-      const runnerFailed = matchesSignature(task.exitCode, stderr, facts.runnerFailureSignatures)
-      task.sandbox = {
+      this.processFacts.delete(proc)
+      // Runner failure outranks denial because its diagnostics may contain denial terms.
+      const runnerFailed = matchesSignature(proc.exitCode, stderr, facts.runnerFailureSignatures)
+      proc.sandbox = {
         mode: facts.mode,
-        denied: !runnerFailed && matchesSignature(task.exitCode, stderr, facts.denialSignatures),
+        denied: !runnerFailed && matchesSignature(proc.exitCode, stderr, facts.denialSignatures),
         enforcement: facts.enforcement,
         ...(runnerFailed ? { runnerFailed } : {}),
       }
     }
-    super.notifyTaskDone(task)
+    super.onProcessDone(proc, stderr)
   }
 
   /**

packages/bash/bash-sandbox/tests/bwrap.e2e.ts

@@ -5,8 +5,9 @@ import { homedir } from 'node:os'
 import { join } from 'node:path'
 import { afterEach, describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'
 import { Context } from 'cordis'
-import { bwrapProfileArgs, LocalSandboxProvider } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-sandbox-local'
+import { LocalSandboxProvider } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-sandbox-local'
 import { SandboxPolicyService } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-sandbox-policy'
+import { bwrapProfileArgs } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-sandbox-local/src/profiles.ts'
 import { SandboxBashExecutor } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-bash-sandbox'
 
 /**

packages/bash/bash-sandbox/tests/sandbox.spec.ts

@@ -14,7 +14,8 @@ import type { BashRunResult, CollectedOutput } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-bash'
 import { SANDBOX_UNAVAILABLE, SandboxProvider, SandboxUnavailableError } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-sandbox'
 import type { ConfinedArgv, SandboxMode, SandboxPolicy } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-sandbox'
 import { SandboxPolicyService } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-sandbox-policy'
-import { classifyDenial, classifyRunnerFailure, SandboxBashExecutor, shellQuote } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-bash-sandbox'
+import { SandboxBashExecutor } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-bash-sandbox'
+import { classifyDenial, classifyRunnerFailure, shellQuote } from '../src/helpers.ts'
 import type { Config } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-bash-sandbox'
 
 const spillDir = mkdtempSync(join(tmpdir(), 'dsh-bash-sandbox-spec-'))
@@ -37,9 +38,7 @@ const passthrough = (argv: readonly string[]): ConfinedArgv =>
 
 /**
  * Boot a context with a recording fake `ctx.sandbox` (behavior injectable
- * per test), the shared `ctx.sandboxPolicy` (mode + workspaceRoot), and the
- * executor under test on top of them. `mode`/`workspaceRoot` route to the
- * policy service; the rest (cwd, graceMs, timeoutMs) to the executor.
+ * per test) and the executor under test on top of it.
  */
 async function setup(
   config: { mode?: SandboxMode; workspaceRoot?: string } & Config = {},
@@ -143,7 +142,7 @@ describe('danger-full-access', () => {
     const task = bash.start(bash.resolve({ command: 'echo free-bg' }))
     await task.done
     expect(task.sandbox).toBeUndefined()
-    expect(bash.readOutput(task.id).delta).toContain('free-bg')
+    expect(task.readOutput().delta).toContain('free-bg')
     expect(calls).toHaveLength(0)
   })
 })
@@ -195,7 +194,7 @@ describe('per-call sandboxMode override (the escalation mechanism)', () => {
     const task = bash.start(bash.resolve({ command: 'echo bg-free', sandboxMode: 'danger-full-access' }))
     await task.done
     expect(task.sandbox).toBeUndefined()
-    expect(bash.readOutput(task.id).delta).toContain('bg-free')
+    expect(task.readOutput().delta).toContain('bg-free')
     expect(calls).toHaveLength(0)
   })
 })
@@ -254,6 +253,20 @@ describe('result facts', () => {
 })
 
 describe('background sandbox facts', () => {
+  it('stamps facts and releases accounting when background spawn fails', async () => {
+    const { bash } = await setup()
+    const missingWorkdir = join(mkdtempSync(join(tmpdir(), 'dsh-sandbox-missing-cwd-')), 'missing')
+    const task = bash.start(bash.resolve({ command: 'true', workdir: missingWorkdir }))
+
+    await task.done
+
+    expect(task.status).toBe('killed')
+    expect(task.readOutput().delta).toContain('spawn failed:')
+    expect(task.sandbox).toEqual({ mode: 'read-only', denied: false, enforcement: 'full' })
+    const accounting = (bash as unknown as { processFacts: Map<unknown, unknown> }).processFacts
+    expect(accounting.size).toBe(0)
+  })
+
   it('stamps a settled denial: nonzero exit + permission stderr under a confined mode', async () => {
     const { bash } = await setup()
     const task = bash.start(bash.resolve({ command: 'echo "x: Permission denied" >&2; exit 1' }))
@@ -284,15 +297,6 @@ describe('background sandbox facts', () => {
     expect(task.sandbox).toEqual({ mode: 'read-only', denied: false, enforcement: 'full', runnerFailed: true })
   })
 
-  it('completion listeners already see the stamped facts (stamp precedes notify)', async () => {
-    const { ctx, bash } = await setup({}, argv => ({ argv: [...argv], enforcement: 'partial', denialSignatures: UNIX_SIGNATURES, runnerFailureSignatures: RUNNER_FAILURE }))
-    const seen: unknown[] = []
-    ctx.bash.onTaskDone((task) => { seen.push(task.sandbox) })
-    const task = bash.start(bash.resolve({ command: 'echo "x: Permission denied" >&2; exit 1' }))
-    await task.done
-    expect(seen).toEqual([{ mode: 'read-only', denied: true, enforcement: 'partial' }])
-  })
-
   it('overlapping background tasks keep their OWN wrap facts (per-task, not latest-wrap)', async () => {
     // Facts belong to each wrap and may vary between calls. The slow task settles after the
     // quick task starts; a shared latest-wrap field would classify and stamp it with the wrong
@@ -319,8 +323,8 @@ describe('background sandbox facts', () => {
     const task = bash.start(bash.resolve({ command: 'echo "Permission denied" >&2; sleep 30' }))
     // Let the stderr land before the kill so the classifier sees the
     // signature and must still refuse it on the null exit code alone.
-    await vi.waitFor(() => { expect(bash.readOutput(task.id).delta).toContain('Permission denied') })
-    bash.kill(task.id)
+    await vi.waitFor(() => { expect(task.readOutput().delta).toContain('Permission denied') })
+    task.kill()
     await task.done
     expect(task.sandbox).toEqual({ mode: 'read-only', denied: false, enforcement: 'full' })
   })

packages/bash/bash-sandbox/tests/seatbelt.e2e.ts

@@ -5,8 +5,9 @@ import { homedir } from 'node:os'
 import { join } from 'node:path'
 import { afterEach, describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'
 import { Context } from 'cordis'
-import { LocalSandboxProvider, seatbeltProfileArgs } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-sandbox-local'
+import { LocalSandboxProvider } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-sandbox-local'
 import { SandboxPolicyService } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-sandbox-policy'
+import { seatbeltProfileArgs } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-sandbox-local/src/profiles.ts'
 import { SandboxBashExecutor } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-bash-sandbox'
 
 /**

packages/bash/bash/README.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # @deepseek-ai/dsh-bash
 
-The **bash executor seam**: an abstract `BashExecutor` service (`ctx.bash`) defining WHAT a bash backend does — run commands, manage background tasks — without saying HOW.
+The **bash executor seam**: an abstract `BashExecutor` service (`ctx.bash`) defining WHAT a bash backend does — run foreground commands and start background processes — without saying HOW. Task ids, ownership, collection, cancellation, and notices belong to the generic `ctx.tasks` runtime.
 
 This package is the interface quarter of the bash capability, split so each concern can evolve (and be swapped) independently:
 
@@ -18,23 +18,20 @@ The split mirrors the LLM seam (`LlmService`/`LlmAdapter`) and the agent-tool su
 | Member | Semantics |
 |---|---|
 | `run(spec)` | Foreground execution. Resolves when the command finishes. **Rejects only for infrastructure failures** (unusable workdir, missing shell, pre-aborted signal); nonzero exits, timeout kills, and abort kills resolve with a descriptive `BashRunResult`. |
-| `start(spec)` | Background execution. Returns a `BashTask` handle immediately; **no timeout applies** (stop tasks via `kill`). |
-| `get(id)` / `list()` | Task lookup. |
+| `start(spec)` | Background execution. Returns a task-free `BashProcess` handle immediately; **no timeout applies**. The caller may adapt it into `ctx.tasks`. |
 | `sandboxMode` | The capability fact for the tool layer: the default mode a SANDBOXING executor confines under (`undefined` in the base class — "this executor does not sandbox"). `dsh-tool-bash` reads it at registration to advertise the escalation fields only when the composition honors them. |
-| `ownerOf(id)` | The opaque OWNER token recorded for a background task at `start` (from the spec's `owner`), or `undefined` for an unknown id OR a known-but-ownerless task. The executor stores/returns it verbatim and NEVER interprets it — the access POLICY lives in the consumer (`dsh-tool-bash`), which compares `ownerOf(id)` to the caller's token. Storing ownership here (disposed with the executor's fiber) is what makes it survive a consumer HMR reload. |
-| `readOutput(id)` | **Incremental** output read — consecutive reads never re-deliver. Reads that lost data to buffer bounds flag `lossy` and point at full-stream spill files. Throws for unknown ids. |
-| `kill(id)` | Kill a running task. Returns `false` when it already finished; throws for unknown ids. |
-| `onTaskDone(listener)` | Completion listener (effect-based, disposer returned). Fires exactly once per task; never after the service is disposed. |
+| `BashProcess.readOutput()` | **Incremental** output read — consecutive reads never re-deliver. Reads that lost data to buffer bounds flag `lossy` and point at full-stream spill files. |
+| `BashProcess.kill()` | Kill the process group. Returns `false` when it already finished. |
 
-Implementations subclass `BashExecutor`, implement the abstract methods, and call `notifyTaskDone(task)` on background completion. Disposal must kill every running task (no orphan processes) — see the HMR-safety tests.
+Implementations subclass `BashExecutor` and implement the abstract methods. Disposal must kill every running process and await its exit — see the HMR-safety tests.
 
 ## Vocabulary
 
-`BashExecRequest` (command, workdir?, timeoutMs?, signal?, stdin?, env?, owner?, sandboxMode?) resolves to `BashExecSpec` (command, workdir, timeoutMs, signal?, stdin?, env?, owner, sandboxMode) before execution; `owner` and `sandboxMode` are optional on the request and **required-but-nullable** on the resolved spec, so a forgotten one is a visible `undefined` rather than a silently-absent property. `sandboxMode` is the explicit per-call sandbox-policy input: an escalation grant a human just issued ([the sandbox RFC § Escalation](../../../docs/rfc/implemented/feature/2026-07-06-sandbox.md), which outranks) or the session's standing override ([the sandbox RFC § Per-session mode switching](../../../docs/rfc/implemented/feature/2026-07-06-sandbox.md)); a sandboxing executor's `resolve()` stamps its configured default when the request carries none, and a non-sandboxing executor carries the field verbatim and confines nothing.
+`BashExecRequest` (command, workdir?, timeoutMs?, signal?, stdin?, env?, sandboxMode?) resolves to `BashExecSpec` (command, workdir, timeoutMs, signal?, stdin?, env?, sandboxMode) before execution. `sandboxMode` is optional on the request and required-but-nullable on the resolved spec: it carries an approved one-shot escalation or the session's standing override; a sandboxing executor stamps its configured default when absent, while a non-sandboxing executor carries the field and confines nothing.
 
-The seam owns per-session sandbox overrides through the log-only `bash/sandbox-mode` event, `effectiveSandboxMode`, and `setSandboxMode`; writers preserve turn enclosure, and replay restores the last override. `BashTaskId` and `OwnerToken` are distinct brands. Foreground `run` returns exit, timeout, cancellation, output, and optional sandbox facts; background `start` and `readOutput` use task records. A sandboxing executor reports the executed mode, conservative denial classification, and enforcement completeness. See [core-data-structures/bash.md](../../../docs/core-data-structures/bash.md) for full shapes.
+The seam also owns the per-session mode override vocabulary: the log-only `'bash/sandbox-mode'` session event, the pure `effectiveSandboxMode(events)` fold, and the `setSandboxMode(session, mode)` write path. `run()` returns `BashRunResult`; `start()` returns `BashProcess`, whose incremental read and kill methods are adapted by `dsh-tool-bash` into a generic task registration. A sandboxing executor stamps `BashSandboxInfo` on foreground results and settled process handles. See `src/types.ts` and [core-data-structures/bash.md](../../../docs/core-data-structures/bash.md).
 
-`stdin` and `env` are set by in-process plugins (the hooks bridges, native plugins) to feed a hook command its JSON payload on stdin and its `CLAUDE_PROJECT_DIR`/`CLAUDE_PLUGIN_ROOT` env. The model-facing `dsh-tool-bash` tool does not expose them as parameters — a model already has equivalent power through shell syntax (`FOO=bar cmd`, a heredoc), so they would be redundant tool params. This is not a security boundary: the implementation's credential scrub (not these fields) is what keeps the harness's ambient secrets out of a spawned command. They are plain optionals on the resolved spec (unlike `owner`'s required-but-nullable): a missing one means "none", the safe default. See [the bash-stdin-env RFC](../../../docs/rfc/implemented/architecture/2026-06-30-bash-stdin-env-trusted-plugin-surface.md).
+`stdin` and `env` are set by in-process plugins (the hooks bridges, native plugins) to feed a hook command its JSON payload on stdin and its `CLAUDE_PROJECT_DIR`/`CLAUDE_PLUGIN_ROOT` env. The model-facing `dsh-tool-bash` tool does not expose them as parameters — a model already has equivalent power through shell syntax (`FOO=bar cmd`, a heredoc), so they would be redundant tool params. This is not a security boundary: the implementation's credential scrub (not these fields) is what keeps the harness's ambient secrets out of a spawned command. They are plain optionals on the resolved spec; a missing value means "none". See [the bash-stdin-env RFC](../../../docs/rfc/implemented/architecture/2026-06-30-bash-stdin-env-trusted-plugin-surface.md).
 
 ## Model Experience
 

packages/bash/bash/package.json

@@ -22,12 +22,10 @@
   ],
   "license": "BSD-3-Clause",
   "peerDependencies": {
-    "@deepseek-ai/dsh-brand": "^0.0.1",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-sandbox": "^0.0.1",
     "cordis": "^4.0.0-rc.7"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
-    "@deepseek-ai/dsh-brand": "workspace:^",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-sandbox": "workspace:^",
     "cordis": "^4.0.0-rc.7"
   }

packages/bash/bash/src/index.ts

@@ -1,23 +1,22 @@
 /**
- * The bash executor seam (`ctx.bash`): an abstract service defining what a bash backend does —
- * run commands, manage background tasks — without saying how.
+ * The `ctx.bash` executor seam for foreground commands and background process
+ * handles. Task ids, ownership, polling, and notices belong to
+ * `@deepseek-ai/dsh-tasks`, keeping executors independent of sessions.
  * @module @deepseek-ai/dsh-bash
  */
 
 import { Context, Service } from 'cordis'
 import type { SandboxMode } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-sandbox'
-import type { BashExecRequest, BashExecSpec, BashRunResult, BashTask, BashTaskId, BashTaskListener, BashTaskRead, OwnerToken } from './types.ts'
+import type { BashExecRequest, BashExecSpec, BashProcess, BashRunResult } from './types.ts'
 
-export { BashTaskId, OwnerToken } from './types.ts'
 export type {
   BashExecRequest,
   BashExecSpec,
+  BashProcess,
+  BashProcessRead,
+  BashProcessStatus,
   BashRunResult,
   BashSandboxInfo,
-  BashTask,
-  BashTaskListener,
-  BashTaskRead,
-  BashTaskStatus,
   CollectedOutput,
 } from './types.ts'
 
@@ -28,34 +27,30 @@ declare module 'cordis' {
 }
 
 /**
- * Registers one `ctx.bash` implementation. Runtime command failures resolve as
- * {@link BashRunResult}; only infrastructure failures reject. Background starts
- * return immediately without a timeout, report completion exactly once while
- * live, and remain cancellable by signal or {@link kill}. Output reads are
- * incremental and flag lost buffered data; disposal kills and awaits all tasks.
+ * Abstract bash execution service. Subclass, implement the abstract methods,
+ * and load the subclass as a plugin — it registers as `ctx.bash` (one
+ * implementation per context; loading a second throws, which is cordis'
+ * standard duplicate-service behavior).
+ *
+ * Implementations must honor these semantics:
+ * - {@link run} rejects only for infrastructure failures. Nonzero exits,
+ *   timeout kills, and abort kills resolve with a {@link BashRunResult}.
+ * - {@link start} returns immediately; no timeout applies to background
+ *   processes. `done` settles at process close and never rejects; spawn
+ *   failures settle as `killed` with the error on stderr.
+ * - {@link BashProcess.readOutput} is incremental: consecutive reads never
+ *   repeat output. Lossy reads report truncation and available spill files.
+ * - Disposal kills all running background processes and awaits their exit.
  */
 export abstract class BashExecutor extends Service {
-  private listeners = new Set<BashTaskListener>()
-  private listenersClosed = false
-
   constructor(ctx: Context) {
     super(ctx, 'bash')
-    ctx.effect(() => () => {
-      // Close the listener registry before subclass teardown so late task
-      // completions (e.g. from kills issued during dispose) stay silent.
-      this.listenersClosed = true
-      this.listeners.clear()
-    }, 'bash listener teardown')
   }
 
