deepseek-harness/packages/subprocess/subprocess-local/tests/linux-scope.spec.ts

import { EventEmitter } from 'node:events'
import { existsSync, rmSync, unlinkSync, writeFileSync } from 'node:fs'
import { PassThrough } from 'node:stream'
import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
import type { SubprocessSpawnSpec } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-subprocess'
import {
  launchLinuxScope,
  prepareLinuxTerminalScope,
  probeLinuxBootstrap,
  probeLinuxManager,
  probeLinuxNative,
  probeLinuxScope,
  signalLinuxDirectProcess,
} from '../src/linux-scope.ts'
import type { LinuxScopeInternals } from '../src/linux-scope.ts'
import {
  consumeLinuxLaunchRequest,
  linuxLaunchFilesFromLocator,
  writeLinuxStartupError,
} from '../src/runner-protocol.ts'
import { SUBPROCESS_RUNNER_ENV } from '../src/runner-launch.ts'
import { bindManagedProcess } from '../src/spawn.ts'

const childProcessMocks = vi.hoisted(() => ({
  execFile: vi.fn(),
  spawn: vi.fn(),
  spawnSync: vi.fn(),
}))

vi.mock('node:child_process', async (importOriginal) => {
  const actual = await importOriginal<typeof import('node:child_process')>()
  return {
    ...actual,
    execFile: childProcessMocks.execFile as unknown as typeof actual.execFile,
    spawn: childProcessMocks.spawn as typeof actual.spawn,
    spawnSync: childProcessMocks.spawnSync as typeof actual.spawnSync,
  }
})

class FakeChild extends EventEmitter {
  pid: number | undefined = 321
  exitCode: number | null = null
  signalCode: NodeJS.Signals | null = null
  stdin = new PassThrough()
  stdout = new PassThrough()
  stderr = new PassThrough()
  control = new PassThrough()
  stdio = [this.stdin, this.stdout, this.stderr, null, null, null, null, this.control]
  kills: NodeJS.Signals[] = []

  kill(signal: NodeJS.Signals): boolean {
    this.kills.push(signal)
    return true
  }

  exit(exitCode: number | null, signal: NodeJS.Signals | null): void {
    this.exitCode = exitCode
    this.signalCode = signal
    this.emit('exit', exitCode, signal)
  }
}

const directories: string[] = []

// Every test must isolate fake PIDs from host signals, including cases without custom mocks.
beforeEach(() => { denyProcessGroups() })

afterEach(() => {
  for (const directory of directories.splice(0)) {
    rmSync(directory, { recursive: true, force: true })
  }
  vi.restoreAllMocks()
  childProcessMocks.execFile.mockReset()
  childProcessMocks.spawn.mockReset()
  childProcessMocks.spawnSync.mockReset()
})

function missingUnit() {
  return { status: 1, stdout: '', stderr: 'Unit dsh.scope could not be found.' }
}

function activeUnit(state = 'active') {
  return { status: 0, stdout: `LoadState=loaded\nActiveState=${state}\n`, stderr: '' }
}

function unloadedUnit() {
  return { status: 0, stdout: 'LoadState=not-found\nActiveState=inactive\n', stderr: '' }
}

function unitState(loadState: string, activeState: string) {
  return { status: 0, stdout: `LoadState=${loadState}\nActiveState=${activeState}\n`, stderr: '' }
}

function activeUnitWithTasks(tasks: string) {
  return { status: 0, stdout: `LoadState=loaded\nActiveState=active\nTasksCurrent=${tasks}\n`, stderr: '' }
}

/** Reject group delivery and accept direct-PID signals without reaching the host. */
function denyProcessGroups(): void {
  vi.spyOn(process, 'kill').mockImplementation((pid) => {
    if (pid < 0) throw new Error('missing process group')
    return true
  })
}

/** Record the systemctl invocations a scope owner makes, succeeding unless a case overrides it. */
function recordingSystemctl() {
  return vi.fn((_command: string, _args: readonly string[]) => ({ status: 0, stdout: '', stderr: '' }))
}

function spec() {
  return {
    argv: ['tool', 'literal arg'],
    cwd: '/target',
    stdio: { stdin: 'pipe', stdout: 'pipe', stderr: 'pipe' },
    graceMs: 100,
    env: { TARGET: 'yes' },
  } as const
}

function launch(
  query: LinuxScopeInternals['systemctlQuery'],
  overrides: LinuxScopeInternals = {},
  request: SubprocessSpawnSpec = spec(),
) {
  const child = new FakeChild()
  let options: { env?: NodeJS.ProcessEnv; cwd?: string; detached?: boolean } | undefined
  const spawn = vi.fn((_command: string, _args: readonly string[], received: typeof options) => {
    options = received
    return child
  })
  const spawnSync = vi.fn(() => ({ status: 0, stdout: '', stderr: '' }))
  const systemctlQuery = overrides.systemctlQuery ?? query
  const result = launchLinuxScope(request, { TARGET: 'yes' }, {
    spawn: overrides.spawn ?? spawn as never,
    spawnSync: overrides.spawnSync ?? spawnSync as never,
    ...systemctlQuery === undefined ? {} : { systemctlQuery },
    systemdRun: overrides.systemdRun ?? '/bin/systemd-run',
    systemctl: overrides.systemctl ?? '/bin/systemctl',
    runnerInvocation: overrides.runnerInvocation ?? ['/usr/bin/node', '/runner.js'],
    ...overrides.runnerAvailable === undefined ? {} : { runnerAvailable: overrides.runnerAvailable },
    ...overrides.loadLinuxExecve === undefined ? {} : { loadLinuxExecve: overrides.loadLinuxExecve },
    ...overrides.sleep === undefined ? {} : { sleep: overrides.sleep },
  })
  const requestPath = options?.env?.[SUBPROCESS_RUNNER_ENV]
  if (requestPath === undefined) throw new Error('launch did not publish a request locator')
  directories.push(linuxLaunchFilesFromLocator(requestPath).directory)
  return { child, result, requestPath, spawn, spawnSync, options }
}

describe('Linux native capability selection', () => {
  it.each([
    { delivered: true, error: undefined, accepted: true },
    { delivered: false, error: undefined, accepted: false },
    { delivered: false, error: 'ESRCH', accepted: true },
    { delivered: false, error: 'EPERM', accepted: false },
  ])('distinguishes direct signal delivery=$delivered and absence=$error', ({ delivered, error, accepted }) => {
    const probe = vi.spyOn(process, 'kill').mockImplementation(() => {
      if (error !== undefined) throw Object.assign(new Error(error), { code: error })
      return true
    })
    expect(signalLinuxDirectProcess(123, () => delivered)).toBe(accepted)
    if (delivered) expect(probe).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
    else expect(probe).toHaveBeenCalledExactlyOnceWith(123, 0)
  })

