refactor(examples): give TUI its own agent leaf

docs/graph-atlas.md

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ The process decision behind this index is recorded in [the documentation graph R
 | [capability seams and core services](capability-seams.md) | `hybrid generated` |
 | [echo-agent app composition](../examples/echo-agent/composition.md) | `hybrid generated` |
 | [coding-agent app composition](../examples/coding-agent/composition.md) | `hybrid generated` |
+| [tui-agent app composition](../examples/tui-agent/composition.md) | `hybrid generated` |
 | [cordis-agent app composition](../examples/cordis-agent/composition.md) | `hybrid generated` |
 | [acp-agent app composition](../examples/acp-agent/composition.md) | `hybrid generated` |
 | [event producer/consumer matrix](event-producer-consumer.md) | `hybrid generated` |

examples/README.md

@@ -15,12 +15,18 @@ Run with: `pnpm run demo:echo`. When prompted, type "echo <something>" to trigge
 
 ## coding-agent
 
-A coding-agent demo: DeepSeek V4 + the `read`/`write`/`edit` filesystem tools + the bash tool suite, `subagent` delegation, and the `todo_write` task tracker on the same `@deepseek-ai/dsh-stdio-demo` app. Interactive runs use the pi-tui coding interface; pipes use readline.
+A coding-agent REPL: DeepSeek V4 + the `read`/`write`/`edit` filesystem tools + the bash tool suite, `subagent` delegation, and the `todo_write` task tracker on the `@deepseek-ai/dsh-stdio-demo` app's readline front door.
 
 Run with: `pnpm run demo:repl` (needs `DEEPSEEK_API_KEY` in the environment or a gitignored repo-root `.env`). See [coding-agent/README.md](coding-agent/README.md) for details.
 
 Run the Code Mode overlay with `pnpm run demo:code-mode`, or pass `acp` for the ACP example. See the [Code Mode example](coding-agent/README.md#code-mode) for its composition and a sample task.
 
+## tui-agent
+
+The full-screen terminal sibling of `coding-agent`: it reuses the same coding backends and tools while forcing the shared terminal app to `dsh-tui`. It is the home of TUI PTY and snapshot scenarios.
+
+Run with: `pnpm run demo:tui` (needs `DEEPSEEK_API_KEY`). See [tui-agent/README.md](tui-agent/README.md) for controls and composition.
+
 ## cordis-agent
 
 The **self-referential** demo: the coding spine plus [`@deepseek-ai/dsh-tool-cordis`](../packages/cordis/tool-cordis), whose three tools (`cordis_inspect` / `cordis_mount` / `cordis_unmount`) let the agent inspect the live cordis runtime it runs inside, mount model-written plugins into it (an event listener, a brand-new tool for itself, or a service another mount injects), and dispose them again — all dynamic mounts grouped under one `cordis-dynamic` fiber subtree. The `ctx.fs`/`ctx.web` services ride along provider-only, as the capabilities those plugins build on.

examples/coding-agent/README.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # coding-agent
 
-The coding-agent demo wiring: DeepSeek V4 + the `read`/`write`/`edit` filesystem tools + the bash tool suite + subagent delegation + `todo_write` + terminal chat + JSONL persistence, loaded from `cordis.yml`. Interactive runs use the pi-tui coding interface; piped runs use readline.
+The coding-agent REPL wiring: DeepSeek V4 + the `read`/`write`/`edit` filesystem tools + the bash tool suite + subagent delegation + `todo_write` + readline chat + JSONL persistence, loaded from `cordis.yml`. The sibling [`tui-agent`](../tui-agent/README.md) fixes the same agent composition to the full-screen terminal front door.
 
 ## Run it
 
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ pnpm run demo:repl
 
 Type a coding task. The agent works through the `read`/`write`/`edit` filesystem tools for ordinary file operations and `bash` (+ the generic `task_output` / `task_list` / `task_kill` for background tasks) for shell commands, searches, and test runs, each in a fresh `bash -c` (the system prompt tells the model to pass `workdir` instead of `cd`). Both the fs tools and bash resolve relative paths against the session workspace. It can also delegate with `subagent`/`subagent_fork` and track multi-step work with `todo_write`.
 
