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@@ -456,10 +456,29 @@ Different skill types need different test approaches:
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**All of these mean: Test before deploying. No exceptions.**
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+## Match the Form to the Failure
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+
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+Before writing guidance, classify the baseline failure. The form that bulletproofs one failure type measurably backfires on another.
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+
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+| Baseline failure | Right form | Wrong form |
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+|---|---|---|
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+| Skips/violates a rule under pressure (knows better, does it anyway) | Prohibition + rationalization table + red flags (see Bulletproofing below) | Soft guidance ("prefer...", "consider...") |
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+| Complies, but output has the wrong shape (bloated prompt, buried verdict, restated spec) | Positive recipe or contract: state what the output IS — its parts, in order | Prohibition list ("don't restate", "never narrate") |
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+| Omits a required element from something they already produce | Structural: REQUIRED field or slot in the template they fill in | Prose reminders near the template |
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+| Behavior should depend on a condition | Conditional keyed to an observable predicate ("if the brief exists, reference it") | Unconditional rule + exemption clauses |
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+
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+**Why prohibitions backfire on shaping problems:** under a competing incentive ("make the prompt self-contained"), agents negotiate with "don't X" and produce MORE of the unwanted content than with no guidance at all — measured head-to-head, prohibition wording scored worse than the no-guidance control while recipe wording scored best. A recipe leaves nothing to negotiate: the output matches the stated shape or it doesn't.
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+
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+**Rules for whichever form you pick:**
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+- **No nuance clauses.** "Don't X unless it matters" reopens the negotiation and measurably dilutes compliance. Express a real exception as its own conditional on an observable predicate.
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+- **Exemption clauses don't scope.** "This limit doesn't apply to code blocks" still suppresses code blocks. If part of the output must be exempt, restructure so the rule can't reach it.
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+
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## Bulletproofing Skills Against Rationalization
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Skills that enforce discipline (like TDD) need to resist rationalization. Agents are smart and will find loopholes when under pressure.
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+**Scope:** this toolkit is for discipline failures — an agent that knows the rule and skips it under pressure. For wrong-shaped output or omitted elements, prohibition-based bulletproofing backfires; use the forms in Match the Form to the Failure instead.
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+
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**Psychology note:** Understanding WHY persuasion techniques work helps you apply them systematically. See persuasion-principles.md for research foundation (Cialdini, 2021; Meincke et al., 2025) on authority, commitment, scarcity, social proof, and unity principles.
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### Close Every Loophole Explicitly
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@@ -553,6 +572,18 @@ Run same scenarios WITH skill. Agent should now comply.
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Agent found new rationalization? Add explicit counter. Re-test until bulletproof.
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+### Micro-Test Wording Before Full Scenarios
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+
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+Full pressure-scenario runs are the final gate, but they are slow and expensive per iteration. Verify the wording itself first with micro-tests:
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+
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+1. **One API call per sample.** System prompt = the realistic context the guidance will live in (the full skill or prompt template, not the guidance in isolation); user message = a task that tempts the failure.
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+2. **Always include a no-guidance control.** If the control doesn't exhibit the failure, there is nothing to fix — stop, don't author the guidance.
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+3. **5+ reps per variant.** Single samples lie.
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+4. **Manually read every flagged match.** Score programmatically if you like, but template echoes and quoted counter-examples masquerade as hits; automated counts alone overstate both failure and success.
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+5. **Variance is a metric.** When guidance lands, reps converge on the same shape. Five different interpretations across five reps means the wording isn't binding — tighten the form before adding words.
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+
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+Micro-tests verify wording; they do not replace pressure scenarios for discipline skills.
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+
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**Testing methodology:** See [testing-skills-with-subagents.md](testing-skills-with-subagents.md) for the complete testing methodology:
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- How to write pressure scenarios
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- Pressure types (time, sunk cost, authority, exhaustion)
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@@ -610,6 +641,8 @@ Deploying untested skills = deploying untested code. It's a violation of quality
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- [ ] Keywords throughout for search (errors, symptoms, tools)
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- [ ] Clear overview with core principle
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- [ ] Address specific baseline failures identified in RED
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+- [ ] Guidance form matches the failure type (see Match the Form to the Failure)
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+- [ ] Wording micro-tested against a no-guidance control (5+ reps, every flagged match read manually)
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- [ ] Code inline OR link to separate file
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- [ ] One excellent example (not multi-language)
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- [ ] Run scenarios WITH skill - verify agents now comply
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