  it('checks direct absence after a signal operation throws', () => {
    vi.spyOn(process, 'kill').mockImplementation(() => { throw Object.assign(new Error('absent'), { code: 'ESRCH' }) })
    expect(signalLinuxDirectProcess(123, () => { throw new Error('signal failed') })).toBe(true)
  })

  it('rechecks bootstrap and literal transient-scope support', () => {
    const spawnSync = vi.fn(() => ({ status: 0, error: undefined }))
    const runnerAvailable = vi.fn(() => true)
    const loadLinuxExecve = vi.fn(() => vi.fn() as never)
    const inputs = {
      spawnSync: spawnSync as never,
      runnerAvailable,
      runnerInvocation: ['/usr/bin/node', '/runner.js'] as [string, ...string[]],
      loadLinuxExecve,
      systemdRun: '/bin/systemd-run',
      systemctl: '/bin/systemctl',
    }
    expect(probeLinuxNative(inputs)).toBe(true)
    expect(probeLinuxNative(inputs)).toBe(true)
    expect(runnerAvailable).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2)
    expect(loadLinuxExecve).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2)
    expect(spawnSync).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2)
    expect(probeLinuxBootstrap({
      ...inputs,
      loadLinuxExecve: () => { throw new Error('libc execve missing') },
    })).toBe(false)
  })

  it('reports each failed dynamic prerequisite without executing a target', () => {
    expect(probeLinuxScope({
      spawnSync: vi.fn(() => ({ status: null, error: new Error('missing') })) as never,
    })).toBe(false)
    expect(probeLinuxBootstrap({
      loadLinuxExecve: () => vi.fn() as never,
      runnerInvocation: ['/missing'],
      runnerAvailable: () => false,
    })).toBe(false)
    expect(probeLinuxBootstrap({
      loadLinuxExecve: () => vi.fn() as never,
      resolveRunnerInvocation: () => { throw new Error('runner resolution failed') },
    })).toBe(false)
  })

  it('uses the default command adapters and runner resolution', () => {
    childProcessMocks.spawnSync.mockReturnValue({ status: 0, error: undefined })
    expect(probeLinuxScope()).toBe(true)
    expect(probeLinuxManager()).toBe(true)
    expect(childProcessMocks.spawnSync).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2)
    expect(probeLinuxBootstrap({ loadLinuxExecve: () => vi.fn() as never })).toBe(true)
    expect(probeLinuxBootstrap({
      runnerInvocation: [process.execPath],
      runnerAvailable: () => true,
    })).toBe(process.platform !== 'win32')
  })

  it('keeps quieting on the transient-scope probe but preserves manager diagnostics', () => {
    const spawnSync = vi.fn((
      _command: string,
      _args: readonly string[],
      _options: unknown,
    ) => ({ status: 0, error: undefined }))
    expect(probeLinuxScope({ spawnSync: spawnSync as never })).toBe(true)
    expect(probeLinuxManager({ spawnSync: spawnSync as never })).toBe(true)
    const scopeOptions = spawnSync.mock.calls[0]?.[2] as { env: NodeJS.ProcessEnv }
    const managerOptions = spawnSync.mock.calls[1]?.[2] as { env: NodeJS.ProcessEnv }
    expect(scopeOptions.env).toMatchObject({ LC_ALL: 'C', SYSTEMD_LOG_TARGET: 'null' })
    expect(managerOptions.env).toMatchObject({ LC_ALL: 'C' })
    expect(managerOptions.env).not.toHaveProperty('SYSTEMD_LOG_TARGET')

    expect(probeLinuxManager({
      spawnSync: vi.fn(() => ({ status: 1, error: undefined })) as never,
    })).toBe(false)
    expect(probeLinuxManager({
      spawnSync: vi.fn(() => ({ status: null, error: new Error('missing') })) as never,
    })).toBe(false)
  })
})

describe('Linux scope establishment and quiescence', () => {
  it.each(['abort', 'terminate'] as const)('settles and cleans a managed handle after early %s', async (action) => {
    const { child, result, requestPath } = launch(async () => missingUnit())
    const processKill = vi.spyOn(process, 'kill')
    const controller = new AbortController()
    const handle = bindManagedProcess({ ...spec(), signal: controller.signal }, result)
    if (action === 'abort') controller.abort(new Error('cancelled'))
    else handle.terminate()
    expect(processKill).toHaveBeenCalledWith(321, 'SIGTERM')
    child.exit(null, 'SIGTERM')
    child.stdout.end()
    child.stderr.end()
    await expect(handle.done).resolves.toEqual({ exitCode: null, signal: 'SIGTERM' })
    await expect(handle.waitForExit()).resolves.toBe(true)
    expect(existsSync(linuxLaunchFilesFromLocator(requestPath).directory)).toBe(false)
  })

  it.each([
    { exitCode: 1, signal: null },
    { exitCode: null, signal: 'SIGSEGV' as const },
  ])('retains unrelated bootstrap failure $exitCode / $signal after a termination request', async (outcome) => {
    const { child, result } = launch(async () => missingUnit())
    result.owner.signal('SIGTERM')
    child.exit(outcome.exitCode, outcome.signal)
    await expect(result.direct).rejects.toThrow('before its bootstrap consumed')
    await expect(result.owner.waitForExit()).resolves.toBeUndefined()
    result.owner.cleanup?.()
  })

  it('does not mistake pre-establishment unit absence for quiescence and settles an empty range after cancellation', async () => {
    const { child, result, requestPath, spawnSync } = launch(async () => missingUnit())
    const processKill = vi.spyOn(process, 'kill')
    const waiting = result.owner.waitForExit()
    result.owner.signal('SIGTERM')
    expect(processKill).toHaveBeenCalledWith(321, 'SIGTERM')
    expect(spawnSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith('/bin/systemctl', expect.arrayContaining([
      'kill', '--kill-whom=all', '--signal=SIGTERM',
    ]), expect.anything())
    const direct = expect(result.direct).resolves.toEqual({ exitCode: null, signal: 'SIGTERM' })
    child.exit(null, 'SIGTERM')
    await direct
    await expect(waiting).resolves.toBeUndefined()
    expect(existsSync(requestPath)).toBe(true)
    result.owner.cleanup?.()
  })