-The TUI renders resumed Markdown history, reasoning, tool-owned terminal/diff/generic cards, token totals, and the latest todo list. Enter submits or steers while the agent is running; Ctrl+O expands cards, Ctrl+R toggles reasoning, Escape cancels, and `/help` lists commands. `ask_user_question` opens a keyboard-driven overlay rather than taking over the editor.
+The REPL renders reasoning, tool calls/results, and the latest todo list as line-oriented output suitable for terminals and pipes. Use `pnpm run demo:tui` for the interactive Markdown/card interface.
 
 ### Resuming a prior session
 
@@ -42,14 +42,14 @@ and watch the transcript: one `run_code` call, a program looping over tools, and
 
 ## What each leaf entry demonstrates
 
-This example is a thin leaf `cordis.yml`: it picks the swappable backends, loads one app package, and adds product tools that are intentionally outside the shared spine. The spine (sessions, system-prompt, tools, agents, invariants, `agent-loop`) and the front-door cluster (JSONL persistence, TTY-selected `dsh-tui`/`dsh-stdio` channels, the pre-created `main` agent) live inside the [`@deepseek-ai/dsh-stdio-demo`](../../packages/examples/stdio-demo) app and the [`@deepseek-ai/dsh-agent-spine-demo`](../../packages/examples/agent-spine-demo) bundle it loads; the leaf wires the backends and model-facing optional tools:
+This example is a thin leaf `cordis.yml`: it picks the swappable backends, loads one app package, and adds product tools that are intentionally outside the shared spine. The spine (sessions, system-prompt, tools, agents, invariants, `agent-loop`) and the front-door cluster (JSONL persistence, the selected terminal channel, the pre-created `main` agent) live inside the [`@deepseek-ai/dsh-stdio-demo`](../../packages/examples/stdio-demo) app and the [`@deepseek-ai/dsh-agent-spine-demo`](../../packages/examples/agent-spine-demo) bundle it loads; the leaf wires the backends and model-facing optional tools:
 
 | Entry | Demonstrates |
 |---|---|
 | `hmr` (`@cordisjs/plugin-hmr`) | the dev/demo edit-reload loop — a **leaf** entry (not baked into the app) because it is Loader-only and needs `node --expose-internals`, which `demo:repl` passes |
 | `llm-deepseek` | real `LlmAdapter` via config (`!!js process.env.…` secrets); swap one line to `@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm-pi-ai` for the library-backed twin |
 | `bash` (`dsh-bash-local`) | the executor implementation — the swappable half of the bash seam. The model-facing `bash` schema (`tool-bash`) and generic `task_*` controls (`tool-tasks`) come from `dsh-agent-spine-demo`, so only the executor is a leaf choice |
-| `stdio-agent` (`@deepseek-ai/dsh-stdio-demo`) | the app bundle: the agent-spine demo + JSONL persistence + TTY-selected `dsh-tui`/`dsh-stdio` channels + a pre-created `main` agent. Its config carries the model, system prompt, `persistenceRoot` (`./.sessions`), `resumeSessionId`, and optional `ui` presentation settings |
+| `stdio-agent` (`@deepseek-ai/dsh-stdio-demo`) | the app bundle: the agent-spine demo + JSONL persistence + the configured terminal channel + a pre-created `main` agent. This leaf fixes `ui.mode` to `readline`; `tui-agent` owns the corresponding TUI leaf |
 | `subagent`, `subagent-spawn`, `subagent-fork` | the subagent provider registry plus the two in-process backends: a fresh child and a child seeded with the parent's completed-turn prefix |
 | `tool-subagent`, `tool-subagent-fork` | two model-facing `dsh-tool-subagent` loads, each bound to a different provider and exposed under a distinct tool name (`subagent`, `subagent_fork`) |
 | `tool-todo` | the model-facing `todo_write` tool; writes the whole task list to the session log and renders as a persistent TUI plan or readline checklist |

examples/coding-agent/code-mode.cordis.yml

@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@
           tools:
             mode: code
           welcome: 'code-mode agent ready. Give it a multi-tool task.'
+          ui:
+            mode: readline
           persona: |
             You are coding-agent, a coding assistant powered by the {{model}} model.
 