   /**
-   * The sandbox mode this executor confines commands under BY DEFAULT, or `undefined` when it
-   * does not sandbox at all — the capability fact the tool and ACP layers read to advertise
-   * sandbox controls honestly.
-   * A session or call may override this default, so widening is evaluated per
-   * execution rather than encoded in this getter.
-   * @returns the configured default mode of a sandboxing executor;
-   *   `undefined` for an executor that never confines.
+   * The sandbox mode this executor applies by default, or `undefined` when it
+   * does not sandbox commands.
+   * @returns the configured default sandbox mode, when supported.
    */
   get sandboxMode(): SandboxMode | undefined {
     return undefined
@@ -78,79 +73,11 @@ export abstract class BashExecutor extends Service {
   abstract run(spec: BashExecSpec): Promise<BashRunResult>
 
   /**
-   * Start a background task and return its handle immediately.
+   * Start a background process and return its handle immediately.
    * @param spec - a resolved spec from {@link resolve}, never a raw request.
-   * @returns the live task handle; completion fires {@link onTaskDone}.
-   */
-  abstract start(spec: BashExecSpec): BashTask
-
-  /**
-   * Look up a background task by id.
-   * @param id - the task id to look up.
-   * @returns the tracked task, or undefined for an id this executor never issued.
-   */
-  abstract get(id: BashTaskId): BashTask | undefined
-
-  /**
-   * The opaque OWNER token recorded for a background task at {@link start} (from the {@link
-   * BashExecSpec}'s `owner`), or `undefined` for an unknown id OR a known-but-ownerless task.
-   * The executor stores the token without interpreting policy; keeping it here
-   * lets ownership survive a consumer-plugin reload.
-   * @param id - the background task id to look up ownership for.
-   * @returns the token recorded at start, verbatim; undefined for an unknown
-   *   id or a known-but-ownerless task.
-   */
-  abstract ownerOf(id: BashTaskId): OwnerToken | undefined
-
-  /**
-   * All tracked background tasks (insertion order).
-   * @returns every task this executor started, running or finished.
-   */
-  abstract list(): BashTask[]
-
-  /**
-   * Read output produced since the previous read. Throws for unknown ids.
-   * @param id - the task to read from.
-   * @returns the incremental read; consecutive reads never re-deliver output.
-   */
-  abstract readOutput(id: BashTaskId): BashTaskRead
-
-  /**
-   * Kill a running background task. Returns false when it had already
-   * finished (no-op). Throws for unknown ids.
-   * @param id - the task to kill.
-   * @returns true when this call killed it, false when it had already finished.
+   * @returns the live process handle (reads, kill, quiescence promise).
    */
-  abstract kill(id: BashTaskId): boolean
-
-  /**
-   * Register a background-task completion listener (disposed with the
-   * calling fiber). Listeners never fire after this service is disposed.
-   * @param listener - called exactly once per task completion.
-   * @returns the disposer that unregisters the listener.
-   */
-  onTaskDone(listener: BashTaskListener): () => void {
-    const dispose = this.ctx.effect(() => {
-      this.listeners.add(listener)
-      return () => this.listeners.delete(listener)
-    }, 'bash.onTaskDone()')
-    return () => void dispose()
-  }
-
-  /** For implementations: notify listeners that `task` completed. Listener
-   * exceptions are contained (logged) — one bad listener must not reject
-   * `BashTask.done` or starve the listeners after it. */
-  protected notifyTaskDone(task: BashTask): void {
-    if (this.listenersClosed) return
-    for (const listener of this.listeners) {
-      try {
-        listener(task)
-      } catch (error: unknown) {
-        // Listener bugs are reported, never propagated into task.done.
-        console.error('bash onTaskDone listener threw:', error)
-      }
-    }
-  }
+  abstract start(spec: BashExecSpec): BashProcess
 }
 
 export default BashExecutor

packages/bash/bash/src/types.ts

@@ -1,79 +1,24 @@
 /**
- * Execution vocabulary for the bash executor seam. Types only — the abstract
- * service lives in `./index.ts`, implementations in sibling packages
- * (`@deepseek-ai/dsh-bash-local` first).
- *
+ * Execution types for the bash executor seam. Background task semantics belong
+ * to `@deepseek-ai/dsh-tasks`; this seam exposes only process handles.
  * @module dsh-bash/types
  */
 
-import type { Branded } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-brand'
 import type { SandboxEnforcement, SandboxMode } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-sandbox'
 
-/** Identifies one background task within an executor (generated `bash-N`). */
-export type BashTaskId = Branded<'BashTaskId'>
-
-/**
- * Brand a string as a {@link BashTaskId}.
- * @param id - the raw task-id string (the executor generates `bash-N`).
- * @returns the same string, branded; no validation is performed.
- */
-export function BashTaskId(id: string): BashTaskId {
-  return id as BashTaskId
-}
-
-/**
- * A background task's opaque isolation key — the CONSUMER's owner identity, not
- * the bash seam's. The executor stores and returns it verbatim and never
- * interprets it; the access policy lives in the consumer (`dsh-tool-bash`),
- * which is the single boundary that casts its own id vocabulary into one. A
- * DISTINCT brand (not a `SessionId` alias) keeps the seam decoupled — a
- * sandboxed/remote executor inherits no session dependency.
- */
-export type OwnerToken = Branded<'OwnerToken'>
-
 /**
- * Brand a string as an {@link OwnerToken}. Only the consuming boundary
- * (`dsh-tool-bash`) should cast its own id vocabulary in — see the type's doc.
- * @param id - the consumer's raw owner identity (the tool layer passes the owning agent's session id).
- * @returns the same string, branded; no validation is performed.
- */
-export function OwnerToken(id: string): OwnerToken {
-  return id as OwnerToken
-}
-
-/**
- * Sandbox facts for one foreground run — present on {@link BashRunResult} iff
- * a sandboxing executor ran the command (an unsandboxed executor reports no
- * `sandbox` field at all). Reported independently of `exitCode`/`signal`
- * (orthogonal outcomes), so a caller can tell "the command failed on its own"
- * from "the sandbox blocked a file operation". The mode/enforcement
- * vocabulary lives on the `@deepseek-ai/dsh-sandbox` seam; this shape is the
- * bash seam's result-fact carrier for it.
+ * Sandbox facts for one run, present iff a sandboxing executor handled it.
+ * Facts are reported independently of process exit status so callers can
+ * distinguish command failures from policy denials and runner failures.
  */
 export interface BashSandboxInfo {
   /** The mode the command actually ran under. */
   mode: SandboxMode
-  /**
-   * True when the executor classifies this run's failure as the sandbox
-   * denying a file operation. The classification is CONSERVATIVE (a failed
-   * exit whose stderr carries a filesystem-permission signature) and reads
-   * the COLLECTED stderr — the bounded in-memory tail per
-   * {@link CollectedOutput} semantics, so a signature that survives only in a
-   * spill file is missed toward `denied: false`. A plain command failure
-   * keeps `denied: false` even under a sandboxed mode.
-   */
+  /** Whether the sandbox denied a file operation. */
   denied: boolean
-  /**
-   * How completely the runner enforced `mode`'s file effects — see
-   * {@link SandboxEnforcement}. Absent exactly when `mode` is
-   * `danger-full-access`: nothing is confined, so there is no enforcement to
-   * report.
-   */
+  /** How completely the selected runner enforced the requested mode. */
   enforcement?: SandboxEnforcement
-  /**
-   * The sandbox runner failed before executing the command. Set only on settled
-   * background tasks; foreground runs throw `SANDBOX_UNAVAILABLE` instead.
-   */
+  /** Whether the sandbox runner failed before the command could run. */
   runnerFailed?: boolean
 }
 
@@ -109,30 +54,14 @@ export interface BashExecRequest {
    * uses shell syntax like `FOO=bar cmd`).
    */
   env?: Record<string, string> | undefined
-  /**
-   * Opaque OWNER token for a background task — the consumer's isolation key
-   * (the tool layer passes the owning agent's `session.header.id`). The
-   * executor stores it on the task and exposes it via {@link BashExecutor.ownerOf};
-   * the executor itself NEVER interprets it (no access policy lives in the
-   * seam — that is the consumer's job). Absent for foreground runs and for an
-   * ownerless background start (a non-agent caller).
-   */
-  owner?: OwnerToken | undefined
-  /**
-   * Explicit per-call sandbox policy. The tool stamps a session override or a
-   * one-shot approved escalation, with the grant taking precedence. Sandboxing
-   * executors honor it for this call; non-sandboxing executors do not confine.
-   */
+  /** Explicit per-call sandbox mode override. */
   sandboxMode?: SandboxMode | undefined
 }
 
 /**
- * A fully-resolved execution SPEC — exactly what {@link BashExecutor.run} /
- * {@link BashExecutor.start} act on. `workdir` and `timeoutMs` are REQUIRED:
- * defaulting and capping already happened in {@link BashExecutor.resolve}, so
- * the executor never hides a `?? config` fallback (explicit > implicit). For
- * background tasks, `start()` ignores `timeoutMs` (background runs have no
- * timeout) — the field is still required because the type is shared.
+ * A resolved execution spec. {@link BashExecutor.resolve} fills and caps the
+ * required fields; {@link BashExecutor.start} ignores `timeoutMs` because
+ * background processes have no executor timeout.
  */
 export interface BashExecSpec {
   command: string
@@ -140,40 +69,14 @@ export interface BashExecSpec {
   timeoutMs: number
   /** Abort signal — implementations kill the command when it fires. */
   signal?: AbortSignal | undefined
-  /**
-   * Bytes to write to the command's stdin (then close it), carried through
-   * verbatim from {@link BashExecRequest.stdin}. OPTIONAL on the resolved spec
-   * (unlike `owner`): it has no config default, so a missing one means "no
-   * stdin" — the safe, ordinary case — not a silent footgun, so it stays a
-   * plain optional rather than required-but-nullable (see the request field).
-   */
+  /** Bytes to write to stdin before closing it; absent means no stdin. */
   stdin?: string | undefined
   /**
-   * Extra environment entries, carried through verbatim from
-   * {@link BashExecRequest.env} and merged by the implementation AFTER its
-   * credential scrub (an explicit entry wins even when its name matches the
-   * scrub pattern). OPTIONAL on the spec for the same reason as `stdin` — no
-   * config default, absent means "no extra env".
+   * Extra environment entries, merged after credential scrubbing so explicit
+   * values win; absent means no extra entries.
    */
   env?: Record<string, string> | undefined
-  /**
-   * Opaque owner token, REQUIRED-but-nullable (mirrors `workdir`/`timeoutMs`
-   * being required on the resolved spec): {@link BashExecutor.resolve} carries
-   * the request's `owner` through, defaulting a missing one to `undefined`. A
-   * required field makes a forgotten owner a VISIBLE `undefined` rather than a
-   * silently-absent property that yields an unowned (cross-session-readable)
-   * task. `start()` stores it; `run()` (foreground) ignores it.
-   */
-  owner: OwnerToken | undefined
-  /**
-   * The sandbox mode this call executes under, REQUIRED-but-nullable for the
-   * same visibility reason as `owner`. A sandboxing executor's `resolve()`
-   * stamps the effective mode (the request's explicit override, else its
-   * configured default) so `run()`/`start()` read the spec, never the config;
-   * a non-sandboxing executor carries the request value through verbatim and
-   * ignores it (`undefined` under such an executor means what its README says:
-   * unconfined execution).
-   */
+  /** Resolved sandbox mode; ignored by executors that do not confine. */
   sandboxMode: SandboxMode | undefined
 }
 
@@ -201,42 +104,15 @@ export interface BashRunResult {
   timeoutMs: number
   stdout: CollectedOutput
   stderr: CollectedOutput
-  /**
-   * Sandbox facts, present iff a sandboxing executor ran the command — an
-   * unsandboxed executor (e.g. `dsh-bash-local`) never sets it. See
-   * {@link BashSandboxInfo} for the `denied` classification semantics.
-   */
+  /** Sandbox execution facts, absent for an unsandboxed executor. */
   sandbox?: BashSandboxInfo
 }
 
-/** Lifecycle of a background task. */
-export type BashTaskStatus = 'running' | 'completed' | 'killed'
-
-/** A tracked background task handle. */
-export interface BashTask {
-  readonly id: BashTaskId
-  status: BashTaskStatus
-  /** Exit code once finished (null = killed by signal / still running). */
-  exitCode: number | null
-  /** Terminating signal name, when signal-killed. */
-  signal: NodeJS.Signals | null
-  /** Resolves when the underlying process closes (never rejects). */
-  readonly done: Promise<void>
-  /**
-   * Sandbox facts for this task's execution, stamped by a sandboxing executor
-   * once the task settles and BEFORE completion listeners are notified — an
-   * `onTaskDone` consumer and a `done` awaiter both see it. Denial
-   * classification runs against the settled task's collected stderr, so the
-   * field cannot exist earlier: absent while the task is running and under an
-   * executor that does not sandbox. See {@link BashSandboxInfo} for the
-   * `denied` semantics.
-   */
-  sandbox?: BashSandboxInfo
-}
+/** Lifecycle of a background process. */
+export type BashProcessStatus = 'running' | 'completed' | 'killed'
 
-/** One incremental {@link BashExecutor.readOutput} read. */
-export interface BashTaskRead {
-  task: BashTask
+/** One incremental {@link BashProcess.readOutput} read. */
+export interface BashProcessRead {
   /** Output produced since the previous read (stderr in a marked section). */
   delta: string
   /** True when truncation dropped unread bytes the delta cannot include. */
@@ -247,5 +123,31 @@ export interface BashTaskRead {
   stderrSpillPath?: string
 }
 
-/** Completion callback for background tasks. */
-export type BashTaskListener = (task: BashTask) => void
+/**
+ * A background process handle returned by {@link BashExecutor.start}. It is the
+ * only access path; buffered output remains readable after exit. Executor
+ * disposal kills running processes and awaits {@link done}.
+ */
+export interface BashProcess {
+  /** Process lifecycle state (settled exactly once). */
+  status: BashProcessStatus
+  /** Exit code once finished (null = killed by signal / still running). */
+  exitCode: number | null
+  /** Terminating signal name, when signal-killed. */
+  signal: NodeJS.Signals | null
+  /** Resolves when the underlying process closes (never rejects — a spawn failure settles as `killed` with the error on stderr). */
+  readonly done: Promise<void>
+  /** Sandbox facts, stamped once a confined process settles. */
+  sandbox?: BashSandboxInfo
+  /**
+   * Read output produced since the previous read (consuming — consecutive
+   * reads never re-deliver). Reads that lost data flag `lossy` and point at
+   * full-stream spill files when available.
+   */
+  readOutput(): BashProcessRead
+  /**
+   * Kill the process group. Returns false when it had already finished
+   * (no-op); idempotent.
+   */
+  kill(): boolean
+}

packages/bash/bash/tests/service.spec.ts

@@ -1,150 +1,83 @@
-import { describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'
 import { Context } from 'cordis'
-import { BashExecutor, BashTaskId, OwnerToken } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-bash'
-import type { BashExecRequest, BashExecSpec, BashRunResult, BashTask, BashTaskRead } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-bash'
-
-/** Minimal concrete executor: records calls, lets tests drive completions. */
+import { BashExecutor } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-bash'
+import type { BashExecRequest, BashExecSpec, BashProcess, BashProcessRead, BashRunResult } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-bash'
+
+/**
+ * Minimal concrete executor: canned foreground results, a hand-built process
+ * handle. The seam is TASK-FREE (start returns a {@link BashProcess} handle;
+ * task semantics live in `ctx.tasks`), so this stub is all an implementation
+ * owes the abstract class.
+ */
 class StubExecutor extends BashExecutor {
-  tasks = new Map<BashTaskId, BashTask>()
-  private owners = new Map<BashTaskId, OwnerToken | undefined>()
-
   resolve(request: BashExecRequest): BashExecSpec {
     return {
       command: request.command,
       workdir: request.workdir ?? '/stub',
       timeoutMs: request.timeoutMs ?? 1000,
       ...request.signal ? { signal: request.signal } : {},
-      owner: request.owner,
       sandboxMode: request.sandboxMode,
     }
   }
 
-  async run(_spec: BashExecSpec): Promise<BashRunResult> {
+  async run(spec: BashExecSpec): Promise<BashRunResult> {
     return {
       exitCode: 0,
       signal: null,
       timedOut: false,
       aborted: false,
-      timeoutMs: 1000,
+      timeoutMs: spec.timeoutMs,
       stdout: { text: 'ok', truncated: false },
       stderr: { text: '', truncated: false },
     }
   }
 
-  start(spec: BashExecSpec): BashTask {
-    const task: BashTask = {
-      id: BashTaskId(`stub-${this.tasks.size + 1}`),
+  start(): BashProcess {
+    const proc: BashProcess = {
       status: 'running',
       exitCode: null,
       signal: null,
       done: Promise.resolve(),
+      readOutput: (): BashProcessRead => ({ delta: '', lossy: false }),
+      kill: (): boolean => {
+        if (proc.status !== 'running') return false
+        proc.status = 'killed'
+        return true
+      },
     }
-    this.tasks.set(task.id, task)
-    this.owners.set(task.id, spec.owner)
-    return task
-  }
-
-  get(id: BashTaskId): BashTask | undefined {
-    return this.tasks.get(id)
-  }
-
-  ownerOf(id: BashTaskId): OwnerToken | undefined {
-    return this.owners.get(id)
-  }
-
-  list(): BashTask[] {
-    return [...this.tasks.values()]
-  }
-
-  readOutput(id: BashTaskId): BashTaskRead {
-    const task = this.tasks.get(id)
-    if (!task) throw new Error(`unknown bash task "${id}"`)
-    return { task, delta: '', lossy: false }
-  }
-
-  kill(id: BashTaskId): boolean {
-    const task = this.tasks.get(id)
-    if (!task) throw new Error(`unknown bash task "${id}"`)
-    if (task.status !== 'running') return false
-    task.status = 'killed'
-    return true
-  }
-
-  /** Expose the protected notifier for tests. */
-  fire(task: BashTask): void {
-    this.notifyTaskDone(task)
+    return proc
   }
 }
 