  it('accepts request consumption followed by rapid --collect unload as stopped', async () => {
    const states = [activeUnit(), unloadedUnit()]
    const { child, result, requestPath } = launch(async () => states.shift() ?? missingUnit())
    expect(consumeLinuxLaunchRequest(requestPath)).toEqual({ cwd: '/target', env: { TARGET: 'yes' } })
    const waiting = result.owner.waitForExit()
    child.exit(0, null)
    await expect(result.direct).resolves.toEqual({ exitCode: 0, signal: null })
    await expect(waiting).resolves.toBeUndefined()
    result.owner.signal('SIGKILL')
    result.owner.cleanup?.()
    expect(existsSync(linuxLaunchFilesFromLocator(requestPath).directory)).toBe(false)
  })

  it.each(['SIGTERM', 'SIGKILL'] as const)('uses the scope alone after establishment and the direct range only when scope %s fails', async (signal) => {
    const spawnSync = vi.fn()
      .mockReturnValueOnce({ status: 0, stdout: '', stderr: '' })
      .mockReturnValueOnce({ status: 1, stdout: '', stderr: 'scope signal failed' })
    const { child, result, requestPath } = launch(async () => activeUnit(), {
      spawnSync: spawnSync as never,
    })
    consumeLinuxLaunchRequest(requestPath)
    const processKill = vi.spyOn(process, 'kill').mockReturnValue(true)

    result.owner.signal('SIGTERM')
    expect(processKill).not.toHaveBeenCalled()

    result.owner.signal(signal)
    expect(processKill.mock.calls).toEqual(signal === 'SIGKILL'
      ? [[-321, signal], [321, signal]]
      : [[-321, signal]])
    expect(child.kills).toEqual([])
    expect(spawnSync).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2)

    child.exit(null, signal)
    await expect(result.direct).resolves.toEqual({ exitCode: null, signal })
    result.owner.cleanup?.()
  })

  it('uses manager-observed unit existence as establishment proof', async () => {
    const { child, result } = launch(async () => activeUnit('inactive'))
    await expect(result.owner.waitForExit()).resolves.toBeUndefined()
    child.exit(1, null)
    await expect(result.direct).rejects.toThrow('before its bootstrap consumed')
    result.owner.cleanup?.()
  })

  it('keeps waiting while the unit is absent and the direct launcher is still running', async () => {
    const states = [missingUnit(), activeUnit('inactive')]
    const { child, result } = launch(async () => states.shift() ?? activeUnit('inactive'))
    await expect(result.owner.waitForExit()).resolves.toBeUndefined()
    child.exit(1, null)
    await expect(result.direct).rejects.toThrow('before its bootstrap consumed')
    result.owner.cleanup?.()
  })

  it('treats status-zero not-found as pending until the direct launcher proves the range was never created', async () => {
    const state: { child?: FakeChild } = {}
    const launched = launch(async () => unloadedUnit(), {
      sleep: async () => { state.child?.exit(127, null) },
    })
    state.child = launched.child
    await expect(launched.result.owner.waitForExit()).resolves.toBeUndefined()
    await expect(launched.result.direct).rejects.toThrow('before its bootstrap consumed')
    launched.result.owner.cleanup?.()
  })

  it('polls promptly before establishment and backs off established active scopes', async () => {
    const delays: number[] = []
    const states = [
      missingUnit(),
      activeUnit(),
      activeUnit(),
      activeUnit(),
      activeUnit(),
      activeUnit(),
      activeUnit(),
      activeUnit(),
      activeUnit(),
      activeUnit('inactive'),
    ]
    const launched = launch(
      async () => states.shift() ?? activeUnit('inactive'),
      { sleep: async (delayMs) => { delays.push(delayMs) } },
    )

    await expect(launched.result.owner.waitForExit()).resolves.toBeUndefined()
    expect(delays).toEqual([50, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1_600, 3_200, 5_000])
    launched.result.owner.cleanup?.()
  })

  it('keeps reloading scopes active and lets terminate wake a backed-off observation', async () => {
    const states = [activeUnit('reloading'), activeUnit('inactive')]
    const sleeping = Promise.withResolvers<undefined>()
    const sleep = vi.fn(async (_delayMs: number, signal?: AbortSignal) => {
      sleeping.resolve(undefined)
      if (signal === undefined) throw new Error('missing sleep cancellation signal')
      await new Promise<void>((resolve) => { signal.addEventListener('abort', () => { resolve() }, { once: true }) })
    })
    const launched = launch(async () => states.shift() ?? activeUnit('inactive'), { sleep })
    consumeLinuxLaunchRequest(launched.requestPath)
    const waiting = launched.result.owner.waitForExit()
    await sleeping.promise
    launched.result.owner.signal('SIGTERM')
    await expect(waiting).resolves.toBeUndefined()
    expect(sleep).toHaveBeenCalledOnce()
    expect(sleep.mock.calls[0]?.[0]).toBe(50)
    expect(sleep.mock.calls[0]?.[1]?.aborted).toBe(true)
    expect(launched.spawnSync).toHaveBeenCalledOnce()
    launched.result.owner.cleanup?.()
  })

  it('skips the next poll delay when terminate arrives during a manager query', async () => {
    const firstQuery = Promise.withResolvers<ReturnType<typeof activeUnit>>()
    const query = vi.fn()
      .mockImplementationOnce(async () => await firstQuery.promise)
      .mockResolvedValueOnce(activeUnit('inactive'))
    const sleep = vi.fn(async () => {})
    const launched = launch(query, { sleep })
    consumeLinuxLaunchRequest(launched.requestPath)
    const waiting = launched.result.owner.waitForExit()
    launched.result.owner.signal('SIGTERM')
    firstQuery.resolve(activeUnit())
    await expect(waiting).resolves.toBeUndefined()
    expect(sleep).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
    launched.result.owner.cleanup?.()
  })

  it.each([
    { exitCode: 127, signal: null },
    { exitCode: null, signal: 'SIGTERM' as const },
  ])('rejects unexpected bootstrap exit $exitCode / $signal and settles the empty range', async (outcome) => {
    const { child, result } = launch(async () => missingUnit())
    child.exit(outcome.exitCode, outcome.signal)
    await expect(result.direct).rejects.toThrow('before its bootstrap consumed')
    await expect(result.owner.waitForExit()).resolves.toBeUndefined()
    result.owner.cleanup?.()
  })