examples/coding-agent/composition.md

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ flowchart LR
   cfg --> plugin_coding_stdio_agent
   plugin_coding_stdio_agent --> bundle_agent_core["@deepseek-ai/dsh-agent-spine-demo"]
   plugin_coding_stdio_agent --> bundle_jsonl["@deepseek-ai/dsh-session-persistence-jsonl"]
-  plugin_coding_stdio_agent --> frontdoor_stdio["dsh-tui (TTY) / dsh-stdio (pipes)<br/>pre-created main agent"]
+  plugin_coding_stdio_agent --> frontdoor_stdio["@deepseek-ai/dsh-stdio<br/>pre-created main agent"]
   bundle_agent_core --> spine_llm["ctx.llm"]
   bundle_agent_core --> spine_sessions["ctx.sessions"]
   bundle_agent_core --> spine_tools["ctx.tools + tool-bash"]

examples/coding-agent/cordis.yml

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
-# Coding agent with swappable DeepSeek and local-bash backends. `dsh-stdio-demo`
-# supplies the agent spine, workspace instructions, generic task controls,
-# JSONL persistence, TTY-selected `dsh-tui`/`dsh-stdio` terminal front doors,
-# readline logging, and `main` agent.
+# Readline coding REPL with swappable DeepSeek and local-bash backends.
+# `dsh-stdio-demo` supplies the agent spine, workspace instructions, generic
+# task controls, JSONL persistence, the line-oriented front door, and `main`.
 # HMR remains a leaf because it requires Loader internals; `demo:repl` passes
 # `--expose-internals`. The app bin loads the gitignored root `.env`; this file
 # reads `DEEPSEEK_API_KEY` and optional `DEEPSEEK_BASE_URL` through `!!js`.
@@ -39,10 +38,7 @@
       maxBytes: 65536
     welcome: 'agent REPL ready. Give it a coding task.'
     ui:
-      mode: auto
-      tui:
-        showReasoning: true
-        maxToolOutputLines: 12
+      mode: readline
     # Keep the persona to identity and behavior; tool plugins own tool guidance.
     # The loop resolves {{model}} from this agent's configuration.
     persona: |

examples/tui-agent/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# tui-agent
+
+The full-screen terminal counterpart to the [`coding-agent`](../coding-agent/README.md) readline REPL and [`acp-agent`](../acp-agent/README.md) server. It reuses the coding agent's backends and tool composition, then fixes the shared terminal app to the `dsh-tui` front door.
+
+## Run it
+
+```sh
+pnpm run demo:tui
+```
+
+The command needs `DEEPSEEK_API_KEY` in the environment or the gitignored repository-root `.env`. Set `RESUME_SESSION_ID` to reopen a persisted conversation under `./.sessions`.
+
+The TUI renders Markdown history, reasoning, tool-owned terminal/diff/generic cards, token totals, and the latest todo list. Enter submits or steers while the agent is running; Ctrl+O expands cards, Ctrl+R toggles reasoning, Escape cancels, and `/help` lists commands. `ask_user_question` opens a keyboard-driven overlay.
+
+Run `pnpm run demo:code-mode tui` for the sibling Code Mode overlay.
+
+## Composition
+
+[`cordis.yml`](cordis.yml) includes the readline coding-agent leaf so the LLM, bash, filesystem, compaction, subagent, workflow, todo, timeout, and spill choices have one owner. Its asserted patch replaces only the terminal app config and forces `ui.mode: tui`; [`code-mode.cordis.yml`](code-mode.cordis.yml) applies the same front-door patch to the coding agent's Code Mode overlay.

examples/tui-agent/code-mode.cordis.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+# Code Mode keeps the TUI front door while reusing the coding-agent overlay's
+# worker runtime and one-tool registry composition.
+- id: base
+  name: '@cordisjs/plugin-include'
+  config:
+    path: ../coding-agent/code-mode.cordis.yml
+    patches:
+      - id: stdio-agent
+        name: '@deepseek-ai/dsh-stdio-demo'
+        config:
+          provider: deepseek
+          model: deepseek-v4-flash
+          resumeSessionId: !!js process.env.RESUME_SESSION_ID
+          persistenceRoot: './.sessions'
+          workspaceContext:
+            maxBytes: 65536
+          tools:
+            mode: code
+          welcome: 'TUI Code Mode ready. Give it a multi-tool task.'
+          ui:
+            mode: tui
+            tui:
+              showReasoning: true
+              maxToolOutputLines: 12
+          persona: |
+            You are coding-agent, a coding assistant powered by the {{model}} model.
+
+            You work by writing TypeScript programs for run_code: batch related
+            tool work into one program, loop and branch where it helps, and print
+            or return ONLY the findings that matter.