-async function setup() {
-  const ctx = new Context()
-  await ctx.plugin(StubExecutor)
-  // ctx.bash resolves to the registered implementation.
-  const bash = ctx.bash as StubExecutor
-  return { ctx, bash }
-}
-
 describe('BashExecutor service seam', () => {
-  it('registers as ctx.bash and serves the abstract API', async () => {
-    const { bash } = await setup()
-    const task = bash.start(bash.resolve({ command: 'sleep 1' }))
-    expect(bash.get(task.id)).toBe(task)
-    expect(bash.list()).toEqual([task])
-    expect(bash.kill(task.id)).toBe(true)
-    expect(bash.kill(task.id)).toBe(false)
-    const result = await bash.run(bash.resolve({ command: 'true' }))
-    expect(result.exitCode).toBe(0)
-  })
-
-  it('reports no default sandbox mode (composition truth: the base never confines)', async () => {
-    const { bash } = await setup()
-    expect(bash.sandboxMode).toBeUndefined()
-  })
-
-  it('onTaskDone delivers completions to registered listeners', async () => {
-    const { bash } = await setup()
-    const seen: string[] = []
-    bash.onTaskDone(task => void seen.push(task.id))
-    const task = bash.start(bash.resolve({ command: 'x' }))
-    bash.fire(task)
-    expect(seen).toEqual([task.id])
-  })
+  it('a concrete subclass registers as ctx.bash and serves the abstract API', async () => {
+    const ctx = new Context()
+    await ctx.plugin(StubExecutor)
+    const spec = ctx.bash.resolve({ command: 'echo hi' })
+    expect(spec).toEqual({ command: 'echo hi', workdir: '/stub', timeoutMs: 1000, sandboxMode: undefined })
 
-  it('onTaskDone disposer unsubscribes the listener', async () => {
-    const { bash } = await setup()
-    const listener = vi.fn()
-    const dispose = bash.onTaskDone(listener)
-    dispose()
-    bash.fire(bash.start(bash.resolve({ command: 'x' })))
-    expect(listener).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+    const result = await ctx.bash.run(spec)
+    expect(result.exitCode).toBe(0)
+    expect(result.stdout.text).toBe('ok')
+
+    const proc = ctx.bash.start(spec)
+    expect(proc.status).toBe('running')
+    expect(proc.readOutput()).toEqual({ delta: '', lossy: false })
+    expect(proc.kill()).toBe(true)
+    expect(proc.kill()).toBe(false) // already settled → no-op
+    await proc.done
   })
 
-  it('listeners registered from a fiber are removed on dispose (HMR safety)', async () => {
-    const { ctx, bash } = await setup()
-    const listener = vi.fn()
-    const fiber = await ctx.plugin(Object.assign((inner: Context) => {
-      inner.bash.onTaskDone(listener)
-    }, { inject: ['bash'] }))
-    bash.fire(bash.start(bash.resolve({ command: 'one' })))
-    expect(listener).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
-
-    await fiber.dispose()
-    bash.fire(bash.start(bash.resolve({ command: 'two' })))
-    expect(listener).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
+  it('reports no default sandbox mode from the task-free base seam', async () => {
+    const ctx = new Context()
+    await ctx.plugin(StubExecutor)
+    expect(ctx.bash.sandboxMode).toBeUndefined()
   })
 
-  it('silences listeners once the service fiber is disposed', async () => {
+  it('loading a second implementation throws (one bash service per context — cordis standard)', async () => {
     const ctx = new Context()
-    const fiber = await ctx.plugin(Object.assign(async (inner: Context) => {
-      await inner.plugin(StubExecutor)
-    }, {}))
-    const bash = ctx.bash as StubExecutor
-    const listener = vi.fn()
-    bash.onTaskDone(listener)
-    const task = bash.start(bash.resolve({ command: 'x' }))
-
-    await fiber.dispose()
-    bash.fire(task)
-    expect(listener).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+    await ctx.plugin(StubExecutor)
+    class SecondExecutor extends StubExecutor {}
+    await expect(ctx.plugin(SecondExecutor)).rejects.toThrow(/service "bash" has been registered/)
   })
 })

packages/bash/bash/tsconfig.json

@@ -14,9 +14,6 @@
     {
       "path": "../../../vendor/cordis"
     },
-    {
-      "path": "../../util/brand"
-    },
     {
       "path": "../../sandbox/sandbox"
     }

packages/bash/tool-bash/README.md

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 # @deepseek-ai/dsh-tool-bash
 
-The model-facing bash tools — `bash`, `bash_output`, `bash_kill` — registered over the `ctx.bash` executor seam (`@deepseek-ai/dsh-bash`). This package owns schema and text shaping while process concerns stay behind the seam. Executor facts can change rendered results, and a sandboxing executor activates the escalation fields, without moving those presentation rules into the backend.
+The model-facing `bash` tool registered over the `ctx.bash` executor seam. Foreground execution stays behind that seam; a background process handle is registered with the generic `ctx.tasks` runtime and controlled through `task_output`, `task_list`, and `task_kill` from `@deepseek-ai/dsh-tool-tasks`.
 
 Requires a loaded executor implementation (e.g. `@deepseek-ai/dsh-bash-local`); the plugin stays pending until `ctx.bash` exists (`inject: ['tools', 'bash', 'systemPrompt']`).
 
-The package root exposes only the Cordis plugin contract (`name`, `inject`, `apply`); result rendering remains an implementation detail covered by same-package tests.
+The package root exposes only the Cordis plugin contract (`name`, `inject`, `Config`, `apply`); result rendering and background-process adaptation remain implementation details covered by same-package tests.
 
-The plugin also contributes the `tool:bash` prompt section (order 105) — the cross-call habit the per-tool descriptions cannot carry: check the `[exit code: N]` marker on every result and investigate failures before moving on. A sandboxing executor changes the `bash` schema and result markers but adds no mode statement or switch notice; see [Per-session mode](#per-session-mode-switching).
+The plugin also contributes the `tool:bash` prompt section (order 105): check the `[exit code: N]` marker on every result and investigate failures before moving on.
 
 ## Tools
 
@@ -26,29 +26,15 @@ The plugin also contributes the `tool:bash` prompt section (order 105) — the c
 
 Result text contains stdout, an optional `[stderr]` section, then applicable sandbox-denial, timeout, signal, exit-code, and truncation markers. Timeout is reported independently of final exit status; nonzero exit remains a model-interpreted result rather than `isError`. Truncation links a safe complete spill file or reports it unavailable. Only infrastructure failures such as spawn errors and aborts produce `isError`.
 
-### `bash_output`
-
-`task_id` → output produced **since the previous `bash_output` call** plus a status line (`running` / `completed, exit code: N` / `killed`). A settled task classified as a sandbox denial carries the same `[sandbox: file access denied under <mode> mode]` marker on every read that sees it (denials are only classifiable once the whole stderr has been collected). Reads that lost data to buffer bounds say so and point at the full-output spill file when one is safely available, otherwise `(unavailable)`.
-
-### `bash_kill`
-
-`task_id` → ask the executor to kill the background task. The concrete executor decides how to signal or stop the process; killing an already-finished task is a reported no-op, and unknown ids are errors.
-
-### Task ownership (cross-session isolation)
-
-The executor stores the spawning session id as the task's owner. `bash_output` and `bash_kill` reject a caller with a different session id; agent-less tasks remain unowned, while agent-less calls cannot access owned tasks. Storing ownership on the task prevents predictable global ids from crossing ACP sessions and preserves the fence across tool-plugin reloads. Completion notices remain effect-scoped and may be missed during a reload gap.
+When `run_in_background` is true, this plugin preflights `ctx.tasks.start()` before spawning, registers the calling agent as owner, and adapts the returned `BashProcess` handle into generic cancel/done/incremental-output hooks. The task runtime owns ids, cross-session isolation, completion notices, waiting, and disposal cleanup; this plugin only maps bash exit/sandbox facts into task output and outcome detail. `enableRunInBackground: false` removes the parameter and rejects a forced background call at execution time.
 
 ## UI presentation
 
-UI presentation is tool-owned through `presentCall` and `presentResult`. Foreground `bash` uses a terminal card whose title is the exact command and whose optional description is separate; cwd follows an explicit `workdir`—resolved by the bridge against the session when relative—or the session cwd. Its result carries raw output plus exit or signal data, and clients without terminal support receive a bridge-derived fenced console fallback. Background runs, spawn failures, `bash_output`, and `bash_kill` use generic cards. Presenters are pure and replay-safe; malformed older arguments fall back to generic rendering. See [`dsh-tools`](../../core/tools/) and [`dsh-acp`](../../ui/acp/) for card semantics.
-
-## Background completion notices
-
-When a task finishes, the plugin resolves its owner token to a live agent and injects a durable completion notice. If the owner no longer exists, the notice is dropped. Injection affects the next request but does not wake an idle agent, so the model must poll with `bash_output` when it needs completion promptly.
+The tool owns its `presentCall`/`presentResult` render intent. A foreground call is a terminal card carrying command, description, cwd, raw output, and parsed exit status. A background start is a generic execute card because it returns only a task id; the generic `task_*` tools own their own cards. These presenters are pure and replay-safe.
 
 ## The tool builds its request from named args only
 
-The seam supports trusted-plugin `stdin` and `env`, but the model-facing tool does not. It builds requests only from its declared arguments, signal, and owner; extra model keys are ignored. Shell syntax already provides equivalent command-level behavior, while the local executor's credential scrub protects ambient secrets. See the [stdin/env RFC](../../../docs/rfc/implemented/architecture/2026-06-30-bash-stdin-env-trusted-plugin-surface.md).
+The `BashExecRequest` seam carries optional `stdin` and `env`, used by trusted in-process plugins. This tool does **not** expose or forward them: it builds requests from named command/workdir/timeout/signal/sandbox fields only. This is not a trust boundary; the local executor's ambient credential scrub is the security control.
 
 ## Permissions and escalation
 
@@ -76,7 +62,7 @@ Check the [exit code: N] marker on every bash result; investigate failures befor
 
 ### Tool schemas
 
-**What the model sees**: The model sees the generated [`bash`, `bash_output`, and `bash_kill` schemas](../../../docs/tool-catalog.md#deepseek-aidsh-tool-bash). `sandbox_permissions` and `justification` augment `bash` only when the mounted executor advertises sandboxing. Agent-scoped tool restrictions can remove the definitions for that agent.
+**What the model sees**: The model sees the generated [`bash` schema](../../../docs/tool-catalog.md#deepseek-aidsh-tool-bash). `run_in_background` appears only when this producer enables it; `sandbox_permissions` and `justification` appear only when the mounted executor advertises sandboxing. Agent-scoped tool restrictions can remove the definition for that agent.
 
 **Token effect**: Fixed schema cost on every request where the tools are visible; sandbox support adds the escalation fields and its conditional description paragraph.
 
@@ -88,19 +74,18 @@ Check the [exit code: N] marker on every bash result; investigate failures befor
 
 ### Background task context and results
 
-**What the model sees**: Start returns exactly `started background task <taskId>`. Completion injects exactly `background bash task <taskId> finished <status>. Read its output with bash_output.` Reads return only the data-dependent delta or `(no new output)`, optionally `[some output was dropped from memory; full output: <paths-or-(unavailable)>]`, then exactly one of `[status: running]`, `[status: killed]`, `[status: killed by <signal>]`, or `[status: completed, exit code: <exitCode>]`. Kill returns `killed background task <taskId>` or `task <taskId> had already finished`.
+**What the model sees**: Start returns exactly `started background task <taskId>`. This producer supplies incremental process output, optional `[some output was dropped from memory; full output: <paths-or-(unavailable)>]`, sandbox facts, and terminal detail such as `exit code: <exitCode>` or `signal: <signal>` to the generic task runtime. [`dsh-tool-tasks`](../../tasks/tool-tasks/README.md) owns the visible status line, completion notice, listing, and cancellation response.
 
-**Token effect**: Start and status text is small; deltas are data-dependent. The completion notice and every tool result are retained until compaction, but polling does not repeat already-delivered output.
+**Token effect**: The start acknowledgement is small and retained; collected output is data-dependent and bounded by the executor's stream buffers. Consuming reads do not repeat prior output.
 
 ### Tool errors
 
-**What the model sees**: Validation and policy failures are normalized as `Error: <message>`. This package's stable messages are `invalid command: expected a non-empty string`, `invalid description: expected a non-empty string`, `invalid timeoutMs: expected a positive number, got <value>`, `invalid escalation: sandbox_permissions requires a justification`, `invalid escalation: justification is only valid together with sandbox_permissions`, `invalid justification: expected a non-empty sentence`, `invalid task_id: expected a string, got <value>`, `task <taskId> belongs to another session`, `sandbox_permissions is not available in this composition (no sandboxing executor to escalate)`, `sandbox escalation to "<mode>" is not strictly wider than this call's current "<mode>" mode`, the approval-availability/rejection/cancellation variants, and `command aborted`.
+**What the model sees**: Validation and policy failures are normalized as `Error: <message>`. This package's stable messages are `invalid command: expected a non-empty string`, `invalid description: expected a non-empty string`, `invalid timeoutMs: expected a positive number, got <value>`, `invalid escalation: sandbox_permissions requires a justification`, `invalid escalation: justification is only valid together with sandbox_permissions`, `invalid justification: expected a non-empty sentence`, `background execution is disabled for this bash tool`, `background tasks unavailable: load @deepseek-ai/dsh-tasks and @deepseek-ai/dsh-tool-tasks`, `sandbox_permissions is not available in this composition (no sandboxing executor to escalate)`, `sandbox escalation to "<mode>" is not strictly wider than this call's current "<mode>" mode`, the approval-availability/rejection/cancellation variants, and `command aborted`.
 
 **Token effect**: Only the failing call adds these retained tokens; a rejected escalation does not add command output because the command does not run.
 
 ## Known Limitations and Deferred Work
 
 - **Replay exit pills parse from result text** — output whose final line happens to be exactly `[exit code: N]` / `[killed by signal: …]` shows a wrong pill on session replay; a display-only known residual.
-- **The bash tools opt out of `timeout-policy` budgets** — `bash` keeps the executor-owned `BASH_TIMEOUT` path and `bash_output`/`bash_kill` declare no budget, per [the tool-call timeout-policy RFC](../../../docs/rfc/implemented/architecture/2026-07-07-tool-call-timeout-policy.md).
-- **Completion notices do not wake an idle agent** — they become durable context for the next request; a caller needing progress now must poll `bash_output` or send another message.
-- **Tasks started outside an agent have no ownership fence** — their predictable ids are readable and killable by any caller; only agent-started tasks carry a session owner token.
+- **The `bash` tool opts out of `timeout-policy` budgets** — it keeps the executor-owned `BASH_TIMEOUT` path, per [the tool-call timeout-policy RFC](../../../docs/rfc/implemented/architecture/2026-07-07-tool-call-timeout-policy.md).
+- **Background processes have no executor timeout** — callers must use `task_kill`, or rely on owner/service disposal, when work no longer matters.