  it('preserves a recorded pre-exec failure even when cancellation also terminates the bootstrap', async () => {
    const { child, result, requestPath } = launch(async () => missingUnit())
    const files = linuxLaunchFilesFromLocator(requestPath)
    result.owner.signal('SIGTERM')
    unlinkSync(requestPath)
    writeLinuxStartupError(files, {
      type: 'error',
      error: { name: 'Error', message: 'spawn tool ENOENT', code: 'ENOENT' },
    })
    child.exit(null, 'SIGTERM')
    await expect(result.direct).rejects.toMatchObject({ code: 'ENOENT' })
    result.owner.cleanup?.()
  })

  it('retries a failed state query and rejects unknown states or failed final kills', async () => {
    const query = vi.fn()
      .mockResolvedValueOnce({ status: null, stdout: '', stderr: '', error: new Error('query failed') })
      .mockResolvedValueOnce(missingUnit())
    const { result, requestPath } = launch(query)
    unlinkSync(requestPath)
    await expect(result.owner.waitForExit()).rejects.toThrow('query failed')
    await expect(result.owner.waitForExit()).resolves.toBeUndefined()
    result.owner.cleanup?.()

    const unknown = launch(async () => activeUnit('mystery'))
    await expect(unknown.result.owner.waitForExit()).rejects.toThrow('unknown ActiveState')
    unknown.result.owner.cleanup?.()

    const unknownLoad = launch(async () => unitState('masked', 'inactive'))
    await expect(unknownLoad.result.owner.waitForExit()).rejects.toThrow('unknown state')
    unknownLoad.result.owner.cleanup?.()

    const killFailed = launch(async () => activeUnit(), {
      spawnSync: vi.fn(() => ({ status: 1, stdout: '', stderr: 'permission denied' })) as never,
    })
    vi.spyOn(process, 'kill').mockImplementation(() => { throw Object.assign(new Error('denied'), { code: 'EPERM' }) })
    killFailed.result.owner.signal('SIGKILL')
    await expect(killFailed.result.owner.waitForExit()).rejects.toThrow('could not signal')
    killFailed.result.owner.cleanup?.()
  })

  it('rechecks a pre-signal observation before reporting a failed final kill', async () => {
    denyProcessGroups()
    const beforeKill = Promise.withResolvers<ReturnType<typeof activeUnit>>()
    const query = vi.fn()
      .mockImplementationOnce(() => beforeKill.promise)
      .mockResolvedValueOnce(activeUnit('inactive'))
    const sleep = vi.fn(async () => {})
    const launched = launch(query, {
      sleep,
      spawnSync: vi.fn(() => ({ status: 1, stdout: '', stderr: 'Invalid argument' })) as never,
    })
    consumeLinuxLaunchRequest(launched.requestPath)
    const waiting = launched.result.owner.waitForExit()
    launched.result.owner.signal('SIGKILL')
    launched.child.exit(null, 'SIGKILL')
    beforeKill.resolve(activeUnit())
    await expect(waiting).resolves.toBeUndefined()
    await expect(launched.result.direct).resolves.toEqual({ exitCode: null, signal: 'SIGKILL' })
    expect(query).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2)
    expect(sleep).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
    launched.result.owner.cleanup?.()
  })

  it('does not accept a pre-signal empty observation when the fresh range remains populated', async () => {
    denyProcessGroups()
    const beforeKill = Promise.withResolvers<ReturnType<typeof activeUnit>>()
    const query = vi.fn()
      .mockImplementationOnce(() => beforeKill.promise)
      .mockResolvedValueOnce(activeUnitWithTasks('1'))
    const launched = launch(query, {
      spawnSync: vi.fn(() => ({ status: 1, stdout: '', stderr: 'Invalid argument' })) as never,
    })
    consumeLinuxLaunchRequest(launched.requestPath)
    const waiting = launched.result.owner.waitForExit()
    launched.result.owner.signal('SIGKILL')
    launched.child.exit(null, 'SIGKILL')
    beforeKill.resolve(activeUnit('inactive'))
    await expect(waiting).rejects.toThrow('Invalid argument')
    await launched.result.direct
    expect(query).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2)
    launched.result.owner.cleanup?.()
  })

  it('accepts a confirmed empty range after a failed final kill', async () => {
    denyProcessGroups()
    const spawnSync = recordingSystemctl()
      .mockReturnValueOnce({ status: 1, stdout: '', stderr: 'Invalid argument' })
    const launched = launch(async () => activeUnitWithTasks('0'), { spawnSync: spawnSync as never })
    consumeLinuxLaunchRequest(launched.requestPath)
    launched.result.owner.signal('SIGKILL')
    launched.child.exit(null, 'SIGKILL')
    await expect(launched.result.owner.waitForExit()).resolves.toBeUndefined()
    await expect(launched.result.direct).resolves.toEqual({ exitCode: null, signal: 'SIGKILL' })
    expect(spawnSync.mock.calls.map(call => call[1]?.[1])).toEqual(['kill', 'stop'])
    launched.result.owner.cleanup?.()
  })