examples/tui-agent/composition.md

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+<!-- Generated by scripts/gen-doc-graphs.ts - do not edit by hand.
+     Run `pnpm run gen-doc-graphs` to regenerate. -->
+
+# TUI Agent App Composition
+
+The TUI agent reuses the coding-agent backend and tool composition while fixing the shared terminal app to the full-screen dsh-tui front door.
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart LR
+  cfg["examples/tui-agent<br/>cordis.yml"]
+  plugin_tui_base["base<br/>@deepseek-ai/dsh-stdio-demo"]
+  cfg --> plugin_tui_base
+  plugin_tui_base --> bundle_agent_core["@deepseek-ai/dsh-agent-spine-demo"]
+  plugin_tui_base --> bundle_jsonl["@deepseek-ai/dsh-session-persistence-jsonl"]
+  plugin_tui_base --> frontdoor_stdio["@deepseek-ai/dsh-tui<br/>pre-created main agent"]
+  bundle_agent_core --> spine_llm["ctx.llm"]
+  bundle_agent_core --> spine_sessions["ctx.sessions"]
+  bundle_agent_core --> spine_tools["ctx.tools + tool-bash"]
+  bundle_agent_core --> spine_loop["ctx.agents + ctx.agentLoop"]
+```
+
+| Plugin id | Package / module |
+| --- | --- |
+| `base` | `@deepseek-ai/dsh-stdio-demo` |
+
+Source config: [`examples/tui-agent/cordis.yml`](cordis.yml).
+
+Maintenance mode: hybrid: the leaf plugin list is parsed from its `cordis.yml`; app package expansion is curated from package source.

examples/tui-agent/cordis.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# Full-screen TUI front door over the same coding-agent composition used by the
+# readline REPL. The include keeps backends and optional tools aligned; the
+# patch owns only the terminal-specific app config.
+- id: base
+  name: '@cordisjs/plugin-include'
+  config:
+    path: ../coding-agent/cordis.yml
+    patches:
+      - id: stdio-agent
+        name: '@deepseek-ai/dsh-stdio-demo'
+        config:
+          provider: deepseek
+          model: deepseek-v4-flash
+          resumeSessionId: !!js process.env.RESUME_SESSION_ID
+          persistenceRoot: './.sessions'
+          workspaceContext:
+            maxBytes: 65536
+          welcome: 'TUI agent ready. Give it a coding task.'
+          ui:
+            mode: tui
+            tui:
+              showReasoning: true
+              maxToolOutputLines: 12
+          persona: |
+            You are coding-agent, a coding assistant powered by the {{model}} model.
+
+            Verify your work by running the code or tests. Keep answers brief and
+            factual.

examples/tui-agent/package.json

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+  "name": "tui-agent-example",
+  "private": true,
+  "version": "0.0.1",
+  "type": "module",
+  "description": "Runnable demo: the coding agent through the full-screen terminal UI"
+}

examples/coding-agent/tests/tui-keyless-smoke.e2e.ts → examples/tui-agent/tests/tui-keyless-smoke.e2e.ts

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ while time.monotonic() < deadline:
     if scenario == "conversation" and answered_question and not sent_exit and b"Decision received. Scripted TUI run complete." in output:
         os.write(fd, b"/exit\r")
         sent_exit = True
-    if scenario == "boot" and not sent_exit and b"agent REPL ready." in output:
+    if scenario == "boot" and not sent_exit and b"TUI agent ready." in output:
         os.write(fd, b"/exit\r")
         sent_exit = True
     waited, candidate = os.waitpid(pid, os.WNOHANG)
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ interface TuiLoaderSmokeOptions {
 }
 
 async function runTuiLoaderSmoke(options: TuiLoaderSmokeOptions = {}): Promise<string> {
-  const cwd = await mkdtemp(join(tmpdir(), 'coding-tui-smoke-'))
+  const cwd = await mkdtemp(join(tmpdir(), 'tui-agent-smoke-'))
   try {
     const launch = resolveExampleLaunch({
       srcBin: binScript,
@@ -142,11 +142,11 @@ async function runTuiLoaderSmoke(options: TuiLoaderSmokeOptions = {}): Promise<s
   }
 }
 