packages/bash/tool-bash/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@deepseek-ai/dsh-tool-bash",
-  "description": "Model-facing bash tools (bash, bash_output, bash_kill) over the DeepSeek Harness bash executor seam",
+  "description": "Model-facing bash tool with optional generic background-task and sandbox-escalation support",
   "version": "0.0.1",
   "private": true,
   "type": "module",
@@ -23,28 +23,33 @@
   "license": "BSD-3-Clause",
   "peerDependencies": {
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-agent": "^0.0.1",
-    "@deepseek-ai/dsh-user-approval": "^0.0.1",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-bash": "^0.0.1",
+    "@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm": "^0.0.1",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-sandbox": "^0.0.1",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-sandbox-policy": "^0.0.1",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-system-prompt": "^0.0.1",
+    "@deepseek-ai/dsh-tasks": "^0.0.1",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-tools": "^0.0.1",
+    "@deepseek-ai/dsh-user-approval": "^0.0.1",
     "cordis": "^4.0.0-rc.7"
   },
+  "dependencies": {
+    "schemastery": "^3.18.0"
+  },
   "devDependencies": {
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-agent": "workspace:^",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-agent-loop": "workspace:^",
-    "@deepseek-ai/dsh-user-approval": "workspace:^",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-bash": "workspace:^",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-bash-local": "workspace:^",
-    "@deepseek-ai/dsh-bash-sandbox": "workspace:^",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm": "workspace:^",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-sandbox": "workspace:^",
-    "@deepseek-ai/dsh-sandbox-local": "workspace:^",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-sandbox-policy": "workspace:^",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-session": "workspace:^",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-system-prompt": "workspace:^",
+    "@deepseek-ai/dsh-tasks": "workspace:^",
+    "@deepseek-ai/dsh-tool-tasks": "workspace:^",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-tools": "workspace:^",
+    "@deepseek-ai/dsh-user-approval": "workspace:^",
     "cordis": "^4.0.0-rc.7"
   }
 }

packages/bash/tool-bash/src/background.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+/**
+ * Generic-task adaptation for background bash process handles.
+ *
+ * @module @deepseek-ai/dsh-tool-bash/background
+ */
+
+import type { BashProcess } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-bash'
+
+/**
+ * Map a settled background process onto the generic task-outcome vocabulary:
+ * `killed` stays `killed` (detail: the signal when one is known), everything
+ * else is `completed` with the exit code as detail. A nonzero command exit is
+ * reported, not failed, exactly like the foreground rendering.
+ * @param proc - the settled process handle.
+ * @returns the outcome for the `ctx.tasks` registration.
+ */
+export function processOutcome(proc: BashProcess): { status: 'completed' | 'killed'; detail: string } {
+  // TODO(background-infrastructure-outcome): widen BashProcess with an explicit
+  // infrastructure-failure outcome, then map spawn failures and
+  // sandbox.runnerFailed to task `failed`. The current seam aliases a spawn
+  // failure with a signal-less kill and a runner failure with an ordinary
+  // wrapper exit; real nonzero command exits must remain `completed`.
+  if (proc.status === 'killed') {
+    return { status: 'killed', detail: proc.signal !== null ? `signal: ${proc.signal}` : 'killed before exit' }
+  }
+  return { status: 'completed', detail: `exit code: ${proc.exitCode ?? 0}` }
+}

packages/bash/tool-bash/src/index.ts

@@ -1,96 +1,52 @@
 /**
- * The model-facing bash tools: `bash`, `bash_output`, `bash_kill`. Pure
- * schema + text shaping — every process concern lives behind the `ctx.bash`
- * executor seam (`@deepseek-ai/dsh-bash`), so sandbox/permission/remote
- * executor implementations swap in without touching what the model sees.
- *
- * Background notifications: when a background task completes, a short notice
- * is injected into the owning agent's session (`agent.inject()` — the
- * documented context seam). Injection is durable context for the NEXT model
- * request, not a wake-up: an idle agent stays idle until something sends a
- * message, which is why the tool descriptions tell the model to poll with
- * `bash_output`.
- *
- * Task ownership: a background task's OWNER is an opaque token — the owning
- * agent's `session.header.id` — passed to the executor at spawn
- * (`resolve({ …, owner })`) and stored ON THE TASK inside the executor
- * (`@deepseek-ai/dsh-bash`'s `ownerOf(id)` seam), NOT in a plugin-local map.
- * `bash_output`/`bash_kill` compare `ctx.bash.ownerOf(id)` to the caller's token
- * and reject a task owned by a DIFFERENT session (`owner !== undefined && owner
- * !== caller`); an unowned task (no token — started by a non-agent caller) is
- * open to anyone. Task ids are global and predictable (`bash-1`, …); under
- * multi-session ACP (RFC 011) this token check is the fence that stops one
- * session's agent from reading or killing another session's background task.
- *
- * Storing the token on the task in the EXECUTOR (disposed with the `dsh-bash`
- * fiber), rather than in this plugin, is what makes ownership survive a
- * `tool-bash` HMR reload — a reload that reset a plugin-local map would orphan
- * a task spawned before it. (The `onTaskDone` listener is still effect-scoped
- * to this plugin's `apply`, so a
- * completion landing during the reload gap still drops its one notice — the
- * pre-existing reload-gap drop — but the ownership fence itself is HMR-proof.)
- *
- * Commands run with the executor's full authority unless a sandboxing
- * executor (`@deepseek-ai/dsh-bash-sandbox`) confines them; per-call
- * allow/deny/ask policy is the `tools/pre-execute` waterfall — see
- * docs/architecture.md § Extension And Composition. Under a sandboxing
- * executor this plugin also advertises the ESCALATION surface
- * (`sandbox_permissions`/`justification` — the sandbox RFC § Escalation,
- * docs/rfc/implemented/feature/2026-07-06-sandbox.md): a command the
- * sandbox denied may be retried once under a strictly wider mode, resolved
- * through `ctx.approval` BEFORE anything executes and failing closed on every
- * unanswerable path. The fields exist only when the mounted executor reports
- * a confining default (`ctx.bash.sandboxMode`) — a lever is never advertised
- * that the composition cannot honor.
- *
- * Per-session mode switching (the sandbox RFC § Per-session mode switching): a session may carry a
- * standing sandbox-mode override — the `sandbox/mode` event fold from
- * `@deepseek-ai/dsh-bash` — which this plugin makes real at EXECUTION: each
- * call is stamped `escalation grant > session override > executor default`.
- * The prompt deliberately does NOT state the mode and no switch is narrated:
- * the model learns the boundary from the denial marker (which names the mode
- * it ran under) exactly when it matters, instead of preemptively refusing
- * work a standing declaration would discourage.
+ * Model-facing `bash` tool over the `ctx.bash` executor seam. Background calls
+ * register process handles with `ctx.tasks`; their work uses task cancellation
+ * rather than the tool-call signal after an id is returned.
  *
+ * TODO(permissions): deployment policy belongs in `tools/pre-execute` and
+ * sandboxing executors; see docs/architecture.md § Extending The Harness.
  * @module @deepseek-ai/dsh-tool-bash
  */
 
 import type { Context } from 'cordis'
+import z from 'schemastery'
 import { isAbsolute, resolve as resolvePath } from 'node:path'
 import { defineTool } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-tools'
 import type { GenericCallView, TerminalCallView, ToolExecution, ToolResult, ToolResultView } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-tools'
 import type { Agent } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-agent'
 import type {} from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-system-prompt'
-// Side-effect type import: declaration-merges `ctx.approval`, consumed
-// opportunistically by the escalation gate (`ctx.get('approval')` — the seam
-// stays optional at runtime, same pattern as dsh-tools' ask routing).
+import type {} from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-tasks'
 import type {} from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-user-approval'
 import type { SandboxMode } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-sandbox'
-import {
-  ESCALATION_TARGETS,
-  approveEscalation,
-  escalationHintMarker,
-  sandboxDenialMarker,
-  validateEscalationArgs,
-} from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-sandbox'
+import { ESCALATION_TARGETS, approveEscalation, validateEscalationArgs } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-sandbox'
 import { effectiveSandboxMode } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-sandbox-policy'
-import { BashTaskId, OwnerToken } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-bash'
-import type { BashTask } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-bash'
-import { parseExitStatus, renderResult } from './render.ts'
+import { processOutcome } from './background.ts'
+import { parseExitStatus, renderProcessRead, renderResult } from './render.ts'
 
 export const name = 'tool-bash'
 export const inject = ['tools', 'bash', 'systemPrompt']
 
-/**
- * Validate the constraints the SchemaSpec can't express. `defineTool` now
- * validates parsed args against the SchemaSpec before `execute` runs (the
- * arg-validation RFC), so type/required/enum checks are already done and `args`
- * is the validated `InferArgs` shape here. What remains are value constraints
- * the DSL has no vocabulary for: non-empty strings, a positive finite timeout,
- * and the escalation pairing (`sandbox_permissions` and `justification` travel
- * together — an approval prompt without a reason, or a reason driving nothing,
- * is a malformed ask).
- */
+/** Configures whether the model may background commands. */
+export interface Config {
+  /** Expose `run_in_background` (default true); disabled calls are also rejected. */
+  enableRunInBackground?: boolean
+}
+
+export const Config: z<Config> = z.object({
+  enableRunInBackground: z.boolean().default(true),
+})
+
+/** Parsed tool args; execute validates value constraints absent from SchemaSpec. */
+interface BashToolArgs {
+  command: string
+  description: string
+  timeoutMs?: number
+  workdir?: string
+  run_in_background?: boolean
+  sandbox_permissions?: string
+  justification?: string
+}
+
 function validateBashArgs(args: BashToolArgs): void {
   if (args.command.trim().length === 0) {
     throw new Error('invalid command: expected a non-empty string')
@@ -106,95 +62,38 @@ function validateBashArgs(args: BashToolArgs): void {
   validateEscalationArgs(args.sandbox_permissions, args.justification)
 }
 
-/**
- * Reject an empty `task_id`. Type and presence are guaranteed by the
- * SchemaSpec validation (the arg-validation RFC); only the non-empty constraint, which the
- * DSL can't express, is left to check here.
- */
-function validateTaskId(value: string): BashTaskId {
-  if (value.length === 0) {
-    throw new Error(`invalid task_id: expected a string, got ${JSON.stringify(value)}`)
-  }
-  return BashTaskId(value)
-}
-
-/**
- * The bash tool's validated argument shape — the base parameters plus the two
- * escalation fields, which are ADVERTISED only when the mounted executor
- * reports a confining default mode (absent from the schema otherwise, so the
- * SchemaSpec validator rejects them before `execute` ever sees one).
- */
-interface BashToolArgs {
-  command: string
-  description: string
-  timeoutMs?: number
-  workdir?: string
-  run_in_background?: boolean
-  sandbox_permissions?: string
-  justification?: string
-}
-
-/**
- * The bash tool's static description. The base text is byte-stable regardless
- * of composition (it is part of the pinned snapshot header); the escalation
- * teaching rides only when the mounted executor actually honors the fields —
- * it names the ONE sanctioned exception to the base text's "do not retry
- * another way" rule. Its deference clause ("If the session states approval
- * prompts are disabled…") points at the approval plugin's never-policy prompt
- * sentence by meaning, not by parsed wording — a rendezvous kept working by
- * that sentence continuing to open with the approvals-disabled claim.
- */
-function bashDescription(escalationModes: readonly SandboxMode[]): string {
+function bashDescription(backgroundEnabled: boolean, escalationModes: readonly SandboxMode[]): string {
+  const background = backgroundEnabled
+    ? 'Set `run_in_background: true` for long-running commands: the call returns a task id immediately; read its output with `task_output` and stop it with `task_kill`.'
+    : 'Background execution is not available; long-running commands must finish within the timeout.'
   const base = 'Execute a bash command (`bash -c`) and return its stdout/stderr. '
     + 'Each call runs in a fresh shell: no state (cwd, variables, functions) persists between calls — '
     + 'pass `workdir` instead of using `cd`. Non-zero exits are reported as `[exit code: N]`. '
-    + 'Commands may run under a file sandbox; a blocked file operation is reported as `[sandbox: file access denied under <mode> mode]` — a policy denial, not a bug in the command; do not retry another way (a background task reports the same marker via bash_output once it has finished). '
+    + 'Commands may run under a file sandbox; a blocked file operation is reported as `[sandbox: file access denied under <mode> mode]` — a policy denial, not a bug in the command; do not retry another way. '
     + 'Long output is truncated to its tail; the full output is saved to a file whose path is reported when available. '
-    + 'Set `run_in_background: true` for long-running commands: the call returns a task id immediately; '
-    + 'poll it with `bash_output` and stop it with `bash_kill`.'
+    + background
   if (escalationModes.length === 0) return base
   return base + ' Attempting a command the sandbox may deny is safe and expected: run it and read the '
-    + 'marker rather than assuming the denial. When a command IS denied and a wider mode would let it '
-    + 'succeed, escalate immediately in the SAME turn — the ONE sanctioned exception to a denial: retry '
+    + 'marker rather than assuming the denial. When a command is denied and a wider mode would let it '
+    + 'succeed, escalate immediately in the same turn — the one sanctioned exception to a denial: retry '
     + 'the exact same command once with `sandbox_permissions` (the narrowest wider mode that suffices) '
     + 'plus a one-sentence `justification`. Do not detour through chat to ask permission first — the '
-    + 'approval prompt raised by that retry IS how the user consents. If the session states approval '
+    + 'approval prompt raised by that retry is how the user consents. If the session states approval '
     + 'prompts are disabled, there is no exception: a denial is final — do not set `sandbox_permissions`. '
-    + 'Never escalate speculatively: ground the request in a real denial — normally the one THIS command '
+    + 'Never escalate speculatively: ground the request in a real denial — normally the one this command '
     + 'just hit; escalating up front is fine only when this session already denied the same access. '
-    + 'A rejected escalation is final for THAT command — stop and explain, never work around '
+    + 'A rejected escalation is final for that command — stop and explain, never work around '
     + 'it — but it does not forbid attempting or escalating other commands later.'
 }
 
-// Pure tool-owned presentation used for both live events and replay.
-
 /**
- * Pending-state presentation for a `bash` call. The TITLE is the exact `command`
- * — a `kind: 'execute'` card is rendered as a terminal whose header label IS the
- * title, and an execute-kind card HIDES `rawInput` (Zed: `should_show_raw_input
- * = !is_terminal_tool`), so the command must BE the title to be seen. This
- * mirrors the reference ACP adapters (claude-agent-acp, codex-acp), which both
- * use the bare command as an execute tool's title. The model-written
- * `description` (a readable summary) rides as a `content` text block shown ABOVE
- * the card. (Note: claude-agent-acp DROPS the description in terminal mode and
- * shows only the card; surfacing it as a content block is a deliberate
- * divergence here — we keep the human summary visible alongside the card.)
- * `rawInput` still carries the bare command for non-execute UIs that DO render it.
- *
- * `terminal` marks the call so a capable UI renders a TERMINAL card — but ONLY a
- * FOREGROUND run is a terminal: a `run_in_background` call returns a task id
- * immediately (it never streams a terminal; its output is polled via
- * `bash_output`), so it is NOT marked terminal and renders as an ordinary
- * execute card. For a foreground run the `terminal.cwd` (header) is the model
- * `workdir` when given — ABSOLUTE as-is, RELATIVE for the UI bridge to resolve
- * against the session cwd; when omitted the bridge fills the session workspace
- * cwd (this PURE presenter, args only, can't see it).
+ * Present foreground calls as terminals and background starts as generic cards.
+ * The command remains the title on both paths; foreground cwd is passed through
+ * for the bridge to resolve, while background descriptions remain card content.
  */
 type BashCallArgs = { command: string; description: string; workdir?: string; run_in_background?: boolean }
 
 function presentBashCall(args: BashCallArgs): GenericCallView | TerminalCallView {
-  // A background start is not an interactive terminal — a generic execute card
-  // with the command as rawInput and the description as a content block.
   if (args.run_in_background === true) {
     return {
       card: 'generic',
@@ -204,8 +103,6 @@ function presentBashCall(args: BashCallArgs): GenericCallView | TerminalCallView
       content: [{ type: 'text', text: args.description }],
     }
   }
-  // A foreground run IS a terminal: the command titles the card, the description
-  // renders above it, and the cwd (when the model gave a workdir) heads it.
   return {
     card: 'terminal',
     title: args.command,
@@ -215,57 +112,24 @@ function presentBashCall(args: BashCallArgs): GenericCallView | TerminalCallView
 }
 
 /**
- * Completed-state presentation for a `bash` call. Two parallel renderings of the
- * same output: `terminal.output` for a UI that shows a terminal card (the run's
- * stdout/stderr + status markers, exactly as the model sees them — the RAW text,
- * newlines preserved, since a terminal renderer relies on exact bytes), and a
- * fenced ```console `content` block as the fallback for a UI without terminal
- * support (the fences are a UI-only affordance, so they live here, not in the
- * model-facing result; the fenced body is trimmed of trailing blank lines for a
- * tidy block). A capable UI also gets an exit-status pill from `terminal.exitCode`
- * / `terminal.signal`, parsed from the status markers `renderResult` appended.
- *
- * Terminal output/exit is suppressed for results that are NOT a finished
- * foreground run: a `run_in_background` start (`isBackground` — the text is a
- * task-id ack, not a streamed run) and an `isError` result (a spawn failure or
- * abort — there is no real process exit to pill, and the body is an error
- * message, not `renderResult` output, so parsing it would be meaningless). Those
- * return a `generic` result whose content is the fenced ```console block. A
- * finished foreground run returns a `terminal` result carrying the RAW output
- * and the parsed exit status; the BRIDGE derives the fenced fallback from
- * `output` for a UI without terminal support, so the tool does not double-encode
- * it. A non-text result (unexpected for bash) falls through to `undefined`.
+ * Present completed foreground output as a terminal; background acknowledgements
+ * and execution errors use generic fenced output without an exit-status pill.
  */
 function presentBashResult(args: unknown, result: ToolResult): ToolResultView | undefined {
   const block = result.content.length === 1 ? result.content[0] : undefined
   if (block === undefined || block.type !== 'text') return undefined
   const raw = block.text
   const isBackground = typeof args === 'object' && args !== null && (args as { run_in_background?: unknown }).run_in_background === true
-  // A background ack or an errored run is not a real terminal exit: render the
-  // fenced ```console fallback as generic content (no exit pill).
+  // Background acknowledgements and errors have no terminal exit status.
   if (isBackground || result.isError) {
     return { card: 'generic', content: [{ type: 'text', text: `\`\`\`console\n${raw.replace(/\n+$/, '')}\n\`\`\`` }] }
   }
-  // A finished foreground run: RAW output + parsed exit for the terminal card.
-  // The bridge derives the no-capability fenced fallback from `output`.
   return { card: 'terminal', output: raw, ...parseExitStatus(raw) }
 }
 
-/** Pending-state presentation for `bash_output`/`bash_kill` (background-task tools). */
-function presentTaskCall(verb: string, args: { task_id: string }): GenericCallView {
-  return { card: 'generic', title: `${verb} background task ${args.task_id}`, kind: 'execute', rawInput: args.task_id }
-}
-
 /**
- * Resolve the working directory for a bash call. Precedence: an explicit model
- * `workdir` wins; otherwise default to the calling agent's session cwd
- * (`session.header.cwd`) so each ACP session's commands run in ITS workspace,
- * not the server's launch dir. A RELATIVE model `workdir` is resolved against
- * the session cwd (the tool tells the model to pass `workdir` instead of `cd`,
- * so a relative one should be relative to the session's root, not `process.cwd()`).
- * Returns `undefined` when neither is available (no agent / headerless session /
- * no session cwd) — the executor then applies its own config/`process.cwd()`
- * default, preserving today's non-ACP behavior.
+ * Resolve an explicit workdir first, making a relative one session-cwd-relative;
+ * otherwise use the session cwd and leave executor defaulting as the fallback.
  */
 function resolveWorkdir(modelWorkdir: string | undefined, exec: { agent?: Agent }): string | undefined {
   const sessionCwd = exec.agent?.session.header.cwd
@@ -276,102 +140,11 @@ function resolveWorkdir(modelWorkdir: string | undefined, exec: { agent?: Agent
   return modelWorkdir
 }
 