  it.each([
    { state: 'empty', fresh: activeUnitWithTasks('0'), settles: true },
    { state: 'inactive', fresh: activeUnit('inactive'), settles: true },
    { state: 'populated', fresh: activeUnitWithTasks('1'), settles: false },
    { state: 'unknown', fresh: activeUnitWithTasks('[not set]'), settles: false },
  ].flatMap(value => ['delivered', 'already absent'].map(delivery => ({ ...value, delivery })))
    .flatMap(value => [false, true].map(groupAccepted => ({ ...value, groupAccepted }))))(
    'joins a $delivery direct kill with groupAccepted=$groupAccepted before deciding a $state scope', async ({ fresh, settles, delivery, groupAccepted }) => {
      const processKill = vi.spyOn(process, 'kill').mockImplementation((pid) => {
        if ((pid < 0 && groupAccepted) || (pid > 0 && delivery === 'delivered')) return true
        throw Object.assign(new Error('absent'), { code: 'ESRCH' })
      })
      const firstRead = Promise.withResolvers<ReturnType<typeof activeUnit>>()
      const queried = Promise.withResolvers<undefined>()
      const query = vi.fn()
        .mockImplementationOnce(() => { queried.resolve(undefined); return firstRead.promise })
        .mockResolvedValueOnce(fresh)
      const sleep = vi.fn(async () => { throw new Error('unexpected poll delay') })
      const spawnSync = recordingSystemctl()
        .mockReturnValueOnce({ status: 1, stdout: '', stderr: 'Invalid argument' })
      const launched = launch(query, { sleep, spawnSync: spawnSync as never }, {
        ...spec(), stdio: { ...spec().stdio, control: 'pipe' },
      })
      consumeLinuxLaunchRequest(launched.requestPath)
      launched.result.owner.signal('SIGKILL')
      let completed = false
      const waiting = launched.result.owner.waitForExit().finally(() => { completed = true })
      void waiting.catch(() => {})
      try {
        await queried.promise
        firstRead.resolve(activeUnitWithTasks('1'))
        await new Promise<void>(resolve => setImmediate(resolve))
        expect(completed).toBe(false)
        expect(processKill).toHaveBeenCalledWith(321, 'SIGKILL')
        expect(query).toHaveBeenCalledOnce()
        expect(sleep).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
        launched.child.exit(null, 'SIGKILL')
        if (settles) await expect(waiting).resolves.toBeUndefined()
        else await expect(waiting).rejects.toThrow('Invalid argument')
        expect(query).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2)
        expect(sleep).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
        expect(launched.result.control).toBe(launched.child.control)
        expect(launched.child.stdout.destroyed).toBe(false)
        expect(launched.child.control.destroyed).toBe(false)
      } finally {
        launched.child.exit(null, 'SIGKILL')
        await launched.result.direct
        launched.child.stdout.destroy()
        launched.child.stderr.destroy()
        launched.child.control.destroy()
        launched.result.owner.cleanup?.()
      }
    },
  )

  it('reports failed scope and direct kill submission without awaiting direct exit', async () => {
    vi.spyOn(process, 'kill').mockImplementation(() => { throw Object.assign(new Error('denied'), { code: 'EPERM' }) })
    const query = vi.fn(async () => activeUnitWithTasks('1'))
    const launched = launch(query, {
      spawnSync: vi.fn(() => ({ status: 1, stdout: '', stderr: 'permission denied' })) as never,
    })
    consumeLinuxLaunchRequest(launched.requestPath)
    launched.result.owner.signal('SIGKILL')
    try {
      await expect(launched.result.owner.waitForExit()).rejects.toThrow('permission denied')
      expect(launched.child.signalCode).toBeNull()
      expect(query).toHaveBeenCalledOnce()
    } finally {
      launched.child.exit(null, 'SIGKILL')
      await launched.result.direct
      launched.result.owner.cleanup?.()
    }
  })

  it.each(['live', 'EPERM', 'ESRCH'].flatMap(probe => [
    { probe, exitCode: 23, signal: null },
    { probe, exitCode: null, signal: 'SIGKILL' as const },
  ]))('preserves the eventual direct exit $exitCode / $signal after a denied kill and a $probe PID probe', async ({ probe, exitCode, signal }) => {
    const signalFailure = Object.assign(new Error('kill EPERM'), { code: 'EPERM' })
    const processKill = vi.spyOn(process, 'kill').mockImplementation((pid, signal) => {
      if (pid < 0 || (signal === 0 && probe === 'live')) return true
      if (signal === 0) throw Object.assign(new Error(probe), { code: probe })
      throw signalFailure
    })
    const query = vi.fn(async () => activeUnitWithTasks('1'))
    const launched = launch(query, {
      spawnSync: vi.fn(() => ({ status: 1, stdout: '', stderr: 'scope permission denied' })) as never,
    })
    vi.spyOn(launched.child, 'kill').mockImplementation(() => {
      launched.child.emit('error', signalFailure)
      return false
    })
    let directSettled = false
    const direct = launched.result.direct.finally(() => { directSettled = true })
    void direct.catch(() => {})
    consumeLinuxLaunchRequest(launched.requestPath)
    launched.result.owner.signal('SIGKILL')
    let failure: unknown
    const waiting = launched.result.owner.waitForExit().catch((error: unknown) => { failure = error })
    try {
      await new Promise<void>(resolve => setImmediate(resolve))
      expect(directSettled).toBe(false)
      if (probe === 'ESRCH') expect(failure).toBeUndefined()
      else expect(failure).toHaveProperty('message', expect.stringContaining('scope permission denied'))
      expect(launched.child.signalCode).toBeNull()
      expect(query).toHaveBeenCalledOnce()
      expect(processKill.mock.calls).toEqual([[-321, 'SIGKILL'], [321, 'SIGKILL'], [321, 0]])
      launched.child.exit(exitCode, signal)
      await expect(direct).resolves.toEqual({ exitCode, signal })
      await waiting
      expect(failure).toHaveProperty('message', expect.stringContaining('scope permission denied'))
      expect(query).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(probe === 'ESRCH' ? 2 : 1)
    } finally {
      launched.child.exit(exitCode, signal)
      await direct.catch(() => {})
      await waiting
      launched.result.owner.cleanup?.()
    }
  })

  it('reports a fresh surviving range immediately when direct exit precedes its query', async () => {
    denyProcessGroups()
    const query = vi.fn(async () => activeUnitWithTasks('1'))
    const launched = launch(query, {
      spawnSync: vi.fn(() => ({ status: 1, stdout: '', stderr: 'Invalid argument' })) as never,
    })
    consumeLinuxLaunchRequest(launched.requestPath)
    launched.result.owner.signal('SIGKILL')
    launched.child.exit(null, 'SIGKILL')
    await expect(launched.result.owner.waitForExit()).rejects.toThrow('Invalid argument')
    expect(query).toHaveBeenCalledOnce()
    await launched.result.direct
    launched.result.owner.cleanup?.()
  })

  it('keeps a direct launch error observable while joining its settlement', async () => {
    denyProcessGroups()
    const firstRead = Promise.withResolvers<ReturnType<typeof activeUnit>>()
    const query = vi.fn()
      .mockImplementationOnce(() => firstRead.promise)
      .mockResolvedValueOnce(activeUnit('inactive'))
    const launched = launch(query, {
      spawnSync: vi.fn(() => ({ status: 1, stdout: '', stderr: 'Invalid argument' })) as never,
    })
    consumeLinuxLaunchRequest(launched.requestPath)
    launched.result.owner.signal('SIGKILL')
    const waiting = launched.result.owner.waitForExit()
    firstRead.resolve(activeUnitWithTasks('1'))
    await new Promise<void>(resolve => setImmediate(resolve))
    const failure = new Error('direct process error')
    const directFailure = expect(launched.result.direct).rejects.toBe(failure)
    launched.child.emit('error', failure)
    await directFailure
    await expect(waiting).resolves.toBeUndefined()
    expect(query).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2)
    launched.result.owner.cleanup?.()
  })