-describe('coding-agent TUI keyless smoke (real Loader tree in a PTY)', () => {
+describe('tui-agent keyless smoke (real Loader tree in a PTY)', () => {
   it('boots pi-tui, renders the configured banner, accepts /exit, and restores the terminal', async () => {
     const output = await runTuiLoaderSmoke()
     expect(output).toContain('DEEPSEEK')
-    expect(output).toContain('agent REPL ready.')
+    expect(output).toContain('TUI agent ready.')
     expect(output).toContain('\u001B[?2004l')
   }, LOADER_SMOKE_TEST_TIMEOUT_MS)
 

knip.json

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
     "examples": {
       "entry": [
         "echo-agent/src/*.ts",
-        "coding-agent/tests/fixtures/tui-scripted-llm.ts",
+        "tui-agent/tests/fixtures/tui-scripted-llm.ts",
         "*/tests/**/*.e2e.ts",
         "*/tests/**/*.snapshot.ts"
       ],

package.json

@@ -80,6 +80,7 @@
     "hygiene": "pnpm run knip && pnpm run publint && pnpm run constraints && pnpm run verify-cordis-config && pnpm run verify-node-next-types && pnpm run verify-runtime-closure",
     "demo:echo": "node --expose-internals --import tsx packages/examples/stdio-demo/src/bin.ts examples/echo-agent/cordis.yml",
     "demo:repl": "node --expose-internals --import tsx packages/examples/stdio-demo/src/bin.ts examples/coding-agent/cordis.yml",
+    "demo:tui": "node --expose-internals --import tsx packages/examples/stdio-demo/src/bin.ts examples/tui-agent/cordis.yml",
     "demo:code-mode": "node scripts/demo-code-mode.mjs",
     "demo:cordis": "node --expose-internals --import tsx packages/examples/stdio-demo/src/bin.ts examples/cordis-agent/cordis.yml",
     "demo:acp": "node --import tsx packages/examples/acp-demo/src/bin.ts --config examples/acp-agent/cordis.yml",

scripts/demo-code-mode.mjs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /**
- * Boot the REPL or ACP Code Mode overlay, defaulting to REPL. Each overlay
+ * Boot the REPL, TUI, or ACP Code Mode overlay, defaulting to REPL. Each overlay
  * includes its base example, selects Code Mode, and adds the worker runtime.
- * Both require a DeepSeek API key; unsupported arguments fail with usage.
+ * All require a DeepSeek API key; unsupported arguments fail with usage.
  */
 import { spawn } from 'node:child_process'
 
@@ -10,13 +10,14 @@ import { spawn } from 'node:child_process'
 // Loader's HMR path).
 const UIS = new Map([
   ['repl', ['--expose-internals', '--import', 'tsx', 'packages/examples/stdio-demo/src/bin.ts', 'examples/coding-agent/code-mode.cordis.yml']],
+  ['tui', ['--expose-internals', '--import', 'tsx', 'packages/examples/stdio-demo/src/bin.ts', 'examples/tui-agent/code-mode.cordis.yml']],
   ['acp', ['--import', 'tsx', 'packages/examples/acp-demo/src/bin.ts', '--config', 'examples/acp-agent/code-mode.cordis.yml']],
 ])
 
 const ui = process.argv[2] ?? 'repl'
 const args = UIS.get(ui)
 if (!args || process.argv.length > 3) {
-  console.error('usage: pnpm run demo:code-mode [repl|acp]')
+  console.error('usage: pnpm run demo:code-mode [repl|tui|acp]')
   process.exit(2)
 }
 