-/** Status line for background task reads. */
-function statusLine(task: BashTask): string {
-  switch (task.status) {
-    case 'running': return '[status: running]'
-    case 'killed': return `[status: killed${task.signal !== null ? ` by ${task.signal}` : ''}]`
-    case 'completed': return `[status: completed, exit code: ${task.exitCode ?? 0}]`
-  }
-}
-
-export function apply(ctx: Context): void {
-  // The bash tools' cross-call HABIT, which the per-tool descriptions cannot
-  // carry (they describe one call each): the exit-code marker is only useful
-  // if the model actually checks it every time.
-  ctx.systemPrompt.section({
-    name: 'tool:bash',
-    order: 105,
-    text: 'Check the [exit code: N] marker on every bash result; investigate failures before moving on.',
-  })
-
-  /**
-   * The caller's owner TOKEN — the owning agent's `session.header.id`, or
-   * `undefined` for a non-agent caller. Read `session.header.id` (NOT
-   * `session.id`): every other subsystem keys off the header id (the ACP bridge,
-   * both persistence backends), and the sibling `resolveWorkdir` already reads
-   * `session.header.cwd`, so using `session.id` here would be the asymmetry smell
-   * the conventions flag. The two are equal in production, but the header is the
-   * canonical identity.
-   */
-  const callerToken = (exec: { agent?: Agent }): OwnerToken | undefined =>
-    exec.agent ? OwnerToken(exec.agent.session.header.id) : undefined
-
-  /**
-   * Authorize a `bash_output`/`bash_kill` call against the task's stored owner
-   * token. Rejects when the task HAS an owner and it differs from the caller's
-   * token — using `!== undefined` semantics, NOT truthiness, so an empty-string
-   * token is still a real owner (never treated as unowned). An unowned task
-   * (`ownerOf` returns `undefined`) is allowed; a truly unknown id is also
-   * `undefined` here and then fails loudly at the subsequent
-   * `readOutput`/`kill` ("unknown bash task"). The conservative no-agent caller
-   * (`callerToken` undefined) cannot match an owned task and is rejected.
-   */
-  const assertTaskAccess = (taskId: BashTaskId, exec: { agent?: Agent }): void => {
-    const owner = ctx.bash.ownerOf(taskId)
-    if (owner !== undefined && owner !== callerToken(exec)) {
-      throw new Error(`task ${taskId} belongs to another session`)
-    }
-  }
-
-  // Background completion → inject a notice into the owning agent's session.
-  // Find the live agent by its session id token via the agent registry, read
-  // opportunistically with `ctx.get('agents')` (NOT `ctx.agents`/static inject):
-  // this listener runs from `task.done.then` on the bash fiber — a foreign
-  // fiber — where the `ctx.agents` property proxy would throw through the
-  // traceable shadow; `ctx.get(name)` is the topology-independent lookup. No
-  // registry mounted (`undefined`) → drop the notice. Match on
-  // `agent.session.header.id`, NOT the registry key: a config agent's id differs
-  // from its session id, and the owner token IS the session id.
-  ctx.bash.onTaskDone((task) => {
-    const ownerToken = ctx.bash.ownerOf(task.id)
-    if (ownerToken === undefined) return
-    const agent = ctx.get('agents')?.list().find(a => OwnerToken(a.session.header.id) === ownerToken)
-    if (!agent) return
-    try {
-      agent.inject(
-        [{ type: 'text', text: `background bash task ${task.id} finished ${statusLine(task)}. Read its output with bash_output.` }],
-        { source: { kind: 'plugin', plugin: 'tool-bash' } },
-      )
-    } catch (error: unknown) {
-      // The ONE expected failure: the agent was disposed between task
-      // completion and this injection (ReactLoopAgent.inject throws
-      // `agent "<id>" is disposed`). That race is benign — drop the notice.
-      // Anything else is a real bug and must surface, not be swallowed.
-      if (error instanceof Error && error.message.includes('is disposed')) return
-      throw error
-    }
-  })
-
-  // The escalation surface exists whenever the mounted executor confines.
-  // Its enum is the closed target vocabulary, deliberately NOT cut down by
-  // the configured default: a session may switch to a narrower effective mode
-  // while sharing this globally registered schema. Strict widening therefore
-  // belongs to the per-call check below. An executor swap restarts this fiber
-  // (static inject) and re-registers the schema.
+export function apply(ctx: Context, config: Config): void {
+  const backgroundEnabled = config.enableRunInBackground ?? true
   const defaultMode = ctx.bash.sandboxMode
   const escalationModes: readonly SandboxMode[] = defaultMode === undefined ? [] : ESCALATION_TARGETS
 
-  /**
-   * The session's standing mode override for an ordinary (non-escalating)
-   * call: the `sandbox/mode` fold of the calling agent's log, stamped
-   * onto the request so EXECUTION follows the same effective mode the prompt
-   * section states. Weakest precedence — an escalation grant (freshly
-   * approved for exactly this call) outranks it, and without either the
-   * executor's `resolve()` applies its configured default. Undefined for a
-   * non-sandboxing executor (nothing honors it) and for agent-less callers
-   * (no session to fold).
-   */
   const sessionOverride = (exec: ToolExecution): SandboxMode | undefined =>
     defaultMode === undefined || exec.agent === undefined ? undefined : effectiveSandboxMode(exec.agent.session.events)
 
@@ -382,9 +155,9 @@ export function apply(ctx: Context): void {
    * {@link approveEscalation}. This tool contributes only the composition
    * guard (the fields are unadvertised without a sandboxing executor, yet
    * schema validation checks advertised keys only, so an unadvertised
-   * `sandbox_permissions` still reaches execute) and the channel closure over
-   * `ctx.approval` — consumed opportunistically (`ctx.get`, the dsh-tools
-   * ask-routing pattern) so a deployment without it degrades per call.
+   * `sandbox_permissions` still reaches execute) and the approval ingredients
+   * — the seam is consumed opportunistically (`ctx.get`) so a deployment
+   * without it degrades per call.
    */
   const approveBashEscalation = (mode: string, justification: string, exec: ToolExecution): Promise<SandboxMode> => {
     if (escalationModes.length === 0) {
@@ -403,9 +176,16 @@ export function apply(ctx: Context): void {
     )
   }
 
+  // Cross-call guidance belongs in the prompt rather than one-call schema prose.
+  ctx.systemPrompt.section({
+    name: 'tool:bash',
+    order: 105,
+    text: 'Check the [exit code: N] marker on every bash result; investigate failures before moving on.',
+  })
+
   ctx.tools.register(defineTool({
     name: 'bash',
-    description: bashDescription(escalationModes),
+    description: bashDescription(backgroundEnabled, escalationModes),
     parameters: {
       command: { type: 'string', required: true, description: 'The bash command to execute.' },
       description: {
@@ -417,117 +197,69 @@ export function apply(ctx: Context): void {
       },
       timeoutMs: { type: 'number', description: 'Timeout in milliseconds. The executor applies its configured default and cap, and kills the command on expiry.' },
       workdir: { type: 'string', description: 'Working directory for this command. Defaults to the session workspace; a relative path is resolved against it.' },
-      run_in_background: { type: 'boolean', description: 'Run in the background and return a task id immediately. No timeout applies.' },
+      ...backgroundEnabled ? {
+        run_in_background: { type: 'boolean' as const, description: 'Run in the background and return a task id immediately (collect with task_output, stop with task_kill). No timeout applies.' },
+      } : {},
       ...escalationModes.length > 0 ? {
         sandbox_permissions: {
           type: 'string' as const,
           enum: [...escalationModes],
-          description: 'The wider sandbox mode this command needs. Only valid as a one-shot retry '
-            + 'of a command the sandbox just denied; requires justification and user approval.',
+          description: 'The wider sandbox mode this command needs. Only valid as a one-shot retry of a command the sandbox just denied; requires justification and user approval.',
         },
         justification: {
           type: 'string' as const,
-          description: 'Required with sandbox_permissions: one sentence for the user explaining '
-            + 'why this exact command needs the wider access.',
+          description: 'Required with sandbox_permissions: one sentence for the user explaining why this exact command needs the wider access.',
         },
       } : {},
     },
     async execute(args: BashToolArgs, exec) {
       validateBashArgs(args)
-      // `description` is display/logging metadata only (surfaced to UIs via
-      // the tool/call session event); it is intentionally NOT forwarded to
-      // ctx.bash and has no effect on execution.
-      // An escalating call resolves approval BEFORE anything executes; every
-      // non-grant outcome throws its distinct error text and runs nothing.
-      // (validateBashArgs pinned the pairing, so the double narrow is exact.)
-      // An ordinary call carries the session's standing override instead —
-      // grant > session override > executor default (see sessionOverride).
+      // Description is display metadata; workdir defaults to the caller's session.
       const sandboxMode = args.sandbox_permissions !== undefined && args.justification !== undefined
         ? await approveBashEscalation(args.sandbox_permissions, args.justification, exec)
         : sessionOverride(exec)
-      // Default the workdir to the calling agent's session cwd so each ACP
-      // session runs in its own workspace (see resolveWorkdir); an explicit
-      // model workdir still wins.
       const workdir = resolveWorkdir(args.workdir, exec)
       const request = {
         command: args.command,
         ...workdir !== undefined ? { workdir } : {},
         ...args.timeoutMs !== undefined ? { timeoutMs: args.timeoutMs } : {},
-        ...exec.signal ? { signal: exec.signal } : {},
         ...sandboxMode !== undefined ? { sandboxMode } : {},
       }
       if (args.run_in_background === true) {
-        // Stamp the owner token (the agent's session id) onto the spec so the
-        // executor stores it on the task — the isolation fence for bash_output/
-        // bash_kill. Foreground runs pass no owner (they finish inline; nothing
-        // to fence).
-        const task = ctx.bash.start(ctx.bash.resolve({ ...request, owner: callerToken(exec) }))
-        return [{ type: 'text', text: `started background task ${task.id}` }]
+        // Undeclared keys are allowed, so schema omission also needs enforcement.
+        if (!backgroundEnabled) {
+          throw new Error('run_in_background is disabled for this deployment (enableRunInBackground: false)')
+        }
+        const tasks = ctx.get('tasks')
+        if (tasks === undefined) {
+          throw new Error('background tasks unavailable: load @deepseek-ai/dsh-tasks and @deepseek-ai/dsh-tool-tasks')
+        }
+        // Reject pre-start cancellation; returned tasks use their own lifecycle.
+        if (exec.signal?.aborted) throw new Error('command aborted')
+        // Task preflight finishes before the starter can spawn a process.
+        const id = tasks.start({
+          kind: 'bash',
+          label: args.command,
+          ...exec.agent ? { owner: exec.agent } : {},
+          run: () => {
+            const proc = ctx.bash.start(ctx.bash.resolve(request))
+            return {
+              cancel: () => void proc.kill(),
+              done: proc.done.then(() => processOutcome(proc)),
+              readOutput: () => renderProcessRead(proc.readOutput(), proc.sandbox, escalationModes),
+            }
+          },
+        })
+        return [{ type: 'text', text: `started background task ${id}` }]
       }
-      const result = await ctx.bash.run(ctx.bash.resolve(request))
+      const result = await ctx.bash.run(ctx.bash.resolve({
+        ...request,
+        ...exec.signal ? { signal: exec.signal } : {},
+      }))
       if (result.aborted) throw new Error('command aborted')
       return [{ type: 'text', text: renderResult(result, escalationModes) }]
     },
     presentCall: presentBashCall,
     presentResult: presentBashResult,
   }))
-
-  ctx.tools.register(defineTool({
-    name: 'bash_output',
-    description: 'Read new output from a background bash task started with `bash` + `run_in_background`. '
-      + 'Returns only output produced since the previous bash_output call, plus the task status. '
-      + 'Tasks keep running while you do other work; poll again later for more output.',
-    parameters: {
-      task_id: { type: 'string', required: true, description: 'Task id returned by the bash tool.' },
-    },
-    // execute is synchronous (registry reads + string shaping) but the
-    // ToolDefinition contract wants a Promise — hence resolve(), not async.
-    execute(args, exec) {
-      const id = validateTaskId(args.task_id)
-      assertTaskAccess(id, exec)
-      const read = ctx.bash.readOutput(id)
-      let text = read.delta.length > 0 ? read.delta : '(no new output)'
-      if (read.lossy) {
-        const paths = [read.stdoutSpillPath, read.stderrSpillPath].filter((p): p is string => p !== undefined)
-        const fullOutput = paths.length > 0 ? paths.join(', ') : '(unavailable)'
-        text += `\n[some output was dropped from memory; full output: ${fullOutput}]`
-      }
-      text += `\n${statusLine(read.task)}`
-      if (read.task.sandbox?.runnerFailed) {
-        // The sandbox RUNNER itself failed — the command never ran. The
-        // foreground path surfaces this as the structured SANDBOX_UNAVAILABLE
-        // error; a settled task's read carries the marker instead.
-        text += `\n[sandbox: the sandbox runner itself failed under ${read.task.sandbox.mode} mode — the command did not run; this is a sandbox problem, not a command failure]`
-      } else if (read.task.sandbox?.denied) {
-        // Mirrors the foreground result marker (and its same-turn escalation
-        // hint). Background denials are only classifiable once the task
-        // settles (the classifier needs the whole stderr), so the marker
-        // rides every read that sees the settled task.
-        text += `\n${sandboxDenialMarker(read.task.sandbox.mode)}`
-        if (escalationModes.length > 0) {
-          text += `\n${escalationHintMarker('command')}`
-        }
-      }
-      return Promise.resolve([{ type: 'text', text }])
-    },
-    presentCall: args => presentTaskCall('Read output from', args),
-  }))
-
-  ctx.tools.register(defineTool({
-    name: 'bash_kill',
-    description: 'Ask the executor to kill a running background bash task by task id.',
-    parameters: {
-      task_id: { type: 'string', required: true, description: 'Task id returned by the bash tool.' },
-    },
-    execute(args, exec) {
-      const id = validateTaskId(args.task_id)
-      assertTaskAccess(id, exec)
-      const killed = ctx.bash.kill(id)
-      return Promise.resolve([{
-        type: 'text',
-        text: killed ? `killed background task ${id}` : `task ${id} had already finished`,
-      }])
-    },
-    presentCall: args => presentTaskCall('Kill', args),
-  }))
 }

packages/bash/tool-bash/src/render.ts

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  * @module @deepseek-ai/dsh-tool-bash/render
  */
 
-import type { BashRunResult, CollectedOutput } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-bash'
+import type { BashProcessRead, BashRunResult, BashSandboxInfo, CollectedOutput } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-bash'
 import type { SandboxMode } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-sandbox'
 import { escalationHintMarker, sandboxDenialMarker } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-sandbox'
 
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ function streamText(output: CollectedOutput): string {
 
 /**
  * Shape one finished run into the text the model sees: stdout, then a marked
- * stderr section, then exit-status markers. Non-zero exits are REPORTED, not
+ * stderr section, then exit-status markers. Non-zero exits are reported, not
  * errored — the model decides how to react; only infrastructure failures
  * (spawn errors, aborts) surface as isError results.
  * @param result - the completed foreground run from the executor.
@@ -41,23 +41,15 @@ export function renderResult(
   if (body.length === 0) body = '(no output)'
 
   const markers: string[] = []
-  // The sandbox marker precedes the exit-status markers so `[exit code: N]`
-  // stays the LAST line (exitStatus() anchors its parse there). Denial is a
-  // reported fact like timeout: the model decides how to react.
+  // Keep the exit marker last because parseExitStatus anchors there.
   if (result.sandbox?.denied) {
     markers.push(sandboxDenialMarker(result.sandbox.mode))
-    // The same-turn nudge lives at the decision point: only when this
-    // composition advertises the fields (a lever is never hinted that the
-    // schema does not offer), and inside the sandbox marker family so the
-    // exit-code marker stays the last line.
+    // Hint only when the composition exposes escalation, before the final exit marker.
     if (escalationModes.length > 0) {
       markers.push(escalationHintMarker('command'))
     }
   }
-  // Timeout is reported independently of how the process actually ended: a
-  // command can trap SIGTERM and exit 0 after our timer fired (e.g.
-  // `trap "exit 0" TERM; sleep 60`), giving timedOut:true / exitCode:0 /
-  // signal:null — the model must still see that the command was cut short.
+  // A command may trap SIGTERM and exit 0 after timeout; still report interruption.
   if (result.timedOut) markers.push(`[timed out after ${result.timeoutMs}ms]`)
   if (result.signal !== null) {
     markers.push(`[killed by signal: ${result.signal}]`)
@@ -70,6 +62,38 @@ export function renderResult(
   return body + markers.join('\n')
 }
 