  it('retains state-query errors without awaiting direct settlement', async () => {
    denyProcessGroups()
    const failure = new Error('manager unreachable')
    const launched = launch(async () => { throw failure }, {
      spawnSync: vi.fn(() => ({ status: 1, stdout: '', stderr: 'Invalid argument' })) as never,
    })
    consumeLinuxLaunchRequest(launched.requestPath)
    launched.result.owner.signal('SIGKILL')
    await expect(launched.result.owner.waitForExit()).rejects.toBe(failure)
    expect(launched.child.signalCode).toBeNull()
    launched.child.exit(null, 'SIGKILL')
    await launched.result.direct
    launched.result.owner.cleanup?.()
  })

  it('settles a consumed empty scope before its launcher reports exit after a failed kill', async () => {
    denyProcessGroups()
    const spawnSync = recordingSystemctl()
      .mockReturnValueOnce({ status: 1, stdout: '', stderr: 'Invalid argument' })
    const launched = launch(async () => activeUnitWithTasks('0'), { spawnSync: spawnSync as never })
    consumeLinuxLaunchRequest(launched.requestPath)
    launched.result.owner.signal('SIGKILL')
    try {
      await expect(launched.result.owner.waitForExit()).resolves.toBeUndefined()
      expect(launched.child.exitCode).toBeNull()
      expect(launched.child.signalCode).toBeNull()
      expect(spawnSync.mock.calls.map(call => call[1]?.[1])).toEqual(['kill', 'stop'])
    } finally {
      launched.child.exit(null, 'SIGKILL')
      await launched.result.direct
      launched.result.owner.cleanup?.()
    }
  })

  it.each([
    { tasks: '1', clientRunning: false },
    { tasks: '[not set]', clientRunning: false },
    { tasks: '0', clientRunning: true },
  ])('retains a failed kill with tasks=$tasks and clientRunning=$clientRunning', async ({ tasks, clientRunning }) => {
    denyProcessGroups()
    const spawnSync = recordingSystemctl()
      .mockReturnValueOnce({ status: 1, stdout: '', stderr: 'Invalid argument' })
    const launched = launch(async () => activeUnitWithTasks(tasks), { spawnSync: spawnSync as never })
    if (clientRunning) {
      vi.spyOn(process, 'kill').mockImplementation(() => { throw Object.assign(new Error('denied'), { code: 'EPERM' }) })
    }
    if (!clientRunning) consumeLinuxLaunchRequest(launched.requestPath)
    launched.result.owner.signal('SIGKILL')
    if (!clientRunning) launched.child.exit(null, 'SIGKILL')
    await expect(launched.result.owner.waitForExit()).rejects.toThrow('Invalid argument')
    expect(spawnSync).toHaveBeenCalledOnce()
    if (clientRunning) launched.child.exit(null, 'SIGKILL')
    await launched.result.direct
    launched.result.owner.cleanup?.()
  })

  it('reports command-query failures from the default systemctl adapter', async () => {
    childProcessMocks.execFile.mockImplementationOnce((...args: unknown[]) => {
      const callback = args.at(-1) as (error: Error | null, stdout: string, stderr: string) => void
      const options = args[2] as { env: NodeJS.ProcessEnv }
      expect(options.env).toMatchObject({ LC_ALL: 'C' })
      expect(options.env).not.toHaveProperty('SYSTEMD_LOG_TARGET')
      callback(null, 'LoadState=loaded\nActiveState=inactive\n', 'manager diagnostic remains readable')
      return new EventEmitter()
    })
    const stopped = launch(undefined)
    await expect(stopped.result.owner.waitForExit()).resolves.toBeUndefined()
    stopped.result.owner.cleanup?.()

    const queryError = Object.assign(new Error('systemctl execution failed'), { code: 'ENOENT' })
    childProcessMocks.execFile.mockImplementationOnce((...args: unknown[]) => {
      const callback = args.at(-1) as (error: Error | null, stdout: string, stderr: string) => void
      callback(queryError, '', '')
      return new EventEmitter()
    })
    const failed = launch(undefined)
    await expect(failed.result.owner.waitForExit()).rejects.toBe(queryError)
    failed.result.owner.cleanup?.()
  })

  it('rejects malformed, duplicate, incomplete, and extra manager state fields', async () => {
    for (const [stdout, message] of [
      ['loaded\nActiveState=active\n', 'malformed state'],
      ['LoadState=loaded\nLoadState=loaded\nActiveState=active\n', 'duplicate LoadState'],
      ['LoadState=loaded\n', 'incomplete state'],
      ['LoadState=loaded\nActiveState=inactive\nOther=value\n', 'incomplete state'],
      ['LoadState=loaded\nActiveState=active\nTasksCurrent=0\nOther=value\n', 'incomplete state'],
    ] as const) {
      const launched = launch(async () => ({ status: 0, stdout, stderr: '' }))
      await expect(launched.result.owner.waitForExit()).rejects.toThrow(message)
      launched.result.owner.cleanup?.()
    }
  })

  it('rejects a manager process count that is neither numeric nor the unset sentinel', async () => {
    const launched = launch(async () => activeUnitWithTasks('many'))
    await expect(launched.result.owner.waitForExit()).rejects.toThrow('non-numeric TasksCurrent')
    launched.result.owner.cleanup?.()
  })

  it('releases an active scope left with no processes once its client has gone', async () => {
    // Regression: the manager's empty cgroup never ends this unit on its own.
    denyProcessGroups()
    const spawnSync = recordingSystemctl()
    const launched = launch(async () => activeUnitWithTasks('0'), { spawnSync: spawnSync as never })
    launched.result.owner.signal('SIGKILL')
    launched.child.exit(null, 'SIGKILL')
    await expect(launched.result.owner.waitForExit()).resolves.toBeUndefined()
    expect(spawnSync.mock.calls.map(call => call[1])).toEqual([
      ['--user', 'kill', '--kill-whom=all', '--signal=SIGKILL', expect.stringMatching(/\.scope$/u)],
      ['--user', 'stop', expect.stringMatching(/\.scope$/u)],
    ])
    launched.result.owner.cleanup?.()
  })