scripts/gen-doc-graphs.ts

@@ -434,6 +434,14 @@ const APP_EXAMPLES = [
     config: 'examples/coding-agent/cordis.yml',
     summary: 'The coding-agent demo adds the real DeepSeek adapter, filesystem tools, todo_write, compaction, and both subagent transports on top of the stdio app package.',
   },
+  {
+    id: 'tui',
+    rel: 'examples/tui-agent/composition.md',
+    title: 'TUI Agent App Composition',
+    label: 'examples/tui-agent',
+    config: 'examples/tui-agent/cordis.yml',
+    summary: 'The TUI agent reuses the coding-agent backend and tool composition while fixing the shared terminal app to the full-screen dsh-tui front door.',
+  },
   {
     id: 'cordis',
     rel: 'examples/cordis-agent/composition.md',
@@ -454,13 +462,18 @@ const APP_EXAMPLES = [
 
 type AppExample = typeof APP_EXAMPLES[number]
 
-function renderAppExpansion(lines: string[], appNode: string, pluginName: string): void {
+function renderAppExpansion(lines: string[], appNode: string, pluginName: string, exampleId: string): void {
   const agentCore = nodeId('bundle', 'agent_core')
   const jsonl = nodeId('bundle', 'jsonl')
   lines.push(`  ${appNode} --> ${agentCore}["@deepseek-ai/dsh-agent-spine-demo"]`)
   lines.push(`  ${appNode} --> ${jsonl}["@deepseek-ai/dsh-session-persistence-jsonl"]`)
   if (pluginName === '@deepseek-ai/dsh-stdio-demo') {
-    lines.push(`  ${appNode} --> ${nodeId('frontdoor', 'stdio')}["dsh-tui (TTY) / dsh-stdio (pipes)<br/>pre-created main agent"]`)
+    const frontDoor = exampleId === 'tui'
+      ? '@deepseek-ai/dsh-tui<br/>pre-created main agent'
+      : exampleId === 'coding'
+        ? '@deepseek-ai/dsh-stdio<br/>pre-created main agent'
+        : 'dsh-tui (TTY) / dsh-stdio (pipes)<br/>pre-created main agent'
+    lines.push(`  ${appNode} --> ${nodeId('frontdoor', 'stdio')}["${frontDoor}"]`)
   } else if (pluginName === '@deepseek-ai/dsh-acp-demo') {
     lines.push(`  ${appNode} --> ${nodeId('frontdoor', 'acp')}["@deepseek-ai/dsh-acp<br/>JSON-RPC stdio bridge<br/>sessions created by client"]`)
   }
@@ -488,7 +501,7 @@ function renderAppComposition(example: AppExample): string {
     lines.push(`  ${pluginNode}["${escLabel(plugin.id)}<br/>${escLabel(plugin.name)}"]`)
     lines.push(`  cfg --> ${pluginNode}`)
     if (plugin.name === '@deepseek-ai/dsh-stdio-demo' || plugin.name === '@deepseek-ai/dsh-acp-demo') {
-      renderAppExpansion(lines, pluginNode, plugin.name)
+      renderAppExpansion(lines, pluginNode, plugin.name, example.id)
     }
   }
   lines.push(
@@ -978,6 +991,7 @@ function renderIndex(docs: GraphDoc[]): string {
     'docs/capability-seams.md': 'capability seams and core services',
     'examples/echo-agent/composition.md': 'echo-agent app composition',
     'examples/coding-agent/composition.md': 'coding-agent app composition',
+    'examples/tui-agent/composition.md': 'tui-agent app composition',
     'examples/cordis-agent/composition.md': 'cordis-agent app composition',
     'examples/acp-agent/composition.md': 'acp-agent app composition',
     'docs/event-producer-consumer.md': 'event producer/consumer matrix',
@@ -989,6 +1003,7 @@ function renderIndex(docs: GraphDoc[]): string {
     'docs/capability-seams.md': 'hybrid generated',
     'examples/echo-agent/composition.md': 'hybrid generated',
     'examples/coding-agent/composition.md': 'hybrid generated',
+    'examples/tui-agent/composition.md': 'hybrid generated',
     'examples/cordis-agent/composition.md': 'hybrid generated',
     'examples/acp-agent/composition.md': 'hybrid generated',
     'docs/event-producer-consumer.md': 'hybrid generated',