+/**
+ * Shape one background-process read into the `task_output` delta the model
+ * sees: the incremental delta, plus the lossy-read notice (with full-stream
+ * spill paths) when in-memory truncation dropped unread bytes. Empty-delta
+ * rendering (`(no new output)`) is the generic control surface's job.
+ * @param read - one incremental read from the process handle.
+ * @param sandbox - settled sandbox facts, when this was a confined process.
+ * @param escalationModes - escalation targets advertised by this composition.
+ * @returns the delta text with any loss or sandbox notice appended.
+ */
+export function renderProcessRead(
+  read: BashProcessRead,
+  sandbox?: BashSandboxInfo,
+  escalationModes: readonly SandboxMode[] = [],
+): string {
+  const notices: string[] = []
+  if (read.lossy) {
+    const paths = [read.stdoutSpillPath, read.stderrSpillPath].filter((path): path is string => path !== undefined)
+    notices.push(`[some output was dropped from memory; full output: ${paths.length > 0 ? paths.join(', ') : '(unavailable)'}]`)
+  }
+  if (sandbox?.runnerFailed) {
+    notices.push(`[sandbox: the sandbox runner itself failed under ${sandbox.mode} mode — the command did not run; this is a sandbox problem, not a command failure]`)
+  } else if (sandbox?.denied) {
+    notices.push(sandboxDenialMarker(sandbox.mode))
+    if (escalationModes.length > 0) {
+      notices.push(escalationHintMarker('command'))
+    }
+  }
+  if (notices.length === 0) return read.delta
+  return `${read.delta}${read.delta.length > 0 && !read.delta.endsWith('\n') ? '\n' : ''}${notices.join('\n')}`
+}
+
 /**
  * Recover the structured exit status from a rendered {@link renderResult}
  * string — the inverse of the status markers it appends. A killed marker

packages/bash/tool-bash/tests/integration.spec.ts

@@ -7,15 +7,17 @@ import SystemPrompt from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-system-prompt'
 import ToolRegistry from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-tools'
 import AgentRegistry, { AgentId } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-agent'
 import AgentLoop, { ReactLoopAgent } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-agent-loop'
+import TaskService from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-tasks'
+import * as ToolTasks from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-tool-tasks'
 import { LocalBashExecutor } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-bash-local'
-import { BashTaskId } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-bash'
 import * as ToolBash from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-tool-bash'
 import { MockAdapter, textResponse, toolCallResponse } from '../../../core/agent-loop/tests/mock-adapter.ts'
 
 /**
  * Full-loop integration: a scripted mock model drives the REAL bash tool
  * through the agent loop, exercising the same seams a live model would
- * (tool/call + tool/result session events, agent.inject notifications).
+ * (tool/call + tool/result session events, the generic `ctx.tasks` runtime,
+ * agent.inject completion notices).
  */
 async function harness(adapter: MockAdapter) {
   const ctx = new Context()
@@ -25,6 +27,8 @@ async function harness(adapter: MockAdapter) {
   await ctx.plugin(ToolRegistry)
   await ctx.plugin(AgentRegistry)
   await ctx.plugin(AgentLoop, { agents: [] })
+  await ctx.plugin(TaskService)
+  await ctx.plugin(ToolTasks)
   await ctx.plugin(LocalBashExecutor, { timeoutMs: 10_000 })
   await ctx.plugin(ToolBash)
   ctx.llm.registerAdapter(['mock'], adapter)
@@ -67,6 +71,16 @@ function resultText(event: SessionEvent): string {
     .join('')
 }
 
+/** Poll until `predicate` holds (background settlement races turn end). */
+async function pollUntil(predicate: () => boolean, timeoutMs = 5_000): Promise<void> {
+  const deadline = Date.now() + timeoutMs
+  while (Date.now() < deadline) {
+    if (predicate()) return
+    await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 20))
+  }
+  throw new Error(`condition not met within ${timeoutMs}ms`)
+}
+
 describe('bash tool through the agent loop', () => {
   it('foreground: model calls bash, sees the result, replies', async () => {
     const adapter = new MockAdapter([
@@ -116,46 +130,41 @@ describe('bash tool through the agent loop', () => {
     expect(resultText(toolResult)).toContain('[exit code: 9]')
   })
 
-  it('background: start → poll → completion notice lands as context/message', async () => {
+  it('background: start ack → completion notice as context/message → task_output collects it', async () => {
+    // The task id is deterministic (a fresh TaskService counts per kind from 1),
+    // so the script can name `bash-1` without threading a generated id.
     const adapter = new MockAdapter([
       toolCallResponse('call-1', 'bash', { command: 'echo bg-ok', description: 'test command', run_in_background: true }),
-      // Each harness owns a fresh BashLocal service, whose first task id is
-      // deterministically bash-1. Keep the scripted call faithful to what the
-      // model sent; tool arguments are immutable once execution policy begins.
-      toolCallResponse('call-2', 'bash_output', { task_id: 'bash-1' }, undefined),
+      textResponse('Started it in the background.'),
+      toolCallResponse('call-2', 'task_output', { task_id: 'bash-1' }),
       textResponse('Background task finished.'),
     ])
-    let taskId = ''
-
     const ctx = await harness(adapter)
     const agent = ctx.agentLoop.create(AgentId('it-bg'), { model: 'mock' })
 
-    // Capture the generated id so the deterministic fixture is checked against
-    // the real executor instead of silently assuming it.
-    ctx.on('session/event', (_session, event) => {
-      if (event.type === 'tool/result' && taskId === '') {
-        const match = /task (bash-\d+)/.exec(resultText(event))
-        if (match) taskId = match[1]!
-      }
-    })
     agent.send([{ type: 'text', text: 'run echo bg-ok in the background' }])
     await waitForIdle(ctx, agent)
 
-    expect(taskId).toBe('bash-1')
+    const firstResult = findEvent(events(agent), 'tool/result')
+    expect(firstResult.data.isError).toBe(false)
+    expect(resultText(firstResult)).toBe('started background task bash-1')
 
-    // Wait for the background task itself (completion may race turn end).
-    const task = ctx.bash.get(BashTaskId(taskId))
-    if (!task) throw new Error(`task ${taskId} not registered`)
-    await task.done
-
-    const log = events(agent)
-    const firstResult = findEvent(log, 'tool/result')
-    expect(resultText(firstResult)).toBe(`started background task ${taskId}`)
-
-    const notice = findEvent(log, 'context/message')
+    // The task settles on its own; the tool-tasks notice listener injects a
+    // durable context/message into the owning agent's session (settlement may
+    // race turn end, so poll for it).
+    await pollUntil(() => events(agent).some(event => event.type === 'context/message'))
+    const notice = findEvent(events(agent), 'context/message')
     expect(notice.data.content.some(
-      block => block.type === 'text' && block.text.includes(`background bash task ${taskId} finished`),
+      block => block.type === 'text' && block.text.includes('background task bash-1 (bash: echo bg-ok) finished'),
     )).toBe(true)
-    expect(notice.data.source).toEqual({ kind: 'plugin', plugin: 'tool-bash' })
+    expect(notice.data.source).toEqual({ kind: 'plugin', plugin: 'tool-tasks' })
+
+    // The next turn collects the output through the generic task tool.
+    agent.send([{ type: 'text', text: 'collect it' }])
+    await waitForIdle(ctx, agent)
+    const readResult = findEvent(events(agent), 'tool/result', 'last')
+    expect(readResult.data.isError).toBe(false)
+    expect(resultText(readResult)).toContain('bg-ok')
+    expect(resultText(readResult)).toContain('[status: completed, exit code: 0]')
   })
 })

packages/bash/tool-bash/tsconfig.json

@@ -14,6 +14,12 @@
     {
       "path": "../../../vendor/cordis"
     },
+    {
+      "path": "../../../vendor/schemastery"
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "../../llm/llm"
+    },
     {
       "path": "../../core/tools"
     },
@@ -23,6 +29,9 @@
     {
       "path": "../../bash/bash"
     },
+    {
+      "path": "../../tasks/tasks"
+    },
     {
       "path": "../../core/system-prompt"
     },

packages/cordis/tool-cordis/src/api-catalog.ts

@@ -84,17 +84,11 @@ export const SERVICE_API: readonly ServiceApiEntry[] = [
   },
   {
     key: 'bash',
-    summary: 'Registers one `ctx.bash` implementation.',
+    summary: 'Abstract bash execution service.',
     methods: [
       'abstract resolve(request: BashExecRequest): BashExecSpec',
       'abstract run(spec: BashExecSpec): Promise<BashRunResult>',
-      'abstract start(spec: BashExecSpec): BashTask',
-      'abstract get(id: BashTaskId): BashTask | undefined',
-      'abstract ownerOf(id: BashTaskId): OwnerToken | undefined',
-      'abstract list(): BashTask[]',
-      'abstract readOutput(id: BashTaskId): BashTaskRead',
-      'abstract kill(id: BashTaskId): boolean',
-      'onTaskDone(listener: BashTaskListener): () => void',
+      'abstract start(spec: BashExecSpec): BashProcess',
     ],
   },
   {
@@ -219,6 +213,20 @@ export const SERVICE_API: readonly ServiceApiEntry[] = [
       'async assemble(context: AssembleContext = {}): Promise<PromptAssembly>',
     ],
   },
+  {
+    key: 'tasks',
+    summary: 'The `tasks` service: the runtime-global background task registry.',
+    methods: [
+      'start(spec: TaskStart): TaskId',
+      'list(caller?: Agent): TaskSnapshot[]',
+      'get(id: TaskId, caller?: Agent): TaskSnapshot',
+      'read(id: TaskId, caller?: Agent): TaskRead',
+      'kill(id: TaskId, caller?: Agent, reason?: string): \'requested\' | \'already-finished\'',
+      'async wait(id: TaskId, timeoutMs: number, caller?: Agent, signal?: AbortSignal): Promise<TaskSnapshot>',
+      'onTaskDone(listener: TaskDoneListener): () => void',
+      'attachSurface(name: string): () => void',
+    ],
+  },
   {
     key: 'tools',
     summary: 'Tool registry and execution pipeline.',
@@ -564,39 +572,31 @@ export const TYPE_API: readonly TypeApiEntry[] = [
   },
   {
     name: 'BashExecRequest',
-    declaration: 'export interface BashExecRequest {\n    command: string;\n    workdir?: string | undefined;\n    timeoutMs?: number | undefined;\n    signal?: AbortSignal | undefined;\n    stdin?: string | undefined;\n    env?: Record<string, string> | undefined;\n    owner?: OwnerToken | undefined;\n    sandboxMode?: SandboxMode | undefined;\n}',
+    declaration: 'export interface BashExecRequest {\n    command: string;\n    workdir?: string | undefined;\n    timeoutMs?: number | undefined;\n    signal?: AbortSignal | undefined;\n    stdin?: string | undefined;\n    env?: Record<string, string> | undefined;\n    sandboxMode?: SandboxMode | undefined;\n}',
   },
   {
     name: 'BashExecSpec',
-    declaration: 'export interface BashExecSpec {\n    command: string;\n    workdir: string;\n    timeoutMs: number;\n    signal?: AbortSignal | undefined;\n    stdin?: string | undefined;\n    env?: Record<string, string> | undefined;\n    owner: OwnerToken | undefined;\n    sandboxMode: SandboxMode | undefined;\n}',
-  },
-  {
-    name: 'BashRunResult',
-    declaration: 'export interface BashRunResult {\n    exitCode: number | null;\n    signal: NodeJS.Signals | null;\n    timedOut: boolean;\n    aborted: boolean;\n    timeoutMs: number;\n    stdout: CollectedOutput;\n    stderr: CollectedOutput;\n    sandbox?: BashSandboxInfo;\n}',
+    declaration: 'export interface BashExecSpec {\n    command: string;\n    workdir: string;\n    timeoutMs: number;\n    signal?: AbortSignal | undefined;\n    stdin?: string | undefined;\n    env?: Record<string, string> | undefined;\n    sandboxMode: SandboxMode | undefined;\n}',
   },
   {
-    name: 'BashSandboxInfo',
-    declaration: 'export interface BashSandboxInfo {\n    mode: SandboxMode;\n    denied: boolean;\n    enforcement?: SandboxEnforcement;\n    runnerFailed?: boolean;\n}',
+    name: 'BashProcess',
+    declaration: 'export interface BashProcess {\n    status: BashProcessStatus;\n    exitCode: number | null;\n    signal: NodeJS.Signals | null;\n    readonly done: Promise<void>;\n    sandbox?: BashSandboxInfo;\n    readOutput(): BashProcessRead;\n    kill(): boolean;\n}',
   },
   {
-    name: 'BashTask',
-    declaration: 'export interface BashTask {\n    readonly id: BashTaskId;\n    status: BashTaskStatus;\n    exitCode: number | null;\n    signal: NodeJS.Signals | null;\n    readonly done: Promise<void>;\n    sandbox?: BashSandboxInfo;\n}',
+    name: 'BashProcessRead',
+    declaration: 'export interface BashProcessRead {\n    delta: string;\n    lossy: boolean;\n    stdoutSpillPath?: string;\n    stderrSpillPath?: string;\n}',
   },
   {
-    name: 'BashTaskId',
-    declaration: 'export type BashTaskId = Branded<\'BashTaskId\'>;',
+    name: 'BashProcessStatus',
+    declaration: 'export type BashProcessStatus = \'running\' | \'completed\' | \'killed\';',
   },
   {
-    name: 'BashTaskListener',
-    declaration: 'export type BashTaskListener = (task: BashTask) => void;',
-  },
-  {
-    name: 'BashTaskRead',
-    declaration: 'export interface BashTaskRead {\n    task: BashTask;\n    delta: string;\n    lossy: boolean;\n    stdoutSpillPath?: string;\n    stderrSpillPath?: string;\n}',
+    name: 'BashRunResult',
+    declaration: 'export interface BashRunResult {\n    exitCode: number | null;\n    signal: NodeJS.Signals | null;\n    timedOut: boolean;\n    aborted: boolean;\n    timeoutMs: number;\n    stdout: CollectedOutput;\n    stderr: CollectedOutput;\n    sandbox?: BashSandboxInfo;\n}',
   },
   {
-    name: 'BashTaskStatus',
-    declaration: 'export type BashTaskStatus = \'running\' | \'completed\' | \'killed\';',
+    name: 'BashSandboxInfo',
+    declaration: 'export interface BashSandboxInfo {\n    mode: SandboxMode;\n    denied: boolean;\n    enforcement?: SandboxEnforcement;\n    runnerFailed?: boolean;\n}',
   },
   {
     name: 'Branded',
@@ -750,10 +750,6 @@ export const TYPE_API: readonly TypeApiEntry[] = [
     name: 'MessageSourceMap',
     declaration: 'export interface MessageSourceMap {\n    user: {\n        kind: \'user\';\n    };\n    plugin: {\n        kind: \'plugin\';\n        plugin: string;\n    };\n}',
   },
-  {
-    name: 'OwnerToken',
-    declaration: 'export type OwnerToken = Branded<\'OwnerToken\'>;',
-  },
   {
     name: 'PresetOption',
     declaration: 'export interface PresetOption {\n    value: string;\n    name: string;\n    description?: string;\n}',
@@ -930,6 +926,46 @@ export const TYPE_API: readonly TypeApiEntry[] = [
     name: 'SurfaceOp',
     declaration: 'export type SurfaceOp = \'append\' | {\n    op: \'replace\';\n    start: number;\n    end: number;\n};',
   },
+  {
+    name: 'TaskDoneListener',
+    declaration: 'export type TaskDoneListener = (snapshot: TaskSnapshot, owner: Agent | undefined) => void | PromiseLike<void>;',
+  },
+  {
+    name: 'TaskHooks',
+    declaration: 'export interface TaskHooks {\n    cancel(reason?: string): void;\n    done: Promise<TaskOutcome>;\n    readOutput?(): string;\n}',
+  },
+  {
+    name: 'TaskId',
+    declaration: 'export type TaskId = Branded<\'TaskId\'>;',
+  },
+  {
+    name: 'TaskKind',
+    declaration: 'export type TaskKind = TaskKindMap[keyof TaskKindMap];',
+  },
+  {
+    name: 'TaskKindMap',
+    declaration: 'export interface TaskKindMap {\n    bash: \'bash\';\n    subagent: \'subagent\';\n}',
+  },
+  {
+    name: 'TaskOutcome',
+    declaration: 'export interface TaskOutcome {\n    status: \'completed\' | \'killed\' | \'failed\';\n    detail?: string;\n    output?: string;\n}',
+  },
+  {
+    name: 'TaskRead',
+    declaration: 'export interface TaskRead {\n    text: string;\n    snapshot: TaskSnapshot;\n}',
+  },
+  {
+    name: 'TaskSnapshot',
+    declaration: 'export interface TaskSnapshot {\n    id: TaskId;\n    kind: TaskKind;\n    label: string;\n    ownerSession?: SessionId;\n    status: TaskStatus;\n    detail?: string;\n    startedAt: number;\n    finishedAt?: number;\n    reported: boolean;\n}',
+  },
+  {
+    name: 'TaskStart',
+    declaration: 'export interface TaskStart {\n    kind: TaskKind;\n    label: string;\n    owner?: Agent;\n    run(): TaskHooks;\n}',
+  },
+  {
+    name: 'TaskStatus',
+    declaration: 'export type TaskStatus = \'running\' | \'stopping\' | \'completed\' | \'killed\' | \'failed\';',
+  },
   {
     name: 'TerminalCallView',
     declaration: 'export interface TerminalCallView {\n    card: \'terminal\';\n    title: string;\n    description?: string;\n    cwd?: string;\n}',

packages/core/agent-loop/README.md

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ Everything that goes beyond "call the model, run the tools, repeat" belongs to p
 - Hooks and policy: the relevant `agent/*` checkpoints plus the guarded `tools/pre-execute` → `tools/execute` → `tools/post-execute` → `tools/result` pipeline; exact signatures and modes live in the [generated event catalog](../../../docs/cordis-catalog/events.md)
 - Compaction: `agent/pre-step`
 - Sandbox, permission, plan mode: `tools/pre-execute` for extensible deny/ask, `tools.guard()` for monotonic owner policy, `tools/post-execute` for result decisions, and `tools/result` for final observation
-- Sub-agents: implemented outside the loop as `ctx.subagents` providers; in-process providers use `ctx.agents.create()` and owned `AgentHandle` teardown, while child streaming/progress and background/poll collection remain deferred.
+- Sub-agents: implemented outside the loop as `ctx.subagents` providers; in-process providers use `ctx.agents.create()` and owned `AgentHandle` teardown, while generic [`ctx.tasks`](../../tasks/tasks/) plus [`dsh-tool-subagent`](../../subagent/tool-subagent/) own background collection.
 - Persistence: `session/event` + `session/flush`
 - UI: `session/event` (assistant token stream, boundaries, tool activity) + `agent/*` control events (`agent/status`, `agent/created`/`agent/disposed`)
 