  it('concludes the empty range even when releasing the leftover scope fails', async () => {
    denyProcessGroups()
    const spawnSync = recordingSystemctl()
      .mockImplementationOnce(() => ({ status: 0, stdout: '', stderr: '' }))
      .mockImplementationOnce(() => { throw new Error('systemctl is gone') })
    const launched = launch(async () => activeUnitWithTasks('0'), { spawnSync: spawnSync as never })
    launched.result.owner.signal('SIGKILL')
    launched.child.exit(null, 'SIGKILL')
    await expect(launched.result.owner.waitForExit()).resolves.toBeUndefined()
    launched.result.owner.cleanup?.()
  })

  it('keeps waiting while the client still owns an active scope with no processes', async () => {
    denyProcessGroups()
    const spawnSync = recordingSystemctl()
    const states = [activeUnitWithTasks('0'), unloadedUnit()]
    const launched = launch(async () => states.shift() ?? unloadedUnit(), {
      spawnSync: spawnSync as never,
    })
    launched.result.owner.signal('SIGTERM')
    await expect(launched.result.owner.waitForExit()).resolves.toBeUndefined()
    expect(spawnSync.mock.calls.map(call => call[1]?.[1])).toEqual(['kill'])
    launched.result.owner.cleanup?.()
  })

  it('keeps waiting for an active empty scope no termination has requested', async () => {
    const states = [activeUnitWithTasks('0'), unloadedUnit()]
    const launched = launch(async () => states.shift() ?? unloadedUnit())
    await expect(launched.result.owner.waitForExit()).resolves.toBeUndefined()
    expect(launched.spawnSync).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
    launched.result.owner.cleanup?.()
  })

  it('treats an unset process count as unknown and keeps waiting', async () => {
    const states = [activeUnitWithTasks('[not set]'), unloadedUnit()]
    const launched = launch(async () => states.shift() ?? unloadedUnit())
    await expect(launched.result.owner.waitForExit()).resolves.toBeUndefined()
    expect(launched.spawnSync).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
    launched.result.owner.cleanup?.()
  })

  it('keeps signal failures scoped to final kill proof and stays idempotent after stop', async () => {
    const spawnSync = vi.fn()
      .mockReturnValueOnce({ status: 1, stdout: '', stderr: '' })
      .mockReturnValueOnce({ status: 1, stderr: 'Unit dsh.scope could not be found.' })
      .mockReturnValueOnce({ status: 1, stdout: '', stderr: '' })
      .mockReturnValueOnce({ status: 0, stdout: '', stderr: '' })
    const states = [activeUnit(), activeUnit('failed')]
    const launched = launch(async () => states.shift() ?? missingUnit(), {
      spawnSync: spawnSync as never,
    })
    launched.child.pid = undefined
    unlinkSync(launched.requestPath)
    launched.result.owner.signal('SIGTERM')
    launched.result.owner.signal('SIGKILL')
    launched.result.owner.signal('SIGKILL')
    launched.result.owner.signal('SIGKILL')
    await expect(launched.result.owner.waitForExit()).resolves.toBeUndefined()
    await expect(launched.result.owner.waitForExit()).resolves.toBeUndefined()
    launched.result.owner.terminateForHostExit()
    expect(spawnSync).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(4)
    launched.result.owner.cleanup?.()
  })

  it('reports unreadable manager output and a failed kill before establishment', async () => {
    const withOutput = launch(async () => ({
      status: 5, stdout: '', stderr: 'permission denied',
    }))
    await expect(withOutput.result.owner.waitForExit()).rejects.toThrow('permission denied')
    withOutput.result.owner.cleanup?.()

    const withoutOutput = launch(async () => ({ status: null, stdout: '', stderr: '' }))
    await expect(withoutOutput.result.owner.waitForExit()).rejects.toThrow('exit null')
    withoutOutput.result.owner.cleanup?.()

    const killFailed = launch(async () => missingUnit(), {
      spawnSync: vi.fn(() => ({ status: 1, stdout: '', stderr: 'kill denied' })) as never,
    })
    vi.spyOn(process, 'kill').mockImplementation(() => { throw new Error('missing process group') })
    killFailed.result.owner.signal('SIGKILL')
    await expect(killFailed.result.owner.waitForExit()).rejects.toThrow('kill denied')
    killFailed.result.owner.cleanup?.()
  })

  it('settles direct outcomes once and reports malformed startup errors', async () => {
    const childError = launch(async () => missingUnit())
    const spawnError = new Error('systemd-run failed')
    childError.child.emit('error', spawnError)
    childError.child.exit(1, null)
    await expect(childError.result.direct).rejects.toBe(spawnError)
    childError.result.owner.cleanup?.()

    const lateError = launch(async () => missingUnit())
    consumeLinuxLaunchRequest(lateError.requestPath)
    lateError.child.exit(0, null)
    lateError.child.emit('error', new Error('late child error'))
    await expect(lateError.result.direct).resolves.toEqual({ exitCode: 0, signal: null })
    lateError.result.owner.cleanup?.()

    const malformed = launch(async () => missingUnit())
    const files = linuxLaunchFilesFromLocator(malformed.requestPath)
    unlinkSync(malformed.requestPath)
    writeFileSync(files.startupErrorPath, '{', { mode: 0o600 })
    malformed.child.exit(127, null)
    await expect(malformed.result.direct).rejects.toBeInstanceOf(SyntaxError)
    malformed.result.owner.cleanup?.()
  })

  it('does not signal a direct group before the launcher publishes a pid', async () => {
    const launched = launch(async () => activeUnit('inactive'))
    launched.child.pid = undefined
    const processKill = vi.spyOn(process, 'kill')
    launched.result.owner.signal('SIGTERM')
    expect(processKill).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
    expect(launched.child.kills).toEqual([])
    consumeLinuxLaunchRequest(launched.requestPath)
    launched.child.exit(0, null)
    await expect(launched.result.direct).resolves.toEqual({ exitCode: 0, signal: null })
    launched.result.owner.cleanup?.()
  })

  it('does not signal the direct group after the launcher exits', async () => {
    const { child, result, requestPath, spawnSync } = launch(async () => activeUnit())
    consumeLinuxLaunchRequest(requestPath)
    child.exit(0, null)
    await expect(result.direct).resolves.toEqual({ exitCode: 0, signal: null })
    const processKill = vi.spyOn(process, 'kill')

    result.owner.signal('SIGTERM')
    result.owner.terminateForHostExit()

    expect(processKill).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
    expect(child.kills).toEqual([])
    expect(spawnSync).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2)
    result.owner.cleanup?.()
  })