packages/core/agent/tests/verify-export-jsdoc.spec.ts

@@ -30,6 +30,22 @@ function fixture(files: Record<string, string>): string {
 const make = (content: string): string => fixture({ 'index.ts': content })
 
 describe('verify-export-jsdoc functions and consts', () => {
+  it('limits packages without src/* exports to declarations reachable from package entrypoints', () => {
+    const root = fixture({
+      'index.ts': "export { publicFn } from './internal.ts'\n",
+      'internal.ts': `
+export function publicFn(value: string): string { return value }
+export function hiddenFn(value: string): string { return value }
+`,
+    })
+    writeFileSync(join(root, 'packages/group/fix/package.json'), JSON.stringify({
+      exports: { '.': { types: './lib/types/index.d.ts', default: './lib/index.js' } },
+    }))
+    const violations = collectExportJsdocViolations(root)
+    expect(violations).toHaveLength(1)
+    expect(violations.every(violation => violation.includes('publicFn'))).toBe(true)
+  })
+
   it('accepts a fully documented surface', () => {
     expect(collectExportJsdocViolations(make(`
 /**

packages/core/tools/tests/gen-tool-catalog.spec.ts

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ describe('gen-tool-catalog collectToolCatalog', () => {
   it('boots every shipped tool package and harvests its model-facing schemas', async () => {
     const catalog = await collectToolCatalog()
     const names = catalog.flatMap(entry => entry.schemas.map(s => s.name)).sort()
-    expect(names).toEqual(['ask_user_question', 'bash', 'bash_kill', 'bash_output', 'cordis_inspect', 'cordis_mount', 'cordis_unmount', 'edit', 'read', 'run_code', 'skill', 'subagent', 'todo_write', 'web_fetch', 'web_search', 'workflow', 'write'])
+    expect(names).toEqual(['ask_user_question', 'bash', 'cordis_inspect', 'cordis_mount', 'cordis_unmount', 'edit', 'read', 'run_code', 'skill', 'subagent', 'task_kill', 'task_list', 'task_output', 'todo_write', 'web_fetch', 'web_search', 'workflow', 'write'])
     // Every tool carries a JSON-Schema `parameters` object (what the model sees).
     for (const entry of catalog) {
       for (const schema of entry.schemas) {

packages/examples/acp-demo/README.md

@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@ Because the package wires no logger entry, an ACP leaf has **nothing to get wron
 | `toolOrder` | — | explicit model-facing tool order (a name list with one `'<unlisted-tools>'` rest entry; absent — lexicographic; an unregistered name fails each turn at prompt assembly), routed to `dsh-system-prompt` |
 | `tools` | `{ mode: 'native' }` | tool-registry presentation config (`native` / `code` / `both`), routed through `dsh-agent-spine-demo` |
 | `skills` | owner defaults | registry-cache, local-provider, and model-facing skill-tool config, routed through `dsh-agent-spine-demo` |
+| `toolBash` | owner defaults | model-facing bash config routed through `dsh-agent-spine-demo`, including bash's producer-local `enableRunInBackground` |
+| `toolTasks` | owner defaults | generic `task_output` wait bounds routed through `dsh-agent-spine-demo` |
 | `persistenceRoot` | `./.sessions` | the JSONL backend's root directory |
 
 The leaf supplies the swappable backends: an LLM adapter (`llm-deepseek` for the real model, `llm-replay` for keyless snapshot replay) and a bash executor.

packages/examples/acp-demo/src/index.ts

@@ -41,6 +41,10 @@ export interface Config {
   persistenceRoot?: string
   /** Skill registry, local-provider, and model-facing consumer config forwarded to agent-spine-demo. */
   skills?: agentCore.SkillConfig
+  /** Model-facing bash tool config forwarded through agent-core. */
+  toolBash?: NonNullable<agentCore.Config['toolBash']>
+  /** Generic background-task control-tool config forwarded through agent-core. */
+  toolTasks?: NonNullable<agentCore.Config['toolTasks']>
 }
 
 // Each front door owns a complete, directly readable config schema; extracting
@@ -58,6 +62,8 @@ export const Config: z<Config> = z.object({
   // apply() fallback through one named constant while retaining both boundaries.
   persistenceRoot: z.string().default('./.sessions'),
   skills: agentCore.SkillConfigSchema,
+  toolBash: agentCore.ToolBashConfigSchema,
+  toolTasks: agentCore.ToolTasksConfigSchema,
 })
 /* jscpd:ignore-end */
 
@@ -74,6 +80,8 @@ export function apply(ctx: Context, config: Config): void {
     ...config.toolOrder !== undefined ? { toolOrder: config.toolOrder } : {},
     ...config.tools !== undefined ? { tools: config.tools } : {},
     ...config.skills !== undefined ? { skills: config.skills } : {},
+    ...config.toolBash !== undefined ? { toolBash: config.toolBash } : {},
+    ...config.toolTasks !== undefined ? { toolTasks: config.toolTasks } : {},
   })
   ctx.plugin(UserInteractionService)
   ctx.plugin(SessionPersistenceJsonl, { root: config.persistenceRoot ?? './.sessions' })

packages/examples/acp-demo/tests/acp-agent.spec.ts

@@ -19,8 +19,9 @@ import * as acpAgent from '../src/index.ts'
  * ACP operations end-to-end) is the keyless bin smoke in `load-path.e2e.ts`;
  * this spec asserts the composition and the persistenceRoot default branch.
  */
-async function mount(config: acpAgent.Config): Promise<Context> {
+async function mount(config: acpAgent.Config, withBash = false): Promise<Context> {
   const ctx = new Context()
+  if (withBash) ctx.provide('bash', { sandboxMode: undefined })
   await ctx.plugin(acpAgent, config)
   // The bundle mounts its children inside apply() (not awaited there); let their
   // fibers settle so the spine services are ready.
@@ -112,6 +113,19 @@ describe('dsh-acp-demo composition', () => {
     await ctx.fiber.dispose()
   })
 
+  it('forwards bundled tool config into agent-core', async () => {
+    const ctx = await mount({
+      model: 'mock',
+      toolBash: { enableRunInBackground: false },
+      toolTasks: { waitTimeoutMs: 7, maxWaitTimeoutMs: 11 },
+      skills: await isolatedSkillsConfig(),
+    }, true)
+    const bash = ctx.tools.schemas().find(tool => tool.name === 'bash')
+    expect(Object.keys((bash!.parameters as { properties: Record<string, unknown> }).properties))
+      .not.toContain('run_in_background')
+    await ctx.fiber.dispose()
+  })
+
   it('exposes its plugin shape', () => {
     expect(acpAgent.name).toBe('acp-demo')
     expect(acpAgent.Config).toBeDefined()
@@ -134,7 +148,7 @@ describe('dsh-acp-demo composition', () => {
       })
     }
     const assembly = await ctx.get('systemPrompt')!.assemble()
-    expect(assembly.tools.map(tool => tool.name)).toEqual(['zulu', 'alpha', 'skill'])
+    expect(assembly.tools.map(tool => tool.name)).toEqual(['zulu', 'alpha', 'skill', 'task_kill', 'task_list', 'task_output'])
     await ctx.fiber.dispose()
   })
 

packages/examples/agent-spine-demo/README.md

@@ -17,9 +17,11 @@ Read this package for the whole plugin tree and its composition order.
 @deepseek-ai/dsh-skill            skill provider registry
 @deepseek-ai/dsh-skill-local      local filesystem skill provider
 @deepseek-ai/dsh-agent            agent registry + agent/* event vocabulary
-@deepseek-ai/dsh-invariants       runtime event-contract assertions
-@deepseek-ai/dsh-tool-bash        the model-facing bash/bash_output/bash_kill schemas
+@deepseek-ai/dsh-tasks            generic background-task registry
+@deepseek-ai/dsh-invariants       dev-mode event-contract assertions
+@deepseek-ai/dsh-tool-bash        the model-facing bash schema
 @deepseek-ai/dsh-tool-skill       session-prefix skill catalog + model-facing loader schema
+@deepseek-ai/dsh-tool-tasks       task_output/task_list/task_kill schemas + completion notices
 @deepseek-ai/dsh-agent-loop       THE concrete loop (gets the forwarded `agents`)
                                   (dsh-system-prompt gets the forwarded `persona`)
 ```
@@ -39,11 +41,12 @@ This is the [interface/implementation/consumer seam](../../../docs/rfc/implement
 