  it('signals the group and direct process before the exact synchronous scope kill on host exit', () => {
    const events: string[] = []
    const { result } = launch(async () => missingUnit(), {
      spawnSync: vi.fn(() => { events.push('scope'); return { status: 0 } }) as never,
    })
    vi.spyOn(process, 'kill').mockImplementation((pid) => { events.push(pid < 0 ? 'group' : 'direct'); return true })
    result.owner.terminateForHostExit()
    expect(events).toEqual(['group', 'direct', 'scope'])
    result.owner.cleanup?.()
  })
})

describe('Linux PTY bootstrap reuse', () => {
  const terminalSpec = {
    argv: ['bash', '--noprofile'],
    cwd: '/target',
    env: { TARGET: 'yes' },
    rows: 24,
    cols: 80,
    terminalType: 'dumb',
    graceMs: 100,
  } as const

  it.each(['SIGTERM', 'SIGKILL'] as const)('preserves %s before bootstrap consumption and joins the empty scope', async (signal) => {
    const scope = prepareLinuxTerminalScope(terminalSpec, { TARGET: 'yes' }, {
      spawnSync: vi.fn(() => missingUnit()) as never,
      systemctlQuery: async () => missingUnit(),
    })
    const requestPath = scope.env[SUBPROCESS_RUNNER_ENV]
    if (requestPath === undefined) throw new Error('missing PTY request')
    directories.push(linuxLaunchFilesFromLocator(requestPath).directory)
    let running = true
    const kill = vi.fn()
    const owner = scope.bindOwner({ running: () => running, signal: kill.mockReturnValue(true), settled: Promise.resolve() })
    owner.signal(signal)
    expect(kill).toHaveBeenCalledExactlyOnceWith(signal)
    running = false
    expect(existsSync(requestPath)).toBe(true)
    expect(scope.resolveOutcome({ exitCode: 0, signal })).toEqual({ exitCode: 0, signal })
    await expect(owner.waitForExit()).resolves.toBeUndefined()
    scope.cleanup()
    expect(existsSync(linuxLaunchFilesFromLocator(requestPath).directory)).toBe(false)
  })

  it('uses the same request/bootstrap, preserves argv, and cleans after owner settlement', async () => {
    const scope = prepareLinuxTerminalScope(terminalSpec, { TARGET: 'yes' }, {
      systemdRun: '/bin/systemd-run',
      systemctl: '/bin/systemctl',
      runnerInvocation: ['/usr/bin/node', '/runner.js'],
      spawnSync: vi.fn(() => ({ status: 0 })) as never,
      systemctlQuery: async () => missingUnit(),
    })
    const requestPath = scope.env[SUBPROCESS_RUNNER_ENV]
    if (requestPath === undefined) throw new Error('missing PTY request')
    expect(scope.args.slice(-3)).toEqual(['--', 'bash', '--noprofile'])
    expect(consumeLinuxLaunchRequest(requestPath)).toEqual({ cwd: '/target', env: { TARGET: 'yes' } })
    const owner = scope.bindOwner({ running: () => false, signal: vi.fn(() => true), settled: Promise.resolve() })
    await expect(owner.waitForExit()).resolves.toBeUndefined()
    expect(scope.resolveOutcome({ exitCode: 0, signal: null })).toEqual({ exitCode: 0, signal: null })
    scope.cleanup()
    expect(existsSync(linuxLaunchFilesFromLocator(requestPath).directory)).toBe(false)
  })

  it('surfaces PTY pre-exec errors instead of launcher outcomes', () => {
    const scope = prepareLinuxTerminalScope(terminalSpec, { TARGET: 'yes' })
    const requestPath = scope.env[SUBPROCESS_RUNNER_ENV]
    if (requestPath === undefined) throw new Error('missing PTY request')
    const files = linuxLaunchFilesFromLocator(requestPath)
    unlinkSync(requestPath)
    writeLinuxStartupError(files, {
      type: 'error', error: { name: 'Error', message: 'bad cwd', code: 'ENOENT' },
    })
    expect(() => scope.resolveOutcome({ exitCode: 127, signal: null })).toThrow('bad cwd')
    scope.cleanup()
  })

  it('uses default owner dependencies and rejects an unconsumed request', () => {
    const scope = prepareLinuxTerminalScope(terminalSpec, { TARGET: 'yes' })
    const requestPath = scope.env[SUBPROCESS_RUNNER_ENV]
    if (requestPath === undefined) throw new Error('missing PTY request')
    directories.push(linuxLaunchFilesFromLocator(requestPath).directory)
    scope.bindOwner({ running: () => true, signal: vi.fn(() => true), settled: Promise.resolve() })
    expect(() => scope.resolveOutcome({ exitCode: 1, signal: null })).toThrow(
      'before its bootstrap consumed',
    )
    scope.cleanup()
  })
})

describe('Linux ordinary launch adapters', () => {
  it('uses the default launch dependencies without changing the target request', async () => {
    const child = new FakeChild()
    childProcessMocks.spawn.mockReturnValue(child)
    const result = launchLinuxScope(spec(), { TARGET: 'yes' })
    const call = childProcessMocks.spawn.mock.calls[0]
    const options = call?.[2] as { env?: NodeJS.ProcessEnv } | undefined
    const requestPath = options?.env?.[SUBPROCESS_RUNNER_ENV]
    if (requestPath === undefined) throw new Error('launch did not publish a request locator')
    directories.push(linuxLaunchFilesFromLocator(requestPath).directory)
    expect(call?.[0]).toBe('systemd-run')
    expect(consumeLinuxLaunchRequest(requestPath)).toEqual({ cwd: '/target', env: { TARGET: 'yes' } })
    child.exit(0, null)
    await expect(result.direct).resolves.toEqual({ exitCode: 0, signal: null })
    result.owner.cleanup?.()
  })

  it('removes the private launch directory when spawn throws synchronously', () => {
    const spawnError = new Error('synchronous spawn failure')
    let requestPath: string | undefined
    expect(() => launchLinuxScope(spec(), { TARGET: 'yes' }, {
      runnerInvocation: ['/usr/bin/node', '/runner.js'],
      spawn: vi.fn((_command: string, _args: readonly string[], options: { env?: NodeJS.ProcessEnv }) => {
        requestPath = options.env?.[SUBPROCESS_RUNNER_ENV]
        throw spawnError
      }) as never,
    })).toThrow(spawnError)
    if (requestPath === undefined) throw new Error('spawn did not receive a request locator')
    expect(existsSync(linuxLaunchFilesFromLocator(requestPath).directory)).toBe(false)
  })
})