 ```ts
 import type { Config } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-agent-spine-demo'
-// { agents?, persona?, toolOrder?, tools?, skills? } — the schema intersects the owner schemas,
+// { agents?, persona?, toolOrder?, tools?, skills?, toolBash?, toolTasks? }
+// The schema intersects the owner schemas,
 // so validation and defaulting can never drift from the owners.
 ```
 
-The bundle FORWARDS each field to the child that owns it: `agents` to `agent-loop` (default `[]`), so each app supplies its own pre-created agents — a stdio app pre-creates a `main`; the ACP app pre-creates none (it creates agents on demand at `session/new`) — `persona` and `toolOrder` to `dsh-system-prompt`; `tools` to the tool registry for its presentation mode; and `skills.registry`, `skills.local`, and `skills.tool` to the skill registry, local provider, and model-facing consumer. Forwarding is exactly why the owners can live in the shared spine even though the apps disagree on what to configure.
+The bundle FORWARDS each field to the child that owns it: `agents` to `agent-loop` (default `[]`), so each app supplies its own pre-created agents — a stdio app pre-creates a `main`; the ACP app pre-creates none (it creates agents on demand at `session/new`) — `persona` and `toolOrder` to `dsh-system-prompt`; `tools` to the tool registry for its presentation mode; `skills.registry`, `skills.local`, and `skills.tool` to the skill registry, local provider, and model-facing consumer; and `toolBash`/`toolTasks` to the two model-facing tool plugins the bundle owns. `toolBash.enableRunInBackground` controls only the bash producer, while `toolTasks` controls generic `task_output` wait bounds; independently loaded producers keep their own config. Forwarding is exactly why the owners can live in the shared spine even though the apps disagree on what to configure.
 
 ## Why a code bundle, not a shared YAML include
 

packages/examples/agent-spine-demo/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@deepseek-ai/dsh-agent-spine-demo",
-  "description": "The default executor-less/UI-less agent spine as one Cordis bundle plugin (timer + llm + sessions + system-prompt + tools + skills + agents + invariants + tool-bash + tool-skill + agent-loop)",
+  "description": "The default executor-less/UI-less agent spine as one Cordis bundle plugin (timer + llm + sessions + system-prompt + tools + skills + agents + tasks + invariants + tool-bash + tool-skill + tool-tasks + agent-loop)",
   "version": "0.0.1",
   "private": true,
   "type": "module",
@@ -31,8 +31,10 @@
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-skill": "^0.0.1",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-skill-local": "^0.0.1",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-system-prompt": "^0.0.1",
+    "@deepseek-ai/dsh-tasks": "^0.0.1",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-tool-bash": "^0.0.1",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-tool-skill": "^0.0.1",
+    "@deepseek-ai/dsh-tool-tasks": "^0.0.1",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-tools": "^0.0.1",
     "cordis": "^4.0.0-rc.7"
   },
@@ -46,8 +48,10 @@
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-skill": "workspace:^",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-skill-local": "workspace:^",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-system-prompt": "workspace:^",
+    "@deepseek-ai/dsh-tasks": "workspace:^",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-tool-bash": "workspace:^",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-tool-skill": "workspace:^",
+    "@deepseek-ai/dsh-tool-tasks": "workspace:^",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-tools": "workspace:^",
     "cordis": "^4.0.0-rc.7"
   },

packages/examples/agent-spine-demo/src/index.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 /**
  * Default executor-less, UI-less agent spine. It bundles the common services,
- * concrete loop, local skill provider, and model-facing bash/skill consumers;
- * deployments still choose the LLM adapter, bash executor, and presentation.
+ * background-task registry and controls, concrete loop, local skill provider,
+ * and model-facing bash/skill consumers; deployments still choose the LLM
+ * adapter, bash executor, and presentation.
  * The plugin intentionally exposes named exports only because Loader default
  * unwrapping would discard its `Config` schema (see docs/postmortem/0001).
  * @module @deepseek-ai/dsh-agent-spine-demo
@@ -17,9 +18,11 @@ import ToolRegistry, { type Config as ToolsConfig } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-tools
 import SkillService, { type Config as SkillRegistryConfig } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-skill'
 import * as SkillLocal from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-skill-local'
 import AgentRegistry from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-agent'
+import TaskService from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-tasks'
 import * as invariants from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-invariants'
 import * as toolBash from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-tool-bash'
 import * as toolSkill from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-tool-skill'
+import * as toolTasks from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-tool-tasks'
 import AgentLoop, { type Config as AgentLoopConfig } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-agent-loop'
 
 export const name = 'agent-spine-demo'
@@ -35,13 +38,19 @@ export interface SkillConfig {
 }
 
 /**
- * Bundle config: each field forwarded verbatim to the child that owns it — `agents` to the
- * agent loop (an app that pre-creates no agents, like the ACP bridge, omits it),
- * `persona` and `toolOrder` to the system-prompt plugin (the deployment's persona section and
- * the explicit model-facing tool order), the `tools` object to the tool registry (its
- * presentation `mode`), and `skills` to the skill registry/local provider/tool consumer.
- * The schema intersects the owners' schemas, which supply defaults for every
- * optional input and keep validation from drifting.
+ * Bundle config: each field forwarded verbatim to the child that owns it —
+ * `agents` to the agent loop (an app that pre-creates no agents, like the ACP
+ * bridge, simply omits it), `persona` and `toolOrder` to the system-prompt
+ * plugin (the deployment's persona section and the explicit model-facing tool
+ * order), the `tools` object to the tool registry (its presentation `mode`),
+ * and `toolBash`/`toolTasks` to the two model-facing tool plugins this bundle
+ * owns. Producer opt-in stays producer-local: `toolBash` configures bash only;
+ * future background-capable tools remain independently composed plugins.
+ * Every field is optional INPUT here because each owner's schema
+ * supplies the default (`[]` / `''` / absent — lexicographic / `native`); the
+ * schema is the INTERSECTION of the owners' own schemas (the registry's
+ * nested under its `tools` key), so validation and defaulting can never
+ * drift from them.
  */
 export interface Config {
   /** The agent-loop `agents` list (see dsh-agent-loop's `Config`). */
@@ -54,6 +63,10 @@ export interface Config {
   tools?: ToolsConfig
   /** Skill registry, local provider, and model-facing consumer config. */
   skills?: SkillConfig
+  /** Model-facing bash tool config, including this producer's background opt-in. */
+  toolBash?: toolBash.Config
+  /** Generic background-task control-tool wait bounds. */
+  toolTasks?: toolTasks.Config
 }
 
 /** The skill config schema exported for app packages that forward `skills`. */
@@ -63,11 +76,22 @@ export const SkillConfigSchema: z<SkillConfig> = z.object({
   tool: toolSkill.Config,
 })
 
+/** The bash-tool config schema exported for app packages that forward `toolBash`. */
+export const ToolBashConfigSchema: z<toolBash.Config> = toolBash.Config
+
+/** The task-control-tool config schema exported for app packages that forward `toolTasks`. */
+export const ToolTasksConfigSchema: z<toolTasks.Config> = toolTasks.Config
+
 /** Intersect the owners' schemas so validation + defaulting stay identical. */
 export const Config = z.intersect([
   AgentLoop.Config,
   SystemPrompt.Config,
-  z.object({ tools: ToolRegistry.Config, skills: SkillConfigSchema }),
+  z.object({
+    tools: ToolRegistry.Config,
+    skills: SkillConfigSchema,
+    toolBash: ToolBashConfigSchema,
+    toolTasks: ToolTasksConfigSchema,
+  }),
 ]) as unknown as z<Config>
 
 /**
@@ -92,8 +116,10 @@ export function apply(ctx: Context, config: Config): void {
   ctx.plugin(SkillService, config.skills?.registry ?? {})
   ctx.plugin(SkillLocal, config.skills?.local ?? {})
   ctx.plugin(AgentRegistry)
+  ctx.plugin(TaskService)
   ctx.plugin(invariants)
-  ctx.plugin(toolBash)
+  ctx.plugin(toolBash, config.toolBash ?? {})
   ctx.plugin(toolSkill, config.skills?.tool ?? {})
+  ctx.plugin(toolTasks, config.toolTasks ?? {})
   ctx.plugin(AgentLoop, { agents: config.agents ?? [] })
 }

packages/examples/agent-spine-demo/tests/agent-core.spec.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'
+import { describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
 import { mkdir, mkdtemp, writeFile } from 'node:fs/promises'
 import { join } from 'node:path'
 import { tmpdir } from 'node:os'
@@ -7,7 +7,13 @@ import Loader from '@cordisjs/plugin-loader'
 import { TOOL_ORDER_REST } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-system-prompt'
 import * as agentCore from '../src/index.ts'
 import { AgentId, agentEvents, type Agent } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-agent'
-import type { Message } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm'
+import { CallId, type Message } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm'
+
+declare module '@deepseek-ai/dsh-tasks' {
+  interface TaskKindMap {
+    probe: 'probe'
+  }
+}
 
 async function composePrefix(ctx: Context, cwd: string): Promise<Message[]> {
   const agent = { session: { header: { cwd } } } as unknown as Agent
@@ -28,12 +34,13 @@ async function composePrefix(ctx: Context, cwd: string): Promise<Message[]> {
  * Loader-path guard (export shape, `unwrapExports`) is the app packages' keyless
  * bin smokes; here we assert the composition + config forwarding.
  */
-async function mount(config?: agentCore.Config): Promise<Context> {
+async function mount(config?: agentCore.Config, withBash = false): Promise<Context> {
   const oldDshHome = process.env.DSH_HOME
   const oldAgentsHome = process.env.DSH_AGENTS_HOME
   process.env.DSH_HOME = await mkdtemp(join(tmpdir(), 'dsh-agent-spine-demo-home-'))
   process.env.DSH_AGENTS_HOME = await mkdtemp(join(tmpdir(), 'dsh-agent-spine-demo-agents-'))
   const ctx = new Context()
+  if (withBash) ctx.provide('bash', { sandboxMode: undefined })
   try {
     await ctx.plugin(agentCore, config)
     // The bundle mounts its children inside apply() (not awaited there); let their
@@ -86,6 +93,7 @@ describe('dsh-agent-spine-demo bundle', () => {
     expect(ctx.get('tools')).toBeDefined()
     expect(ctx.get('skills')).toBeDefined()
     expect(ctx.get('agents')).toBeDefined()
+    expect(ctx.get('tasks')).toBeDefined()
     expect(ctx.get('agentLoop')).toBeDefined()
     await ctx.fiber.dispose()
   })
@@ -153,6 +161,33 @@ describe('dsh-agent-spine-demo bundle', () => {
     await ctx.fiber.dispose()
   })
 
+  it('forwards its bundled tool configs to tool-bash and tool-tasks', async () => {
+    const ctx = await mount({
+      toolBash: { enableRunInBackground: false },
+      toolTasks: { waitTimeoutMs: 7, maxWaitTimeoutMs: 11 },
+    }, true)
+
+    const bash = ctx.tools.schemas().find(tool => tool.name === 'bash')
+    expect(bash).toBeDefined()
+    expect(Object.keys((bash!.parameters as { properties: Record<string, unknown> }).properties))
+      .not.toContain('run_in_background')
+
+    const id = ctx.tasks.start({
+      kind: 'probe',
+      label: 'config forwarding probe',
+      run: () => ({ cancel: () => {}, done: Promise.resolve({ status: 'completed' }) }),
+    })
+    const wait = vi.spyOn(ctx.tasks, 'wait')
+    await ctx.tools.execute({
+      callId: CallId('task-config-forwarding'),
+      name: 'task_output',
+      arguments: { task_id: id, wait: true },
+    })
+    expect(wait).toHaveBeenCalledWith(id, 7, undefined, undefined)
+
+    await ctx.fiber.dispose()
+  })
+
   it('uses the default skill config when apply is called directly without skills', async () => {
     await withIsolatedSkillHomes(async () => {
       const ctx = new Context()
@@ -177,7 +212,7 @@ describe('dsh-agent-spine-demo bundle', () => {
       })
     }
     const assembly = await ctx.get('systemPrompt')!.assemble()
-    expect(assembly.tools.map(tool => tool.name)).toEqual(['zulu', 'alpha', 'skill'])
+    expect(assembly.tools.map(tool => tool.name)).toEqual(['zulu', 'alpha', 'skill', 'task_kill', 'task_list', 'task_output'])
     await ctx.fiber.dispose()
   })
 

packages/examples/agent-spine-demo/tsconfig.json

@@ -11,9 +11,6 @@
     {
       "path": "../../../vendor/cordis"
     },
-    {
-      "path": "../../../vendor/schemastery"
-    },
     {
       "path": "../../../vendor/timer"
     },
@@ -52,6 +49,12 @@
     },
     {
       "path": "../../bash/tool-bash"
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "../../tasks/tasks"
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "../../tasks/tool-tasks"
     }
   ]
 }

packages/examples/stdio-demo/README.md

@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@ The leaf `cordis.yml` supplies only the **swappable backends** — an LLM adapte
 | `toolOrder` | — | explicit model-facing tool order (a name list with one `'<unlisted-tools>'` rest entry; absent — lexicographic; an unregistered name fails each turn at prompt assembly), routed to `dsh-system-prompt` |
 | `tools` | `{ mode: 'native' }` | tool-registry presentation config (`native` / `code` / `both`), routed through `dsh-agent-spine-demo` |
 | `skills` | owner defaults | registry-cache, local-provider, and model-facing skill-tool config, routed through `dsh-agent-spine-demo` |
+| `toolBash` | owner defaults | model-facing bash config routed through `dsh-agent-spine-demo`, including bash's producer-local `enableRunInBackground` |
+| `toolTasks` | owner defaults | generic `task_output` wait bounds routed through `dsh-agent-spine-demo` |
 | `persistenceRoot` | `./.sessions` | the JSONL backend's root directory |
 | `welcome` | `ready.` | the stdin-chat banner |
 | `resumeSessionId` | — | resume a persisted session id instead of starting fresh (sourced from an env var in the leaf) |

packages/examples/stdio-demo/src/index.ts

@@ -48,6 +48,10 @@ export interface Config {
   welcome?: string
   /** Skill registry, local-provider, and model-facing consumer config forwarded to agent-spine-demo. */
   skills?: agentCore.SkillConfig
+  /** Model-facing bash tool config forwarded through agent-core. */
+  toolBash?: NonNullable<agentCore.Config['toolBash']>
+  /** Generic background-task control-tool config forwarded through agent-core. */
+  toolTasks?: NonNullable<agentCore.Config['toolTasks']>
   /**
    * If set, the `main` agent RESUMES this persisted session id instead of
    * starting fresh. Sourced from an env var in the leaf `cordis.yml`
@@ -69,6 +73,8 @@ export const Config: z<Config> = z.object({
   persistenceRoot: z.string().default('./.sessions'),
   welcome: z.string().default('ready.'),
   skills: agentCore.SkillConfigSchema,
+  toolBash: agentCore.ToolBashConfigSchema,
+  toolTasks: agentCore.ToolTasksConfigSchema,
   resumeSessionId: z.string(),
 })
 
@@ -92,6 +98,8 @@ export function apply(ctx: Context, config: Config): void {
       ...config.resumeSessionId !== undefined ? { resumeSessionId: SessionId(config.resumeSessionId) } : {},
     }],
     ...config.skills !== undefined ? { skills: config.skills } : {},
+    ...config.toolBash !== undefined ? { toolBash: config.toolBash } : {},
+    ...config.toolTasks !== undefined ? { toolTasks: config.toolTasks } : {},
   })
   ctx.plugin(SessionPersistenceJsonl, { root: config.persistenceRoot ?? './.sessions' })
   ctx.plugin(UserInteractionService)

packages/examples/stdio-demo/tests/stdio-agent.spec.ts

@@ -15,8 +15,9 @@ import * as stdioAgent from '../src/index.ts'
  * keyless echo smoke; this tier pins the export shape because an inject-less app could otherwise
  * survive namespace collapse while silently losing its schema.
  */
-async function mount(config: stdioAgent.Config): Promise<Context> {
+async function mount(config: stdioAgent.Config, withBash = false): Promise<Context> {
   const ctx = new Context()
+  if (withBash) ctx.provide('bash', { sandboxMode: undefined })
   await ctx.plugin(stdioAgent, config)
   // The app mounts its children inside apply() (not awaited there); let their
   // fibers settle so the spine services + the pre-created agent are ready.
@@ -126,6 +127,19 @@ describe('dsh-stdio-demo app', () => {
     await ctx.fiber.dispose()
   })
 
+  it('forwards bundled tool config into agent-core', async () => {
+    const ctx = await mount({
+      model: 'mock',
+      toolBash: { enableRunInBackground: false },
+      toolTasks: { waitTimeoutMs: 7, maxWaitTimeoutMs: 11 },
+      skills: await isolatedSkillsConfig(),
+    }, true)
+    const bash = ctx.tools.schemas().find(tool => tool.name === 'bash')
+    expect(Object.keys((bash!.parameters as { properties: Record<string, unknown> }).properties))
+      .not.toContain('run_in_background')
+    await ctx.fiber.dispose()
+  })
+
   it('exposes its name and Config schema', () => {
     expect(stdioAgent.name).toBe('stdio-demo')
     expect(stdioAgent.Config).toBeDefined()
@@ -148,7 +162,7 @@ describe('dsh-stdio-demo app', () => {
       })
     }
     const assembly = await ctx.get('systemPrompt')!.assemble()
-    expect(assembly.tools.map(tool => tool.name)).toEqual(['zulu', 'alpha', 'ask_user_question', 'skill'])
+    expect(assembly.tools.map(tool => tool.name)).toEqual(['zulu', 'alpha', 'ask_user_question', 'skill', 'task_kill', 'task_list', 'task_output'])
     await ctx.fiber.dispose()
   })
 

packages/hooks/hook-protocol/tests/runner.spec.ts

@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ function recordingBash(run: (spec: BashExecSpec) => Promise<BashRunResult>): {
         ...request.signal ? { signal: request.signal } : {},
         ...request.stdin !== undefined ? { stdin: request.stdin } : {},
         ...request.env !== undefined ? { env: request.env } : {},
-        owner: request.owner,
         sandboxMode: request.sandboxMode,
       }
     },

packages/sandbox/sandbox-local/README.md

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 
 Local implementation of the [`dsh-sandbox`](../sandbox/) seam. It selects and caches one platform runner: Linux prefers a working `bwrap` then Landlock; macOS uses Seatbelt. Multiple candidates are probed in order, while a sole candidate is selected directly.
 
+The package root exports the default and named `LocalSandboxProvider` plugin, `Config`, and its public test-injection seam; platform profile builders stay internal.
+
 Unsupported platforms and unusable runners fail closed with `SANDBOX_UNAVAILABLE`; execution never silently falls through unconfined. Each wrap carries runner-failure signatures so consumers can distinguish a broken sandbox from a command failure. The [sandbox RFC](../../../docs/rfc/implemented/feature/2026-07-06-sandbox.md) owns selection rationale and profile differences.
 
 Policy is per call; the provider stores only the mechanism and cached runner verdict. Each wrap reports enforcement completeness plus backend-specific denial and runner-failure signatures. `runnerCommand` is an operator assertion of a bwrap-shaped runner and skips probes, but missing or unexecutable commands still fail closed at execution. Because its mechanism is unknown, it carries both Linux denial dialects. `probeTimeoutMs` bounds functional probes. The [sandbox RFC](../../../docs/rfc/implemented/feature/2026-07-06-sandbox.md) owns selection and failure semantics.

packages/sandbox/sandbox-local/src/index.ts

@@ -7,14 +7,13 @@
  */
 
 import { spawnSync } from 'node:child_process'
-import { realpathSync } from 'node:fs'
-import { tmpdir } from 'node:os'
-import { grantArgs as landlockGrantArgs, LAUNCHER_BIN, launcherPath as landlockLauncherPath, probe as defaultProbeLandlock } from 'node-addon-landlock-run'
+import { LAUNCHER_BIN, launcherPath as landlockLauncherPath, probe as defaultProbeLandlock } from 'node-addon-landlock-run'
 import { Context } from 'cordis'
 import z from 'schemastery'
 import { assertNever } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm'
 import { SandboxProvider, SandboxUnavailableError } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-sandbox'
 import type { ConfinedArgv, ConfinedSandboxMode, SandboxEnforcement, SandboxPolicy } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-sandbox'
+import { bwrapProfileArgs, landlockProfileArgs, seatbeltProfileArgs } from './profiles.ts'
 
 /** Plugin config. All optional — `static Config` supplies the defaults. */
 export interface Config {
@@ -38,77 +37,6 @@ export interface Config {
   probeTimeoutMs?: number
 }
 
-/**
- * Build a bwrap profile: the host is read-only with fresh `/dev` and `/proc`;
- * workspace-write overlays writable temp and workspace mounts. PID and network
- * isolation are intentionally outside the file-effect policy.
- *
- * @param policy - the file-effect policy to express as bwrap arguments.
- * @returns the bwrap profile arguments (before the trailing `--` + argv).
- */
-export function bwrapProfileArgs(policy: SandboxPolicy): string[] {
-  const args = ['--ro-bind', '/', '/', '--dev', '/dev', '--proc', '/proc', '--die-with-parent']
-  if (policy.mode === 'workspace-write') {
-    args.push('--tmpfs', '/tmp')
-    args.push('--bind', policy.workspaceRoot, policy.workspaceRoot)
-  }
-  return args
-}
-
-/**
- * Build Landlock grants for the same file policy without synthetic mounts.
- * Read-only grants only `/dev/null` for writes; workspace-write also grants the
- * host temp root and workspace.
- *
- * @param policy - the file-effect policy to express as launcher grants.
- * @returns the launcher grant arguments (before `--` + argv).
- */
-export function landlockProfileArgs(policy: SandboxPolicy): string[] {
-  const readWrite = ['/dev/null']
-  if (policy.mode === 'workspace-write') {
-    readWrite.push('/tmp', policy.workspaceRoot)
-  }
-  return landlockGrantArgs({ readOnly: ['/'], readWrite })
-}
-
-/**
- * Resolve a granted root to the path the kernel actually sees. Seatbelt path
- * filters match the CANONICAL path (symlinks resolved), and the roots this
- * profile grants are symlinked on every macOS: `/tmp` is `/private/tmp` and
- * the user temp dir lives under `/var` → `/private/var` — an as-spelled
- * grant would match nothing.
- */
-function canonicalPath(path: string): string {
-  try {
-    return realpathSync(path)
-  } catch {
-    // An unresolved grant matches nothing until the named path exists; keep its spelling.
-    return path
-  }
-}
-
-/** Quote one path as an SBPL string literal (backslashes and double quotes escaped). */
-function sbplString(path: string): string {
-  return `"${path.replaceAll('\\', String.raw`\\`).replaceAll('"', String.raw`\"`)}"`
-}
-
-/**
- * Build a Seatbelt profile that denies file writes then allows `/dev/null` and,
- * for workspace-write, the canonical workspace, host temp, and per-user macOS
- * temp roots. Network and process visibility remain unrestricted.
- *
- * @param policy - the file-effect policy to express as an SBPL profile.
- * @returns the `sandbox-exec` arguments (`-p` + profile, before `--` + argv).
- */
-export function seatbeltProfileArgs(policy: SandboxPolicy): string[] {
-  const forms = ['(version 1)', '(allow default)', '(deny file-write*)', `(allow file-write* (literal ${sbplString('/dev/null')}))`]
-  if (policy.mode === 'workspace-write') {
-    const roots = [...new Set([policy.workspaceRoot, '/tmp', tmpdir()].map(canonicalPath))]
-    forms.push(`(allow file-write* ${roots.map(root => `(subpath ${sbplString(root)})`).join(' ')})`)
-  }
-  return ['-p', forms.join(' ')]
-}
-
 /** Probe whether `bwrap` can create the profile; the provider caches the bounded result. */
 function defaultProbeBwrap(timeoutMs: number): boolean {
   const probe = spawnSync('bwrap', ['--ro-bind', '/', '/', '--dev', '/dev', '--proc', '/proc', '--die-with-parent', '--', 'true'], {

packages/sandbox/sandbox-local/src/profiles.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+/**
+ * Internal platform-profile builders for the local sandbox provider.
+ *
+ * @module @deepseek-ai/dsh-sandbox-local/profiles
+ */
+
+import { realpathSync } from 'node:fs'
+import { tmpdir } from 'node:os'
+import { grantArgs as landlockGrantArgs } from 'node-addon-landlock-run'
+import type { SandboxPolicy } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-sandbox'
+
+/**
+ * Build the bwrap profile arguments for one file-effect policy.
+ * @param policy - file-effect policy to express as bwrap mounts.
+ * @returns profile arguments before the trailing separator and command argv.
+ */
+export function bwrapProfileArgs(policy: SandboxPolicy): string[] {
+  const args = ['--ro-bind', '/', '/', '--dev', '/dev', '--proc', '/proc', '--die-with-parent']
+  if (policy.mode === 'workspace-write') {
+    args.push('--tmpfs', '/tmp')
+    args.push('--bind', policy.workspaceRoot, policy.workspaceRoot)
+  }
+  return args
+}
+
+/**
+ * Build the Landlock launcher grants for one file-effect policy.
+ * @param policy - file-effect policy to express as Landlock allow-list grants.
+ * @returns launcher grant arguments before the trailing separator and command argv.
+ */
+export function landlockProfileArgs(policy: SandboxPolicy): string[] {
+  const readWrite = ['/dev/null']
+  if (policy.mode === 'workspace-write') {
+    readWrite.push('/tmp', policy.workspaceRoot)
+  }
+  return landlockGrantArgs({ readOnly: ['/'], readWrite })
+}
+
+/** Resolve a granted root to the canonical path the Seatbelt kernel sees. */
+function canonicalPath(path: string): string {
+  try {
+    return realpathSync(path)
+  } catch {
+    // Missing or unreadable roots stay as spelled; an unresolved root grants
+    // nothing until it exists, which is the conservative outcome.
+    return path
+  }
+}
+
+/** Quote one path as an SBPL string literal. */
+function sbplString(path: string): string {
+  return `"${path.replaceAll('\\', String.raw`\\`).replaceAll('"', String.raw`\"`)}"`
+}
+
+/**
+ * Build the sandbox-exec arguments and SBPL profile for one policy.
+ * @param policy - file-effect policy to express as an SBPL profile.
+ * @returns sandbox-exec arguments before the trailing separator and command argv.
+ */
+export function seatbeltProfileArgs(policy: SandboxPolicy): string[] {
+  const forms = ['(version 1)', '(allow default)', '(deny file-write*)', `(allow file-write* (literal ${sbplString('/dev/null')}))`]
+  if (policy.mode === 'workspace-write') {
+    const roots = [...new Set([policy.workspaceRoot, '/tmp', tmpdir()].map(canonicalPath))]
+    forms.push(`(allow file-write* ${roots.map(root => `(subpath ${sbplString(root)})`).join(' ')})`)
+  }
+  return ['-p', forms.join(' ')]
+}